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HEUOES  AND  MARTYRS 


OF 


GEOEGIA. 


GEORGIA'S  RECORD 


IN   THK 
I 


REVOLUTION  OF  1861 


VOLUME    FIRST. 


OF  GORDON,  GKOBOIA. 


MACON,  GA.: 
BUHKK,    boy  kin    &    COJJrANV. 

18C4. 


HEROES  AND  MARTYRS 


OF 


GEOEGIA. 


GEORGIA'S  RECORD 


IN  THE 


REVOLUTION  OF  1861. 


By  JAMES  M.  FOLSOM. 


MACON,  GA.: 
BURKE,   BOYKIN   &   COMPANY. 

1864. 


^ijj/DiAM  mf\  >^mmi 


h     T    ^  ;n  <■  T    ■  ^  TT  • 


Entered  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1864,  by 

JAMES  M.  EOLSOM, 

in  the  Clerk's  oflSce  of  the  District  Court  of  the  Confederate  States  for  the 

Southern  District  of  Georgia. 


A 


PREFACE. 


TuE  first  volume  of  Heroes  and  Martyrs,  <tc.,  which  I  am  herewith  pre* 
Renting  to  the  public,  has  been  written,  and  the  material  collected  under 
circumstances  of  the  most  unfavorable  character,  during  the  hottest  portion 
of  one  of  the  most  extraordinary  campaigns  ever  fought,  on  this  or  any 
other  continent. 

The  gentlemen  who  have  so  kindly  assisted  me  in  collecting  the  material, 
and  whose  names  I  append,  were  compelled,  with  perhaps  a  few  exceptions, 
to  lie  in  the  trenches  around  Petersburg,  under  an  almost  constant  can* 
nonade,  while  every  instrument  of  destruction  that  man's  ingenuity  could 
devise,  was  flying  thick  and  fast  around  him,  and  while  there  wrote  out 
the  MSS.  from  which  this  volume  is  compiled. 

It  was  my  hope  when  I  commenced  my  labors,  that  the  larger  portion  of 
my  work  would  be  filled  with  incidents  of  personal  heroism ;  and  it  is  a 
bitter  disappointment  to  me  (owing  to  the  difficulty  of  obtaining  namei  and 
incidents,)  to  present  this  work  to  the  public,  without  more  of  the  names 
of  those,  to  whom  it  is  dedicated,  filling  its  pages. 

I  have  attempted  to  avoid  all  superfluity  of  language,  and  to  render  the 
book  perfectly  comprehensible  to  every  reader. 

The  footing  up  of  the  losses  of  the  different  commands  may  appear  strange 
to  many,  cspeciall}*  those  whose  losses  have  exceeded  their  strength,  such 
as  the  Third  and  Sixth  Regiments.  This,  however,  is  explained  by  the 
fact,  that  many  of  the  wounded  have  been  wounded  more  than  once,  and 
that  the  real  losses  from  wounds  are  those  who  have  been  retired  or  dis- 
charged. 

1  desire  to  express  my  thanks  to  the  officers  who  have  so  kindly  assisted 
me,  and  particularly  to  Colonel  Lorriy,  of  the  Sixth  Georgia,  to  whose 
courtesy  I  am  indebt<>d  for  the  facility  with  which  I  collected  my  material 
while  in  Virginia.  I  df^sire  that  the  following  named  gentlemen  will  accept 
my  thanka  for  their  generous  assistance,  and  kind  B}inpathy  with  my  under- 
taking: 

Colonel  WttxiAM  Gibsov Forty-eighth  Georgia  Regiment. 

Lieutenant-Colonel  M.  R.  Hall 

NiMKT Third 


372.732. 


4  PREFACK. 

Adjutant  J.  A.  BtHD Sixty-fourth  Georgia  Regiment. 

Major  J.  D.  Frederick Tenth  Georgia  Battalion. 

Colonel  J.  N.  Ramset..,.. ......  • First  Georgia  Regiment. 

Colonel  Neal * H .  i  .4  . i^-. .  1 ; .  .Nineteenth  Georgia  Regiment. 

Colonel  John  T.  Loftin Sixth  "  " 

Colonel  HuGGiNs,  and  Major  Ballbnger..  .Twenty-third    "  " 

Adjutant  T.  O.  Wicker Twenty-eighth  "  " 

Sergeant  Piser , "  "  " 

Major  Bassenoer j .  uh«.  uv,.  - .  •  Eighteenth  Georgia  Battalion. 

Sergeant  Major  Harris ;  i  .v.  L ; Cults'  Artillery  Battalion. 

Captain  Wofford , Phillips'  Legion  Cavalry  Battalion. 

Captain  Norwood Thomas'  Brigade. 

Adjutant  Mark  Newman Forty-ninth  Georgia  Regiment. 

Lieutenant-Colonel  McCui.i,oH Thirty -fifth        "  " 

Captain  T.  C.  Moore Fourteenth         "  " 

In  wishing  them  a  happy  exemption  from  the  casualties  of  any  fatwe 
engagement,  and  the  pleasures  of  a  safe  and  happy  return  to  their  homes, 
when  white-robed  peace  shall  again  smile  upon  us,  in  the  enjoyment  of 
our  dearest  rights,  is  my  heart's  sincere  feelingi. 

To  the  press  and  public  I  would  say,  deal  leniently  with  this  work,  as  it 
is  the  labor  of  a  young  beginner  in  the  world  of  literature.  If  you  find, 
as  you  no  doubt  wiU,  abundant  food  for  criticism,  then  I  implore  you,  for 
the  sake  of  his  motives,  spare  THE  AUTHOR. 


TO 


tht  '§mt%  mA  ^m^x^  o(  (^m^i^: 


WHOSB    l-in>Il[IXI8BED    AND    CNWAVBUNO   TALOR    HAS    tONO    BEEN    THE    FBIDE    AITD 
BOAST   OF    THEIS   NATIVE  STATE: 

WHOflS   BUFPXBINOS,    PRIVATIONS,    WOUNDS,    AND   DEATHS,    HAVE   BEEN   BO   LONG    AND 
DEETLT   DETLOKED: 

WHO,  BT   THXm   OALLAin'BT,  HAVE   IU.CSTBATED   THE   CHABACTKB   OV   QEOBOIA,  AND 

WHO,  BT  THUB   GLOBIOCS   DEATHS,    HAVE   FTLLED    A    NICHE   IN   THB 

TEHPLE    OF    UNDYING    FAME, 

TBta  WORK  U  A/TBOTIONATILT  DEDIOATBD  BT 

THE  AUTHOR. 


3  7:l.73^ 


CONDENSED   STATISTICAL   REPORTS. 


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FIRST  REGIMENT 

.GEORGIA  VOLUNTEERS. 


The  following  brief  record  of  the  First  Georgia  Volunteers, 
from  the  pen  of  its  Colonel,  will  be  read  with  interest,  as  it  is 
the  first  official  history  of  that  regiment,  which  has  come  before 
the  public. 

The  First  Regiment  of  Georgia  Volunteers  was  organized  at 
I\racon,  on  the  3d  day  of  April,  1861,  by  the  election  of  J.  N. 
Ramsey  to  the  Colonelcy,  J.  O.  A.  Clarke  to  the  Lieutenant 
Colonelcy,  and  G.  Harvey  Thompson,  Major. 

In  pursuance  of  orders  from  the  Governor  of  Georgia,  the 
regiment  departed  immediately  for  Pensacola,  Florida,  where 
under  the  command  of  General  Bragg,  they  were  for  two  months 
emplo}*ed  in  preparing  the  defences  for  a  contemplated  attack 
from  the  enemy.  At  the  expiration  of  the  two  months,  the 
regiment  was  ordered  to  report  at  Richmond,  Virginia.  On 
arriving  at  Richmond,  orders  were  received  from  the  President  to 
repair  immediately  to  Staunton,  in  the  Valley  of  Virginia.  Upon 
the  arrival  of  the  regiment  at  that  point,  we  were  ordered  to  take 
up  the  line  of  march  across  the  mountains  to  Laurel  Hill,  to  the 
support  of  General  Garnett,  whose  command  was  threatened  by 
an  overpowering  force  of  the  enemy,  under  General  G.  B. 
McClellan. 

Upon  the  arrival  of  the  regiment,  in  June,  1861,  it  was 
immediately  engaged  in  fortifying  the  camp  at  Laurel  Hill,  with 
the  few  troops  under  the  command  of  General  Garnett ;  in  all 
not  amounting  to  more  than  three  thousand,  at  that  point. 

In  a  few  days,  the  enemy  appeared  in  large  force,  in  front  of 
our  position,  and  attempted  to  seize  upon  the  heights,  which 
would,  without  doubt,  have  given  them  complete  command  over 
the  camp.  A  sharp  combat  ensued,  in  which  the  Firpt  Georgia 
drove  the  enemy  at  the  point  of  the  bayonet,  from  the  heights, 
they  leaving  many  of  their  dead  upon  the  field.  The  loss  of  the 
First  Georgia  was  very  small,  not  on«  being  killed,  one  Mverely, 


8         HEROES  AND  MARTYRS  OF  GEORGIA. 

and  several  slightly  wounded.  This  was  the  first  time  the 
regiment  was  ever  under  fire  or  actively  engaged ;  and  their 
conduct  was  all  their  commander  could  have  desired.  Skirmish- 
ing continued  daily  for  a  week,  ending  almost  every  evening, 
with  a  brisk  cannonade  by  the  enemy. 

Our  position  at  Rich  Mountain  having  been  turned  by  the 
enemy,  which  gave  them  control  of  the  only  road  through  the 
mountains  by  which  General  Garnett  received  his  supplies,  it 
became  necessary  to  evacuate  our  position  at  Laurel  Hill.  The 
army,  on  account  of  its  small  numbers,  and  being  cut  off  from 
all  supplies  and  support,  was  now  in  a  very  perilous  condition. 
An  overwhelming  force  of  the  enemy  was  in  our  front ;  a  large 
force  which  had  just  taken  Rich  Mountain,  moving  in  our  rear ; 
a  large  force  at  New  Creek  and  West  Union,  in  striking  distance 
of  the  only  route  by  which  we  could  possibly  escape ;  tpgether 
with  the  fact  that  we  were  already  out  of  provisions,  rendered  a 
successful  retreat  very  precarious,  and  from  which  nothing  but 
an  indomitable  resolution  to  clear  ourselves  from  thfe  toils  in 
which  we  were  ensnared,  could  ever  have  relieved  us. 

The  lamented  General  Garnett,  comprehending  fully  the 
responsibilities  of  his  position,  calmly  made  his  dispositions,  and 
at  night-fall,  in  good  order,  commenced  a  retrograde  movement 
in  the  direction  of  Beverly ;  then  turning  off  to  the  left,  pursued 
the  St.  George  road,  in  order  again  to  get  in  communication  with 
his  supplies  and  supports.  To  accomplish  this  movement,  a  long 
and  circuitous  route  had  ,to  be  traveled,  with  impassible  moun- 
tains on  either  hand,  and  an  enemy  powerful  in  numbers  and 
munitions  of  war,  was  hanging  upon  our  rear,  and  threatening 
our  front  at  the  only  point,  as  before  stated,  where  we  could 
make  our  escape  from  this  net,  whose  meshes  had  entangled  us. 

On  the  second  day  of  the  retreat,  the  enemy  came  upon  the 
rear  of  our  little  band  of  Confederates ;  the  First  Georgia 
covering  the  retreat.  As  soon  as  the  enemy  conceived  a  flank 
movement,  the  Colonel  commanding  the  First,  threw  out  two 
companies  to  the  left,  who  drove  them  back.  A  heavy  column 
with  artillery,  was  then  discovered  advancing  upon  our  troops, 
who  were  then  tiling  through  Cheat  River.  In  order  to  protect 
them,  the  Colonel  of  the  First  Georgia  ordered  his  regiment  to 
face  to  the  right,  pass  the  river,,  and  attack  the  enemy.  Leading 
four  companies  across^  he  ordered  fire  to  open  on  the  advancing 
column,  which  was  promptly  executed,  and  a  galling  fire  wa» 


FIKST  GEORGIA   REGIMENT.  9 

poured  into  the  advaucing  foe.  Matters  upon  the  left  did  not 
progress  so  well.  Six  companies  were  eflectually  cut  off  and 
could  not  pass,  but  made  their  way  through  the  mountains,  and 
joined  their  comrades  after  many  days  of  the  most  intense 
suffering,  in  many  cases  amounting  to  incipient  starvation. 

The  four  companies  who  were  making  the  desperate  stand 
alluded  to  above,  being  almost  enveloped  by  the  heavy  masses  of 
the  enemy,  having  received  no  supports,  and  having  entirely 
despaired  of  receiving  assistance  from  the  six.  companies  who 
were  cut  off,  and  there  being  but  about  two  hundred  of  these 
noble  Georgians  to  contend  against  the  whole  Yankee  army,  who 
were  pouring  a  hot  fire  of  artillery  and  musketry  into  our  ranks 
from  every  ]ioint,  were  ordered  to  fall  back.  In  this  rencounter, 
the  regiment  lost  twenty  men,  mostly  captured  by  the  enemy. 

At  the  next  ford  General  Garnctt  made  a  stand,  about  a  milo 
from  the  scene  of  the  conflict  above  described.  At  tliis  point, 
General  Garnctt  lost  his  life,  and  Colonel  Ramsey  took  comlnand 
of  the  forces  by  seniority  of  rank;  who,  seeing  the  danger  of  the 
situation,  ordered  a  forced  march  this  night,  in  order  to  turn  the 
enemy's  camp  in  front,  which  seemed  to  be  the  only  chance  or  hope 
of  escape.  The  plan  was  attended  with  complete  success,  and  the 
army  saved  with  inconsiderable  loss.  Too  much  praise  cannot 
be  bestowed  upon  the  loyal  citizens  of  that  portion  of  the  Old 
Dominion,  for  the  timely  assistance  which  tliey  furnished  our 
sick  and  famishing  soldiers,  on  that  toilsome  march. 

]?y  rapid  marclics,  the  army  soon  arrived  at  Monterey,  and 
were  again  moved  forward  under  the  command  of  General  Henry 
R.  Jackson  of  Savannah,  to  check  the  enemy's  advance  on  Green 
Brier  River.  In  an  affair  on  Cheat  Mountain,  the  regiment  lost 
two  or  three  killed,  and  several  Mounded;  the  enemy  suffered 
much  more.  The  main  guard  of  the  Yankees  were  liere  cut  off 
from  under  the  guns  of  their  fortified  caniji,  and  killed,  wounded 
or  dispersed  by  the  advance  guard  of  our  forces,  comjnised  of 
one  hundred  men  from  the  First  and  Twelfth  Georgia  Regiments. 

On  the  3d  day  of  October,  1861,  the  enemy  in  large  force 
•ittacked   General  Jackson,  and   after  a  severe  contest  of  cigbl 
hours,  were  driven  back  with  considerable  loss.     The  Iorb  of  ibis 
•  regiment  amounted  to  fifly-one  killed,  wounded  and  missing. 

Lieutenant  Colonel  Clarke  ]ii\\  ing  resigned  his  commission,  an 
cloction  to  fill  the  vacancy  was  ordered,  and  Major  Thompson 
wasj  elected.      Adjutant  J.  W«  Anderson  w  as  elected  to  the 

B 


10  HEROES  AND   MARTYRS  OF  GEORGIA. 

Majority.  About  the  25th  day  of  December,  the  regiment  was 
ordered  to  join  the  forces  of  Stonewall  Jackson  at  Winchester, 
Virginia,  and  participated  in  the  campaigns  of  Bath  and  Romney, 
one  of  the  most  disagreeable  of  the  war,  owing  to  the  terrible 
weather.  » 

The  loss  of  this  regiment  was  considerable,  from  constant 
exposure  to  the  many  hardships  connected  with  this  campaign. 
The  weather  was  intensely  cold,  and  storms  of  sleet  and  rain 
were  numerous.  ' 

In  March,  1862,  the  time  for  which  this  regiment  enlisted 
expired,  and  they  were  mustered  out  of  service.  The  health  of 
the  Colonel,  feeble  at  the  beginning  of  the  war,  had,  in  conse- 
quence of  the  exposure  and  many  fatigues  he  had  undergone, 
almost  totally  failed,  and  in  consequence,  the  regiment  was  never 
reorganized;  but  all  the  members  not  disabled,  after  a  short 
respite,  were  organized  into  artillery  and  other  companies,  and 
again  entered  the  service.  Many  were  placed  in  important 
command^,  which  they  now  hold  in  the  Confederate  army;  and 
not  a  few  have  nobly  fallen  on  the  many  gory  battle-fields  of  this 
revolution. 

Composed  of  intelligent  patriots,  brave  and  self-sacrificing 
heroes,  they  bore  patiently  the  severe  trials  and  sufferings  through 
which  they  passed.  Their  commander  found  it  necessary  only  to 
appeal  to  their  sense  of  duty,  to  enforce  discipline ;  and  in  no  case, 
during  their  term  of  service,  was  any  oflicer  court-martialed 
for  failure  to  dipcharge  his  duty,  or  for  conduct  unbecoming 
an  oflicer  or  a  gentleman.  The  severest  punishment  inflicted 
upon  a  private,  was  confinement  in  the  guard  tent  for  a  few  days. 

The  total  losses  of  the  regiment  from  all  causes,  was  about 
two  hundred,  mostly  from  sickness  and  unavoidable  exposure. 

The  above  history  of  the  first  regiment  Georgia  sent  into  the> 
field,  is  incomplete,  as  all  statistical  records  are  lost,  and  at  this 
late  day,  many  of  the  most  interesting  facts  and  much  important 
matter  connected  with  the  regiment,  cannot  be  obtained. 

Since  the  above  was  written,  I  have  received  the  following 
statement  of  the  original  organization  of  the  First  Georgia 
Regiment : — 

Company  A,  Newnan  Guards,  Coweta  County,  Captaiu  G.  M  Harvey. 
Corapany  B,  Southern  Guards,  Muscogee  County,  Captain  F.  Wilkins. 
Company  C,  Southern  Rights  Guards,  Houston  County,  Captain  J.  A.  Houser. 
Company  D,  Oglethorpe  Light  Infantry,  ^Richmond  County,  Captain  —  Adams. 


FIRST  GEORGIA  REGIMENT.  11 

Company  E,  Washington  Rifles,  'Washington  County,  Captain  S.  A.  H.  Jones. 
Company  F,  Gate  City  Guards,  Fulton  County,  Captain  W.  Ezeard. 
Company  G,  Quitman  Guards,  Monroe  County,  Captain  J.  S.  Pinckard. 
Company  H,  DahlOnega  Volunteers,  Lumpkin  County,  Captain  T.  B.  Cabiness. 
Company  I,  Bainbridge  Independent  Volunteers,  Decatur  Countj",  Captain  J.  W. 

Evans. 
Company  K,  "Walker  Light  Infantry,  Richmond  County,  Captain  —  Crump. 

Lieutenant  James  Anderson,  of  Company  A,  Adjutant. 

Henry  Welch  of  Company  A,  Sergeant  Major. 

P.  D.  B.  Culler,  of  Perry,  Greorgia,  Swge«n. 

[No  Assistant  Surgeon.] 

Lieutenant  Atkinson,  of  Columbus,  Quartermaster. 

Captain  George  Dunn,  of  Forsyth,  Quart0rviaster. 

Captain  G.  Cunningham,  Commissary. 


.•^J5aif>,-,^.'. 


EIGHTEENTH  REGIMENT 


GEOKGIA  VOLUNTEERS. 


STATISTICAL  REPORT  OF  EIGHTEENTH  GEORGIA  VOLUNTEERS. 


Number  of  men  originally  enlisted, 
Number  of  recruits, 
Number  of  conscripts, 

Total  strength  of  regiment : 


841 

364 

38 

1243 


CASUALTIES   IN  DIFFERENT  ENGAGEMENTS. 


Eltham's  Landing, 
Seven  Pines,    . 
Gaines'  Farm, 
Malvern  Hill, 
Freeman's  Ford, 
Thoroughfare  Gap, 
Manassas,  Number  2, 
Boonsboro  Gap, 
Sharpsburg, 
Fredericksburg, 
Chancellorsville, 
Gettysburg, 
Chester  Gap,    . 
Chattanooga,     .         ; 
Knoxville, 
Bean  Station, 
Wilderness, 
Spottsylvania  Court  House 
Coal  Harbor,     . 
Deep  Bottom,    . 

Total, 


Number  of  men  died  of  wounds  and  disease 
Number  of  men  discharged. 


Killed,     Wounded. 


May  Tth 1862, 

May  31st 1862, 

June  27th " 

July  2d " 

August  29th " 

August  30th " 

September  14th...  " 
September  iVth.i.  " 
December  13th, ...   " 

May  3d 1863, 

July  2d " 

September  " 

November  29th. . .  " 
December  13th. . .  " 

May  6th 1864, 

May  10,  11,  &  12     " 

June  1st " 

July  29th " 


37 


37 

27 
14 
21 
31 


16 

7 

10 

4 


184 


3 

106 

7 


87 
1 
63 
30 
80 
9 

3 
23 

1 
87 
80 
25 


633 


180 
142 


BKCAPITULATION. 


Killed, 
Wounded, 
Died,    , 
Discharged, 


184 
633 
180 
142 


TOTAt, 


1039 


EIGHTEENTH  GEORGIA  REGIMENT.  18 

By  the  foregoing  recapitulation  and  statistical  report,  it  will 
be  seen  that  this  regiment  has  been  actively  engaged  in  twenty 
battles,  in  fifteen  of  which  it  suffered  more  or  less. 

The  total  loss,  counting  the  wounded  men,  many  of  whom  are 
of  course  still  in  the  regiment,  amounts  to  one  thousand  and 
thirty-nine  men.  This  is,  however,  only  a  temporary  loss.  The 
real  loss  of  the  regiment  is  as  follows  : —  , 

Killed,  -         -         -         .         184 

Died,  -         -         -         -         180 

Discharged,  -        -        -         142 

Amounting  to        -        -        506  men. 

The  Eighteenth  Georgia  Regiment  was  organized  at  Camp 
Brown,  Cobb  County,  Georgia,  on  the  22d  day  of  April,  1861, 
under  a  special  act  of  the  Georgia  Legislature,  and  formed  the 
First  Regiment,  Fourth  Brigade,  State  Troops,  under  the  follow- 
ing named  field  ofiicers:  Colonel  W.  T.  Wofford,  of  Cassville, 
Cass  Counf)' ;  Lieutenant  Colonel  S.  Z.  Ruff,  of  the  Georgia 
Military  Institute,  Marietta,  Cobb  County;  Major  Jefferson 
Johnson,  Floyd  County;  Adjutant  John  C.  Griffin,  Marietta, 
Cobb  County. 

The  changes  in  the  field  officers  are  as  follows:  Adjutant  J.  C. 
Griffin  elected  Major,  April  7th,  1862,  to  succeed  Major  Johnson, 
resigned.  Colonel  Wofford  was  appointed  Brigadier  General, 
January  Ist,  186.3,  successor  to  General  T.  R.  R.  Cobb,  killed 
December  13th,  1862.  Lieutenant  A.  H.  Patton  promoted 
Adjutant,  April  7th,  1862,  successor  to  Adjutant  Griffin,  promoted 
Major.  Lieutenant  Colonel  Ruff  promoted  to  the  Colonelcy, 
January  1st,  1863,  successor  to  Colonel  Wofford,  promoted 
Brigadier. 

Captain  J.  A.  Stewart  promoted  to  Major,  successor  to  Major 
John  C.  Griffin,  appointed  Commissary  of  Subsistence.  Captain 
Joseph  Armstrong  appointed  Colonel,  January  6th,  1864,  succes- 
sor to  Colonel  Ruff,  killed  November  29th,  1863.  Captain  F. 
M.  Ford  appointed  Lieutenant  Colonel,  March  25th,  1864, 
successor  to  Lieutenant  Colonel  Ruff.  Captain  W.  G.  Calahan 
appointed  Major,  January  6th,  successor  to  Major  Stewart, 
resigned.  Serge.ant  E.  N.  Everett  appointed  Adjutant,  successor 
to  Adjutant  Patton,  who  was  appointed  Captain  and  Assistant 
Adjutant  General  on  General  Wofford's  staff. 

The  brigade   was  organiied   day  of  ,   ,   and 


14         HEROES  AND  MARTYRS  OF  GEORGIA. 

transferred  to  Camp  McDonald,  Cobb  County,  Georgia,  After 
nearly  two  months  of  preparatory  drilling  at  the  latter  place, 
the  brigade  (the  Fourth,  State  Troops,)  was  broken  up,  and  the 
reo-iraents.  and  battalions  composing  it  were  ordered  to  report  to 
Richmond,. having  been  transferred  to  the  service  of  the  Confed- 
erate States. 

The  regiment  left  Camp  McDonald  on  the  2d  day  of  August, 
1861,  and  arrived  at  Richmond  on  the  7th.  During  the  greater 
portion  of  the  time  they  were  in  Richmond,  they  were  on  duty 
guarding  the  prisoners  captured  in  the  first  battle  of  Manassas. 
On  the  26th  of  October,  the  regiment  having  been  relieved  from 
this  duty  by  the  Second  Florida  Regiment,  received  orders  to 
report  to  Goldsboro,  North  Carolina,  for  garrison  duty.  They 
remained  here  about  two  weeks,  when  they  received  orders  to 
report  back  to  Richmond.  On  the  1 8th,  they  departed  for  the 
Potomac,  and  were  attached  to  the  Texas  brigade  then  com- 
manded by  General  Wigfall,  and  were  stationed  in  the  vicinity 
of  Dumfries.  Here  they  remained  all  winter,^doing  picket  and 
other  duties.  On  the  8th  of  March,  1862,  the  Eighteenth  left 
camp  on  the  Potomac,  and  entered  upon  the  campaign  of  that 
year  with  the  Army  of  Northern  Virginia. 

The  brigade,  at  this  time,  was  under  the  command  of 
Brigadier  General  Hood,  General  Wigfall  having  resigned.  The 
brigade  marched  from  Dumfries  to  Yorktown,  which  being  the 
first  march  of  the  regiment,  and  the  men  being  unaccustomed  to 
the  hardships  of  a  long  march,  suffered  greatly  from  the  exposure 
and  severities  of  the  march.  They  were  afterwards  detailed  to 
guard  the  right  flank  of  the  army,  on  its  retreat  from  Yorktown. 
On  the  seventh  of  May,  the  enemy  in  considerable  force,  attacked 
the  right  flank  of  General  Johnson's  army,  and  were  repulsed 
by  the  brigade  near  Eltham's  Lapding,  the  Eighteenth  Georgia 
bearing  a  conspicuous  part  in  the  engagement.  On  the  31st  of 
May  and  the  1st  of  June,  the  regiment'participated  in  the  battle 
of  Seven  Pines,  sustaining  a  loss  of  three  men  wounded.  The 
regiment  was  afterward  kept  in  the  Chickahominy  Swamp, 
doing  picket  duty,  and  throwing  up  fortifications,  &c.,  until  the 
12th  of  June,  when  they  were  transported  to  Staunton,  to. 
reinforce  General  Stonewall  Jackson  ;  at  which  point  they 
arrived  on  the  IStb;  and  on  the  19th  left  Staunton,  and  were 
transported  to  Frederick's  Hall,  remaining  there  for  two  days  to 


EIGHTEENTH   GEORGIA   REGIMENT.  16 

prepare  for  the  great  work  anticipated  by  that  far-seeing  chieftain, 
General  Jackson. 

On  the  26th,  the  regiment  arrived  in  front  of  Richmond, 
opposite  Mechanicsville,  and  at  four  o'clock  in  the  evening,  on 
the  2Vth  of  June,  they  went  into  the  battle  of  Gaines'  Farm," 
charging  the  enemy's  batteries,  placed  in  position  under  the 
immediate  supervision  of  General  McClellan  himself,  and  said  by 
liim  to  he  impregnable;  but  the  intrepid  spirits  composing  the 
Texas  brigade,  needed  only  the  command  of  onward,  to  drive  the 
vandals  from  their  guns,  and  turn  them  upon  the  retreating  foe. 
The  battle  closed  about  nine  o'clock  in  the  evening,  the  whole 
country  being  covered  with  the  victims  of  the  horrid  strife. 

The  Eighteenth  Georgia  in  this  engagement,  captured  rvinc 
splendid  brass  pieces  of  artillery,  with  a  loss  to  the  regiment  of 
thirty-seven  killed,  and  one  hundred  and  six  wounded.  They 
remained  on  the  field  the  remainder  of  the  night.  The  28th  was 
spent  in  burying  the  dead,  and  caring  for  the  wounded.  On  the 
29th,  thev  took  up  the  line  of  march  in  pursuit  of  McClellan's 
retreating  and  badly  whipped  forces.  On  the  31st,  the  regiment 
received  a  heavy  shelling  at  White  Oak  Swamp,  but  sustained  no 
loss.  On  the  1st  of  July,  it  took  an  active  part  in  the  battle  of 
Malvern  Hill.  The  casualties  in  this  fight  were  three  killed  and 
seven  wounded.  On  the  4th,  the  regiment  marched  to  Charles 
City  Court  House,  The  regiment  was  very  much  fatigued,  but 
after  remaining  at  the  latter  place  four  days,  were  ready  and 
willing  to  perform  any  duty  which  might  have  been  assigned  it. 

On  the '8th,  the  regiment  marched  for  Richmond,  where  it 
arrived  on  the  10th.  Here  it  went  into  camp,  where  it  quietly 
remained  tmtil  the  7th  of  August,  when,  in  response  to  the 
command  of  fonmrd,  it  marched  to  the  plains  of  Manassas, 
whore  it  arri\  cd  on  the  29th  of  Atigust,  having  undergone  many 
hardships  and  ]>iivfilions,  being  frequently  compelled  to  subsist 
on  green  corn,  as  it  was  impossible  to  obtain  any  other  kind  of 
food.  The  regiment  dnring  this  march,  was  engaged  in  two 
different  encounters  with  the  enemy,  the  first  at  Freeman's  Ford, 
and  the  second  at  Thoroughfare  G.i]». 

At  six  oVlork  in  the  evening  of  tlie  29th  of  August,  the 
raiment  engngcd  the  enemy  in  a  hand  to  hf  nd  encounter.  Afler 
two  hours  hard  fighting,  they  succeedt<l  in  repulsing  the  enemy, 
with  the  following  result:  A  large  number  of  jirisoners  were 
taken.     Private  T.  H.  Northcutt  of  Company  A,  captured  one 


16  HEROES  AND  MARTYRS   OF   GEORGIA. 

staftd  of  colors  belonging  to  the  Twenty-fourth  New  York 
Regiment.  On  the  30th,  the  regiment  participated  in  the  second 
battle  of  Manassas,  completely  routing  the  enemy,  killing  the 
greater  portion  of  the  Fifth  and  Tenth  New  York  Zouave 
Regiments,  and  capturing  a  battery  of  four  guns.    • 

During  the  heat  of  the  xingagement,  Private  William  Kay 
succeeded  in  capturing  the  colors  of  the  Tenth  New  York 
Kegiment.  The  casualties  during  this  terrific  battle  in  the  old 
Eighteenth,  amounted  to  thirty-seven  killed  and  eighty-seven 
wounded. 

August  31st  was  spent  in  burying  the  dead  and  attending  to 
the  wounded.  The  regiment  left  during  the  latter  date,  and  by 
severe  marching  arrived  at  the  Potomac  on  the  5th  day  of  Sep- 
tember, crossed  and  marched  to  Frederick  City,  Maryland,  where 
it  remained  and  rested  three  days.  On  the  14th  of  Sej^tember 
a  portion  of  the  army  were  hotly  engaged  at  Boonsborough 
Mountain.  Hood's  Brigade,  by  a  forced  march,  arrived  in  time 
to  take  a  part  in  the  engagement.  The  Eighteenth  Georgia  in 
this  fight  lost  but  one  wounded.  On  the  17th  of  SSptember 
the  rfegiment  was  engaged  in  the  battle  of  Sharpsburg,  and  from 
five  o'clock  in  the  morning  until  late  in  the  evening,  bore  a  prom- 
inent part  in  that  bloody  strife,  losing  (27)  twenty-seven  killed, 
and  (63)  sixty-three  wounded.  During  the  night  of  the  18th 
the  regiment  recrossed  the  Potomac  at  Shepherdstown,  and 
were  there  compelled  to  assist  the  teamsters  in  gaining  the 
heights  on  the  south  bank  of  the  river,  the  mud  being  too  deep 
for  the  half-worn  down  animals  to  drag  their  loads  througli, 
which  consisted  of  principally  army  stores,  collected  from  the 
enemy  while  in  Maryland  and  Pennsylvania.  The  regiment 
encamped  for  the  remainder  of  the  night  at  Martinsburg,  and 
after  a  week  of  much  needed  rest,  again  took  up  the  line  of  march 
for  Winchester,  where  it  went  into  camp  on  the  29th,  remain- 
ing there  for  one  month.  At  this  point  the  regiment  received  a 
new  supply  of  clothing,  of  which  they  stood  greatly  in  need, 
particularly  of  shoes.  Many  of  the  poor  Georgia  boys  had 
marched  mile  after  mile  and  fought  several  battles  with  their 
feet  bare,  and  bleeding  at  almost  every  step.  On  the  29th  of 
October  the  regiment  again  struck  camp  and  marched  for  Cul- 
pepper, arriving  there  on  the  1st  day  of  November,  and  on  the 
20th  of  the  same  month  marched  for  Frederitksburg,  at  which 
place  it  arrived  and  went  into  camp  on  the  28th,    Under  an 


EIGHTEENTH  GEORGIA   REGIMENT.  17 

order  from  the  War  Department,  the  regiment  was  transferred 
from  General  Hood's  Texas  lirigade  to  General  Cobb's  Georgia 
Brigade.  This  change,  at  the  time,  was  not  much  relished  by 
the  majority  of  the  regiment,  who  were  not  pleased  at  the  idea 
of  leaving  their  old  and  tried  companions  in  arms,  the  Texans  ; 
but  their  new  commander,  the  lamented  Cobb,  soon  won  their 
confidence  and  admiration  by  his  m'banity  and  zeal  for  their  wel- 
fare, together  with  the  many  soldierly  qualities  which  had  already 
marked  him  out  for  high  preferment  in  the  military  lijie,  and 
which  were  unfortunately  too  soon  thereafter  lost  to  his  brigade 
and  country. 

On  December  13th,  together  with  the  remainder  of  Cobb's 
Brigade,  the  regiment  went  into  the  battle  of  Fredericksburg, 
in  which  engagement  it  sustained  very  nobly  its  former  dearly 
bought  reputation.  It  was  upon  this  day  that  the  brigade  lost 
its  gallant  leader,  General  Cobb,  who  fell  while  among  his  noble 
band  of  Georgians,  speaking  words  of  encouragement,  and  cheer- 
ing them  with  his  presence. 

In  this  engagement,  one  of  the  severest  of  the  war,  the  Eigh- 
teenth killed,  in  all  probability,  one  half  its  number — itself  sus- 
taining a  loss  of  fourteen  killed  and  thirty  wounded. 

The  regiment  remained  in  camp  after  the  battle  of  Fredericks- 
burg until  the  night  of  the  30th  of  April,  when  it  marched  up  to 
Chancellorsville,  where  it  lay  in  line  of  battle  until  the  3d  of 
May,  when  the  great  contest  began.  The  regiment  was  very 
hotly  engaged  for  one  hour  and  twenty-five  minutes,  confronting 
the  formidable  works  of  the  enemy,  and  sustaining  a  loss  of 
twenty-one  killed  and  eighty-six  wounded.  On  May  4th,  an 
advance  was  made  upon  the  enemy  and  he  was  driven  toward 
Banksford,  losing  a  great  many  jjrisoners.  On  the  let  of  June 
the  regiment  marched  for  Culpepper  Court  House,  where  it 
arrived  after  two  days  severe  marching.  On  the  16th,  it  marched 
from  Culpepper  by  way  of  Woodsville,  Sperryville,  Little  Wash- 
ington, to  Parria,  and  crossed  tlie  Shenandoah  Hiver.  On  the 
2l8t,  recrofised  the  viver  at  Ashby's  Gap,  and  lay  in  line  of  battle 
as  support  to  cavalry.  On  the  22d,  it  crossed  back  to  same  camp. 
On  the  24th,  marched  by  way  of  Millwood,  Berryville,  Summer 
Point,  Smythville  and  Darksville,  to  Martinsliurg;  crossed  the 
Potomac,  on  the  26th,  at  Willianisi)ort,  and  maichod  by  way 
of  llagerstown,  Middleburg,  Green  Castle,  Chamlx-rsburg  and 
Cashtown,  to  Gettysburg,  where  it  arrived  on  the  31st. 

C 


18  HEROES  AND  MARTYRS   OF  GEORGIA. 

The  troops  suffered  very  severely  on  this  inarch  from  the 
excessive  heat ;  so  great  was  it  indeed  that  as  many  as  one  hun- 
dred cases  of  sun-stroke  occurred  in  the  division  during  one  day. 
On  the  2d  day  of  July  the  regiment  was  engaged  in  the  battle 
of  Gettysburg,  driving  the  enemy  for  over  a  mile,  and  resting  on 
the  field  during  the  night.  The  casualties  were  nine  killed  and 
thirty-one  wounded.  On  the  night  of  the  4th,  marched  by  way 
of  Fairfield  and  Waterloo,  to  HagerstoAvn,  remaining  at  the  lat- 
ter place  until  the  14th  of  August,  awaiting  an  attack  from  the 
enemy.  At  that  time  the  regiment  recrossed  the  Potomac  at 
Williamsport,  marched  to  Bunker  Hill ;  from  thence  to  Culpep- 
per Court  House,  where  it  arrived  on  the  24th  instant.  While 
on  the  march  from  Bunker  Hill  to  Culpepper,  the  regiment  was 
engaged  in  dislodging  a  body  of  the  enemy's  cavalry,  sustaining 
no  loss  whatever. 

General  Longstreet's  Corps  being  selected  by  General  Lee  to 
reinforce  General  Bragg,  in  the  West,  the  regiment  accordingly, 
on  the  9th  of  September,  was  placed  on  the  cars  at  Hanover 
Junction,  and  were,  without  delay,  transported  to  Chickamauga, 
Georgia,  where  it  arrived  on  the  19th,  but  did  not  participate  in 
the  battle  of  that  name,  as  the  brigade  could  not  get  up  to  the 
scene  of  action  in  time.  After  some  days  spent  in  skirmishing 
with  the  enemy,  in  which  the  regiment  lost  altogether  three  men 
wounded,  it  was  again,  on  the  5th  of  October,  transported  by 
railroad,  by  way  of  Cleveland,  Charlestown  and  Athens,  to  Sweet 
Water,  Tennessee.  On  the  12th,  it  marched  from  Sweet  Water, 
by  way  of  Philadelphia,  Morganton,  Lowdon,  Lenoir  Station,  to 
Campbell's  Station,  where  it  arrived  on  the  iVth  and  took  ])art 
in  a  heavy  skirmish  with  the  enemy,  but  sustained  no  loss  of  life. 
On  the  18th,  marched  within  two  miles  of  Knoxville.  Heavy 
skirmishing  was  inaugurated  and  continued  every  day  until  the 
29th  instant,  when  tlie  Eighteenth  participated  in  the  celebrated 
charge  of  McLaws'  Division  on  Fort  Lowdon,  in  which  the  regi- 
ment sustained  one  of  the  most  irreparable  losses  which  could 
have  befallen  it,  viz:  the  loss  of  its  gallant  leader,  Colonel  S.  Z. 
Ruff.  Each  member  of  the  regiment,  with  perhaps  a  very  few 
exceptions,  mourned  the  loss  of  their  Colonel  as  they  would 
the  loss  of  a  father  or  a  brother.  Having  been  led  by  him  in 
every  engagement,  save  two  or  three,  they  had  become  ardently 
attached  to  him,  always  feeling  that  all  M^as  right  with  the 
Eighteenth  Georgia,  at  least,  when  Colonel  Ruff  was  in  command. 


EIGHTEENTH  GEORGIA   REGIMENT.  19 

All  honor  to  his  name.  The  Colonel  was  commanding  Wofford's 
Brigade  when  he  received  the  shot  that  ended  his  earthly  career. 
He  received  his  mortal  wound  while  endeavoring  to  scale  the 
walls  of  the  fort.  His  name  will  long  occupy  a  place  in  the 
memories  of  the  members  of  the  regiment,  who  he  had  so  long 
commanded.  May  he  rest  in  peace.  During  this  engagement, 
the  regiment  lost  fifteen  killed,  and  twenty-three  wounded.  On 
the  night  of  the  4th  of  December,  the  regiment  marched  by  way 
of  Rutledge  and  ]\Ioorsburg,  to  Bean  Station,  where,  on  the  13th, 
it  participated  in  a  small  skirmish  with  the  enemy;  remaining  at 
the  latter  place  until  the  20tli,  when  it  marched  across  the  Hols- 
ton  river  to  Russelville,  and  received  orders  to  build  winter 
quarters.  The  men  since  the  departure  of  the  regiment  from 
before  Chattanooga,  and  during  the  hard  marching  and  fighting 
up  to  the  time  of  their  arrival  at  Russelville,  had  suffered  severely 
for  clothing,  especially  for  shoes  and  blankets,  and  the  weather 
being  extremely  cold  in  that  region,  adding  to  which  the  contin- 
ued snow  and  rain,  showed  many  cases  of  real  misery  ;  but  the 
spirits  of  these  noble  sons  of  the  Empire  State  rose  proudly  above 
all  physical  suffering,  and  but  few  murmurs  were  ever  heard. 

The  men  went  to  work  with  a  will,  and  soon  had  some  very 
comfortable  cabins  erected,  just  in  time  for  the  Christmas  holi- 
days, and  it  is  almost  needless  to  add  that  this  mode  of  living 
was  duly  appreciated  by  all. 

The  regiment  remained  in  quarters  until  the  11th  of  February, 
when  it  moved  to  New  Market,  when  they  again  built  winter 
quarters,  and  there  remained  until  the  22d,  when  they  marched 
to  Greenville,  remaining  there  until  the  28tb  of  March,  when 
they  again  took  the  road  marching  for  Bristol,  where  they  arrived 
on  the  31  St. 

The  regiment  while  encamped  at  Greenville,  reerdisted xmani- 
mc/iisly  for  the  tear.  On  the  10th  of  April,  the  regiment  was 
placed  on  board  the  care,  and  transported  to  Charlottesville, 
Virginia.  From  thence  they  marched  to  Gordonsville,  and  from 
thence  to  the  battle  ground  of  the  Wilderness;  arriving  there 
just  in  lime  by  a  forced  march,  to  participate  in  the  memorable 
battle  fought  on  the  6th  of  May.  The  regiment  with  the 
remainder  of  Wofford's  Brigade,  went  into  the  fight  at  eight 
o'clock  in  the  morning,  and  very  soon  the  command  fonrard^ 
was  given,  and  in  a  few  moments,  the  leaden  messengers  of  death 
might  be  heard  whistling  through  the  ranks.      The  enemy  were 


20  HEROES  AND   MARTYRS  OF   GEORGIA. 

Stubborn,  and  refused  to  give  an  inch  of  ground.  Just  at  this 
time,  General  Woflbrd  asked  and  obtained  permission  to  make  a 
flank  movement  on  the  enemy's,  left,  "which  was  attended  with 
the  most  signal  and  triumphant  success.  Done  as  it  was,  with 
great  promptness  and  celerity  of  movement,  it  caused  the  utter 
rout  of  the  enemy  all  along  his  front,  thereby  turning  the  tide  of 
battle  in  favor  of  General  Lee. 

General  Wofford  merits  a  great  deal  of  credit  for  the  masterly 
manner  in  which  this  move  was  planned  and  carried  into 
execution.  The  regiment  lost  in  this  engagement,  seven  killed 
and  thirty-seven  wounded.  On  the  night  of  the  1th  of  May,  the 
regiment  marched  for  Spottsylvania  Court  House,  arriving  there 
at  eleven  o'clock,  on  the  morning  of  the  8th.  Although  the 
men  were  completely  exhausted,  they  were  immediately  put  into 
position  in  the  lines,  and  on  the  3  2th,  participated  in  the  battle 
known  as  the  Hor»e  Shoe,  during  which  the  Eighteenth  charged 
the  enemy,  and  retook  a  portion  of  the  fortifications.  The 
regiment  lost  in  this  battle,  ten  men  killed  and  thirty  wounded. 
After  some  fighting  and  marching,  the  regiment  reached  Coal 
Harbor,  and  there  on  the  1st  of  June,  was  engaged  in  the  battle 
known  by  that  name,  losing  four  men  killed  and  twenty-five 
wounded. 

Among  the  historic  regiBaents  of  Georgia  proudly  stands  the  battle-scarred 
Eighteenth.  Though  no  minstrel  has  timed  his  harp  to  sing  the  praises, 
though  not  seeking,  and  therefore  not  ol^taining  a  newspaper  reputation,  this 
noble  regiment  has  gained  a  name  which  will  live  through  all  future  time,  in 
the  memory  of  those  who  have  so  closely  watched  its  career  of  glory.  Twenty 
times  has  its  battle  flag,  the  glorious  Cross  of  the  Confederacy,  been  observed 
with  its  fiery  folds  flashing  brightly  over  as  many  gory  fields.  The  soil 
of  Vicginia  has  "drank,  deeply  drank"  the  life  blood  of  many  of  these 
noble  Georgians,  as  half  clad  and  freezing,  with  feet  bare  and  bleeding  at 
every  step,  they  plunged,  with  the  startling,  piercing,  enthusiastic  yell  of  the 
Southern  soldierj',  into  the  midst  of  the  fight,  driving  in  utter  rout,  the  well 
dressed  Federals  before  them.  The  sufferings  of  our  forefathers  at  the 
historic  Valley  Forge,  can  scarce  compare  with  the  sufferings  of  the  members 
of  this  and  other  regiments,  but  amid  all  their  privations,  when  hunger  with 
its  gnawing  pangs  attacked  them,  and  they  suffering  with  a  hundred  discom- 
forts, at  the  call  of  their  leader,  they  would  spring  to  their  arms,  and  rush 
into  the  midst  of  the  fray,  caring  for  nought  but  for  victory  to  again  perch 
upon  their  banners. 


'MM^»' 


SIXTH  REGIMENT 


GEORGIA    VOLUNTEERS 


The  Sixth  Georgia  was  organized  at  Atlanta,  Georgia,  on  the 
2'7th  day  of  May,  1861,  and  was  composed  of  the  following  com- 
panies : 


Company  A- 
Com]>any  B- 
Company  C- 
Couipany  D- 
Company  E- 
Company  F- 
Company  G- 
Company  H- 
Company  I- 
Company  K- 


-Hancock  County, 
-Dade 

-Houston         " 
-Butts 

-Crawford        " 
-Mitchell 
-Taylor 
-Baker 

-Twijrffs  "  • 

-Oglethorpe    " 


Captain  W.  M.  Arnold,    Commanding. 

Captain  John  G.  Hannah, 

Captain  C.  D.  Anderson, 

Captain  John  W.  Newton, 

Captain  Wilde  C.  Cleveland, 

Captain  E.  H.  Shackleford, 

Captain  John  T.  Griffin, 

Captain  A.  H.  Colquitt, 

Captain  John  A.  Barclay, 

Captain  John  T.  Loftin, 


STATISTICAL  REPORT, 


Number  of  men  orip;inally  enlisted, 
Number  of  recruits  and  conscripts. 


Total, 


724 

668 

1292 


Killed  in  action, 
Wounded, 
Died  of  disease, 
Discharged, 


Which  FhowB  a  logs  by  death  of 
To  which  add  discharged 


238 
639 
244 
189 

482 

189 

eTl  men. 


Making  a  total  Iobs  to  the  regiment  of    . 

Tliis  regiment  was  mustered  into  service  b)'  Majer  Elzey,  and 
was  the  first  from  tlie  iState  of  Georgia,*  and  I  believe  from  the 
Confederacy,  enlisted  for  the  war.  Cajilain  A.  it.  Colquitt  was 
elected  Colonel ;  Cajttain  J.  M.  Newton, Lieutenant  Colonel,  and 
Philemon  Tracy,  of  Bihb,  M.njor.  Private  W.  F.  Plane  was 
elected  Captain  of  Company  II,  and  First  Lieutenant  Lewis  J. 
Dupree  was  promoted  Captain  of  Company  D. 

*I  shall  give  the  history  of  this  regiment  in  the  language  of  Colonel  Loftin, 
itfl  commander. 


22  HEROES  AND    MARTYRS   OF   GEORGIA. 

The  regiment  at  once  proceeded  to  Richmond,  Virginia,  and 
at  that  place  received  orders  to  report  immediat-ely  to  Colonel  J. 
B.  Magruder,  at  Yorktown,  Virginia. 

On  the  4th  of  June,  1861,  six  days  before  the  battle  of  Bethel, 
we  reached  Yorktown.  Though  within  hearing  of  the  guns,  we 
did  not  participate  in  the- first  infantry  engagement  of  the  war. 
While  anxiously  awaiting  orders  to  join  our  comrades  on  the 
field,  intelligence  reached  us  that  our  arms  were  victorious,  and 
that  Butler  was  retreating  to  his  stronghold  at  Fortress  Monroe. 
We  were  stationed  at  Yorktown  from  June  4th,  1861,  until  the 
3d  of  May,  1862.  During  these  eleven  months,  with  the  excep- 
tion of  a  slight  skirmish,  the  Sixth  Georgia  did  no  fighting;  but 
by  thorough  drilling,  and  those  long  and  repeated  marches  by 
which  General  Magruder  threatened  first  one  point  and  then 
another,  and  thus,  by  artful  and  rapid  movements  with  an  incon- 
siderable force,  kept  a  large  and  formidable  army  inside  their  for- 
tifications, the  regiment  was  preparing  for  the  arduous  duties  and 
brilliant  achievements  of  the  future.  While  at  Yorktown  we 
lost  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  men ;  and  very  often  by  far 
the  greater  portion  of  the  regiment  was  prostrated  by  sickness. 
Many  of  the  diseases  were  incident  to,  and  inseparable  from, 
camp  life,  and  the  great  and  sudden'  change  in  the  mode  of 
living ;  but  in  my  judgment,  the  greater  part  had  their  origin  in 
defective  policing  of  the  camp.  Those  who  thus  died,  far  from 
their  kindred  and  their  homes,  deserve  not  less  the  love  and 
admiration  of  their  country,  than  those  who  fell  upon  the  field 
of  battle.  Hundreds  of  our  sick  were  removed  to  Gloucester 
county,  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  York ;  and  through  the 
unprecedented  attention  of  her  worthy  citizens,  the  lives  of  many 
were  saved.  Their  fathers,  mothers,  brothers  and  sisters  could 
not  have  treated  them  with  greater  kindness.  The  names  of  Dr. 
Jones  and  his  estimable  wife,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Baytop,  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Catlett,  Mr,  and  Mrs.  Stevens,  and  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Stubbs, 
and  others,  will  be  cherished  in  aifectionate  remembrance  as  long 
as  a  single  member  of  the  Sixth  Georgia  survives.  They  fully 
sustained  the  fai'-famed  reputation  of  the  Old  Dominion  for 
hospitality.  In  the  late  fiery  ordeal  through  which  the  citizens 
of  Gloucester  have  passed,  from  Yankee  invasion,  she  has  had 
the  cordial  sympathy  of  the  members  of  the  Sixth  Georgia,  and 
it  has  been  a  common  remark  in  the  regiment,  that  there  are  no 
people  in  the  defence  of  whose  homes  and  firesides  its  members 


SIXTH   GEOEGIA   BEGIMENT.  28 

would  sooner  pour  out  their  blood.  On  the  5th  of  April,  Gen- 
eral McClellan,  with  more  than  one  hundred  thousand  men,  -Nvas 
brought  to  a  halt  in  front  of  the  work  at  Yorktown,  by  the 
brave  and  dauntless  little  array  of  General  Magruder,  numbering 
not  more  than  nine  thousand.  On  the  16th,  the  Sixth  Georgia 
was,  for  the  first  time,  under  fire,  having  been  thrown  out  a» 
skirmishers,  a  few  hundred  yards  in  advance  of  the  works,  to 
discover  the  -precise  position  of  the  enemy,  II«re  Ave  liad 
three  men  wounded,  Dr.  James  M.  Montgomery,  of  Company 
H,  being  one  of  them,  and  the  first  man  ever  Mounded  in  the 
regiment.  After  the  arrival  of  General  Johnson's  army  at 
Yorktown,  we  were  temporarily  attached  to  a  brigade  com- 
manded by  Brigadier  General  Gabriel  J.  Rains,  of  torpedo 
notoriety,  and  placed  in  the  Division  of  General  D.  H.  Hill.  On 
the  3d  of  May,  with  General  Johnson's  army,  we  evacuated 
Yorktown  and  commenced  the  retreat,  which  after  great  suffer- 
ing and  privation,  ended  in  the  works  around  Richmond.  At 
no  time  during  the  war  has  the  Sixth  Georgia  suffered  as  it  did 
on  this  retreat.^  At  the  battle  of  Williatnsburg,  though  on  the 
field  we  did  not  engage  the  enemy.  We  reached  Richmond, 
broken  down  and  exhausted,  as  did  the  entire  army.  Fortu- 
nately for  the  cause  of  the  Confederacy,  General  McClellan  gave 
time  for  rest  and  to  revive  the  broken  spirits  of  the  troops:  and 
in  a  few  weeks  they  were  ready  and  anxious  to  drive  back  the 
invaders. 

In  the  battle  of  Seven  Pines,  on  the  31st  of  May,  the  regiment 
was  for  the  first  time,  heavily  engaged  with  the  enemy.  The 
right  companies  sustained  very  heavy  loss  in  this  action.  We 
lost  besides  many  other  gallant  soldiers,  Adjutant  James  Reid,  a 
young  man  of  thefinest  promise,  an  elegant  scholar,  a  brave  soldier, 
and  one  who  had  endeared  himself  to  the  entire  regiment,  bv 
his  gentlemanly  deportment,  unostentatious  manners,  and  kind 
and  noble  heart.  This  is  the  only  battle  in  which  Colonel 
Colquitt  commanded  the  reiginent,  as  shortly  afterward  he  was 
placed  in  command  of  the  brigade,  and  subserjucntly  received, 
after  the  battle  of  Sharpsbiirg,  the  well  merited  appointment  of 
Brigadier  General.  From  the  b.ittle  of  Seven  Pines,  until  the 
26th  of  June,  the  regiment  was  quietly  encamped  on  the 
Williamsburg  road,  al»out  four  miles  from  Riclmiond  ;  at  which 
time,  under  the  command  of  Lieutenant  Colonel  J.  M.  Newton,  it 
broke  up  camp,  preparatory  for  the  great  battles  around  Rich- 


24  HEROES  AND   MARTYRS   OF   GEORGIA. 

mond.  By  ten  o'clock,  A.  M.,  of  tlie  26tli  of  June,  after  a  march 
of  about  ten  miles,  we  halted  in  sight  of  Mechanicsville,  and 
impatiently  listened  for  the  guns,  that  were  to  inaugurate  the 
battles  upon  which  the  fate  of  Richmond  depended. 

About  four  P.  M.,  the  battle  commenced,  but  it  was  not  until 
dark,  that  our  front  was  cleared  at  Meadow  Bridge,  by  the 
brave  command  of  General  A.  P.  Hill,  and  we  crossed  over  and 
rested  for  the  night  on  the  field  of  battle,  from  which  the  enemy 
had  been  driven.  They  had,  however,  retreated  but  a  short 
distance,  and  at  daylight,  could  be  seen  in  great  force,  and 
strongly  fortified  on  the  road  about  one  mile  from  Mechanicsville. 
While  expecting  orders  to  move  forward  and  charge  the  enemy, 
General  Jackson's  columns  moved  upon  his  right  flank,  and 
forced  him  to  abandon  his  strong  position,  with  but  slight  loss 
on  our  part.  Though  not  engaged,  we  had  a  few  casualties  in 
the  Sixth. 

The  road  being  cleared,  we  at  once  moved  on  towards  the 
bloody  field  of  Cold  Harbor,  under  a  burning  sun.  We  marched 
rapidly,  and  reached  the  battle-field  about  one^  o'clock  in  the 
afternoon.  Under  a  hot  fire  from  the  batteries  on  the  adjacent 
hills,  we  were  thrown  first  on  one  part  of  the  lines,  and  then  on 
the  other,  as  the  enemy  seemed  to  be  concentrating  upon  one 
or  the  other  points.  At  last  we  were  ordered  forward  and  soon 
met  the  foe.  With  a  shout,  our  boys  charged,  and  the  enemy 
gave  way  until  reinforced  by  a  second  line  of  battle,  when  we 
were  halted,  and  with  our  thinned  ranks,  fought  most  desperately 
for  more  than  two  hours.  Just  at  this  time,  reinforcements  were 
sent  to  our  relief,  and  mistaking  us  for  the  enemy,  poured  a 
desperate  volley  into  our  rear.  Even  under  the  concentrated  fire 
from  friend  and  foe,  our  shattered  ranks  stood  unbroken.  The 
reinforcements  swept  by,  driving  the  enemy  before  them. 
Darkness  coming  on,  under  order,  we  retired  a  few  hundred 
yards  to  the  rear,  and  slept  upon  our  arms.  Our  loss  in  this 
battle  was  exceedingly  heavy;  the  casualties  numbered  more 
than  two  hundred  killed  and  wounded,  being  fully  half  the 
number  carried  into  action. 

Next  morning,  our  line  was  as  distinctly  marked  by  the  dead, 
as  it  was  the  evening  before,  by  the  living.  For  three  days,  we 
remained  near  Cold  Harbor,  and  on  the  third  day,  crossed 
McClellan's  Bridge,  and  hastened  on,  until  checked  by  the 
enemy's  batteries  at  White  Oak  Swamp.    At  this  place,-  a  heavy 


SIXTH  GEORGIA  REGIMENT.  26 

artillery  duel  took  place,  which  lasted  nntil  night,  with  but  little 
loss  on  our  side.  Next  morning  the  enemy  were  gone.  Being 
the  Ist  day  of  July,  1862,  we  moved  forward  to  the  disastrous 
field  of  Malvern  Hill,  where  our  gallant  soldiers  were  expected 
to  accomplish  what  Napoleon  with  his  victorious  legions  would 
hardly  liave  attempted. 

About  six  o'clock  in  the  afternoon,  the  Sixth  Georgia  went 
into  the  fight ;  and  as  we  were  moved  forward,  the  regiment 
was  detached  from  the  brigade,  by  order  of  General  D.  11.  Hill, 
and  filing  to  the  right,  formed  line  of  battle  under  a  murderous 
fire  of  shell,  grape,  canister,  and  minuie  balls.  The  regiment 
advanced  without  any  support,  right  and  left,  as  far  as  could  be 
seen,  through  an  open  field,  to  within  good  range,  and  opened 
fire  Upon  the  enemy,  under  certainly  the  most  terrific  fire  that 
ever  shook  the  hills  of  Virginia.  In  a  few  moments,  our  regiment 
to  the  last  man,  Would  have  been  swept  down,  when  fortunately 
for  us,  a  brigade  of  another  division,  moved  up  to  our  right,  and 
drew  the  destructive  fire  upon  themselves.  At  each  volley  they 
fell  by  scores,  and  large  gaps  were  made  in  their  ranks.  The 
bravest  men  the  world  has  ever  seen,  could  not  have  accomplished 
tlie  task  before  them ;  |ind  the  brigade  broke  in  confusion,  and 
our  little  baud  once  more  stood  alone.  But  before  tlie  guns 
were  turned  upon  us,  orders  camo  to  fall  back,  and  in  some 
confusion,  the  regiment  did  so.  Throughout  this  battle,  our 
worthy  Chaplain,  Alexander  M.  Tliigpen,  bore  himself  most 
gallantly,  evincing  a  courage  and  patriotism  in  the  cause  of  the 
Confederacy,  only  surpassed  by  his  zeal  and  devotion  in  the  cause 
of  his  Master.  On  this  day  many  others  distinguished  themselves 
by  their  coolness  and  cotirage,  but  the  list  is  too  long  to 
enumerate.  k 

Tlie  regiment  was  encamped  near  Richmond  tintil  the  8th  day 
of  August,  1862  ;  when  with  a  portion  of  General  D.  II.  IlilPn 
Division,  it  moved,  under  command  of  General  Ripley,  to  Orange 
Court  House,  and  after  remaining  at  this  place  a  few  days, 
marched  to  Manassas,  reaching  there  the  day  after  the  battle  in 
which  the  great  braggart,  Poj>e,  was  so  severely  handled. 

About  September  2d,  we  rejoined  the  main  army  near  Centre- 
ville,  marching  by  way  of  Leesburg,  to  Frederick,  Maryland, 
and  reached  that  pl.ace  on  the  6th,  The  army  only  remained  four 
days  at  Frederick  City,  at  the  expiration  of  which  time,  General 
I).  H.  Hill's  Division  moved  to  South  Mountain  or  Boonsboro. 


25  HEROES  AND  MARTYRS  OF  GEORGIA. 

In  the  battle  which  took  place  here  on  the  14th,  General  D.  H, 
Hill's  Division  alone,  for  many  hours,  held  at  least  seventy 
thousand  of  the  Federal  troops  at  bay.  The  Sixth  Georgia  was 
very  slightly  engaged,  the  enemy  not  attempting  to  pass  our 
itnmediate  front,  holding  as  we  did,  a  very  strong  position  in  a 
dense  woods,  in  a  gorge  of  a  mountain.  On  the  night  of  the 
14th,  our  forces  fell  back  to  Sharpsburg;  and  on  the  17th  of 
September,  fought  one  of  the  bloodiest  battles  of  the  war. 

The  battle  opened  at  early  dawn,  and  in  a  few  moments,  the 
Sixth  Georgia  was  in  the  hottest  of  the  fight.  For  several  hours, 
the  regiment  fought  as  bravely  as  ever  men  fought,  and  held  their 
ground  until  none  were  left  to  hold  it.  Our  loss  on  this 
field  was  almost  incredible.  We  went  into  the  battle  with  not 
more  than  two  hundred  and  fifty  men ;  and  of  this  number, 
eighty-one  were  left  dead  on  the  field,  one  hundred  and  fifteen 
were  wounded,  and  about  thirty  taken  prisoners.  Here  fell 
Lieutenant  Colonel  Newton,  a  good  man,  a  most  excellent 
soldier.  Without  military  education,  his  aptitude  for  everything 
pertaining  to  the  military,  his  dignity  of  character,  his  iron  will, 
his  stern  sense  of  justice,  made  him  not  only  an  efficient,  but  a 
popular  officer.  He  possessed  that  rare  faculty,  the  result  of  a 
happy  combination  of  moral  and  mental  traits,  that  enabled  him  to 
exact  implicit  obedience  to  every  order,  and  at  the  same  time,  to 
win  the  respect  and  affection  of  his  soldiers.  Here,  too,  fell  the 
chivalric,  elegant  and  gifted  Major  Phil  Tracy.  His  eloquence 
had  done  no  little  to  rouse  the  people  of  the  state  to  secession. 
Though  physical  infirmities  rendered  him  unfit  for  active  field 
service,  he  was  among  the  first  to  step  forward  and  offer  his  life 
in  defence  of  his  country.  All  vicissitudes  of  time,  whether  of 
prosperity  or  adversity,  iad  left  his  pure  heart  as  guileless  as  a 
child's.  He  was  magnanimous,  and  liberal  to  a  fault,  and  all 
who  knew  him  loved  him.  He  fell  universally  mourned  by  the 
whole  regiment;  for  all  felt  that  a  generous,  brave  and  patriotic 
heart  had  ceased  to  beat. 

If  space  permitted,  there  are  others  to  whom  I  would  gladly 
.  refer,  and  who  are  worthy  of  any  tribute  which  could  be  paid  to 
their  memories.  Plane,  Hannah,  Jordan,  McCants,  Bartlett, 
Floyd,  Wimberly  and  Reid,  all  sleep  in  glory,  sacrificed  upon 
the  hard  fought  field  of  Sharpsburg.  After  this  battle.  Captain 
Loftin  was  promoted  to  the  position  of  Colonel,  Captain  Cleveland 
to  Lieutenant  Colonel,  and  Captain  Anderson  to  the  rank  of 


%  SIXTH  GEORGIA  REGIMENT.  27 

Major.  About  this  time  the  brigade,  commanded  by  Brigadier 
General  Colquitt,  was  composed,  of  the  following  regiments: 
Sixth,  Twenty-third,  Twenty-seventh,  and  Twenty-eighth  Geor- 
gia, and  the  Thirteenth  Alabama.  Soon  after,  the  Thirteenth 
Alabama  was  exchanged  for.  the  Nineteenth  Georgia  Regiment. 

On  the  19th  of  September,  the  regiment  with  the  entire  army 
recrossed  the  Potomac,  and  encamped  in  the  vicinity  of  Win- 
chester, until  about  the  25th  of  October ;  at  which  time  it 
marched  to  Charlestown,  and  aided  in  tearing  up  the  Winchester 
and  Harper's  Ferry  railroad.  On  the  morning  of  the  3d  of 
November,  we  waded  the  Shenandoah,  and  halted  for  a  few  days 
at  Paris  Gap.  On  the  5th  marched  to  Front  Royal ;  recrossed 
the  Shenandoah  on  the  night  of  the  lib,  in  a  snow  storm ;  and 
arrived  at  Strasburg  on  the  11th  of  November.  The  regiment 
was  emjtloyed  a  few  days  in  tearing  up  the  Manassas  Gap 
railroad,  and  leaving  on  the  16th,  marched  to  Gordonsville,  by 
way  of  New  Market,  which  place  we  reached  on  the  2l8t. 
About  the  25th  of  November  wc  reached  Port  Royal,  and  were 
inactive  until  the  13th  of  December,  on  which  day  we  participated 
in  the  first  battle  of  Fredericksburg.  In  this  battle  the  regiment 
lost  but  few  men. 

W^e  spent  the  winter  on  the  Rappahannock,  about  four  milefi 
from  the  ill-fated  city  of  Fredericksburg.  The  time  was  spent 
in  drilling,  and  fully  equipping  the  troops  for  the  coming 
campaign.  General  Lee  neglected  nothing  that  was  conducive 
to  the  thorough  discipline  and  orgahization  of  the  army.  Five 
out  of  every  twcjity  days,  were  spent  as  pickets  on  the  banks  of 
the  Rajipahannock,  oj)posite  the  splendid  rewdence  of  Mr.  Seddon, 
brother  to  the  present  Secretary  of  War,  which  has  recently  bpen 
burned  to  the  ground,  by  order  of  Butler,  the  Beast.  On  the 
29th  day  of  Aj»ril,  1863,  broke  up  camps  and  marched  to 
Fredericksburg.  Early  on  the  morning  of  May  2d,  we  com-  . 
menced  under  General  Stonewall  Jackson,  the  flank  movement 
to  the  enemy's  right,  which  proved  so  disastrous  to  them,  and 
sent  the  Eleventh  Corps  of  General  Hooker  with  several  others, 
panic-stricken  to  the  bank  of  the  river.  Attached  to  General 
Jackson's  Corps,  General  Colquitt's  Brigade  moved  first,  left  in 
front,  which  threw  the  Sixth  Georgia  at  the  head  of  the  brigade. 
General  Jackson  rode  at  the  head  of  the  column  and  personally 
superintended  everything.  Everything  which  was  done  to 
facilitate  the  movements  of  the  corps,  was   done   under  big 


28  HEROES  AND   MAETYRS  OF  GEORGIA.   ^ 

immediate  oye.  He  would  direct  us  to  the  best  place  for 
makinsj  the  most  insignificant  crossing,  and  would  not  leave  until 
it  was  completed.  ISTo  doubt,  this  personal  attention  to  every- 
thing concerning  his  corps,  had  much  to  do  Avith  his  wonderful 
success.* 

About  an  hour  by  sun,  the  corps  had  formed  line  of  battle  at 
what  is  called  the  Wilderness,  and  on  the  right  flank  of  General 
Hooker's  army.  The  order  forward  was  given,  and  through  the 
thick  undergrowth  which  was  almost  impassable,  with  shouts  and 
yells,  the  corps  rushed  on.  The  pickets  were  encountered,  and 
crave  way  at  once.  The  Yankee  line  of  battle  stood  but  little 
longer  than  the  pickets ;  and  in  a  few  moments,  the  whole  mass 
was  flying  in  the  utmost  dismay  and  confusion.  The  enemy- 
were  preparing  for  supper,  and  were  not  in  the  least  expecting 
an  .attack ;  and  in  ray  opinion,  darkness  alone  saved  the  army  of 
General  Hooker  from  utter  destruction.  All  night  we  remained 
in  line  of  battle.  About  ten  o'clock,  it  began  to  be  whispered 
from  one  to  another,  that  General  Jackson  was  mortally  wounded  ;• 
and  though  every  efibrt  was  made  to  conceal  the  fact  from  the 
corps,  .there  were  few  who  by  morning,  had  not  learned  the 
sad  intelligence. 

Another  secret  of  the  success  of  this  great  and  good  man,  was 
that  he  always  attacked  the  enemy  when  and  where  he  least 
expected  an  attack.  I  do  not  mean  any  imputation  upon  those 
who  assumed  the  command  after  General  Jackson  left  the  field, 
but  it  was  apparent  to  the  most  superficial  observer,  that  the^ 
corps  did  not  move  with  the  same  buoyant,  propd  stop,  with  the 
same  air  of  confidence  and  triumph,  as  when  their  great  leader 
was  at  the  head  of  the  column,  and  when  they  could  now  and 
then  catch  a  gleam  of  his  eagle  eye. 

The  next  day  the  regiment  fought  near  the  Chancellorsville 
.  honse,  going  into  the  fight  about  ten  o^clock,  and  driving  the- 
enemy  with  little  difficulty  about  a  mile.  We  held  their  line  until, 
the  fighting  ceased,  and  about  four  o'clock  retired  to  the  rear. 
In  the  two  battles  of  the  Wilderness  and  Chancellorsville,  the 
loss  of  the  regiment  was  not  heavy.  The  casualties  in  both 
amounted  to  not  more  than  fifty  killed  and  wounded.  ,  Hooker,, 
whipped  and  baflfled  by  General  Lee,  recrossed  the  Rappahan- 
nock ;  and  on  the  6th  of  May  the  regiment  rested  in  its  old. 
camp.  Here  it  remained  until  about  the  20th  of  the  same  month,, 
when  it  Wfifi  ordered  to  Kingston,  North  Carolina;  at  whick 


SIXTH   GEORGIA  REGIMENT.  29 

point  it  was  stationed  until  the  2d  of  July,  wlien  it  was  ordered 
to  Kichraond,  and  on  the  9th  started  for  Charleston,  South 
Carolina.  We  arrived  at  Charleston  on  the  13th,  and  had  a 
slight  skirmish  on  James  Island  on  the  16th.  While  at  Charles- 
ton, from  the  13th  of  July  until  February  9th,  1864,  the  regiment 
did  much  duty,  bearing  its  full  share  of  all  the  dangerous  and 
arduous  work  at  Battery  Wagner  and  Fort  Sumter.  At  both 
places  we  lost  some  of  our  best  soldiers. 

On  the  20th  of  January,  1864,  Lieutenant  Colonel  Anderson 
having  resigned,  ]\[ajor  Arnold  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of 
Lieuten.ant  Colonel,  having  previously  been  appointed  Major  on 
the  resignation  of  Lieutenant  Colonel  Cleveland,  June  16th,  1863. 
On  the  9th  of  February  the  regiment,  in  advance  of  the  brigade, 
left  Charleston  for  Savannah,  Georgia,  and  on  the  next  day 
received  orders  to  report  to  General  Finnegan,  at  Lake  City, 
Florida,  which  place  we  reached  on  the  14th  of  February.  On 
the  iTth  we  rejoined  the  brigade  at  Olustee,  and  on  the  20th 
engaged  in  the  battle  of  Ocean  Pond.  In  this  engagement  the 
regiment  was  detached  from  the  brigade,  and  fought  on  the 
extreme  left,  of  the  line  of  battle. 

Whether  we  consider  the  great  disparity  of  numbers,  or  the 
result  attained,  this  was  one  of  the  finest  victories  of  the  war. 
With  not  more  than  (3500)  thirty-five  hundred  men,  wo 
whipped  and  completely  routed  nearly  three  times  that  number. 
The  battle  lasted  for  four  hours ;  and  at  one  time,  for  at  least 
half  an  hour,  the  regiment  was  without  ammunition,  except  as  it 
was  obtained  from  the  cartridge  boxes  of  the  killed  and  wounded. 
Tender  a  heavy  fire  the  regiment  stood  its  ground,  not  giving  an 
inch.  When  almost  the  last  round  of  ammunition  was  expended, 
and  the  bravest  began  to  despair,  a  supply  of  ammunition  was 
received.  ,  About  this  time  a  portion  of  Colquitt's  Brigade,  that 
had  been  held  in  reserve,  came  up,  and  our  entire  line  pressed 
forward  with  a  shout.  The  enemy  gave  way  before  our  invincible 
column,  and  in  a  few  moments  was  completely  routed.  A» 
evidence  of  their  great  demoralization,  the  enemy  passed  through 
Sanderson,  ten  miles  below  the  b.attlefield,  in  utter  disorder, 
every  man  taking  care  of  himself,  and  did  not  halt  until  tlwjr 
reached  Saint  Mary's,  eighteen  miles  below  Olustee.  In  thi» 
battle  as  in  the  skirmishes  on  James  Island,  we  met  negro  troops. 
The  casualties  in  the  regiment  at  Ocean  Pond,  m  ere  seven  (7) 
killed  and  fifty-five  (55)  wounded.      The  loss  in  tlie  brigade  wa& 


80  HEROES  AND   MARTYRS  OF  GEORGIA. 

very  slight,  while  that  of  the  enemy  could  not  have  been  less 
than  twenty-five  hundred. 

This  battle  by  a  single  blow,  ended  the  campaign  in  Florida, 
and  saved  the  State.  General  Colquitt  directed  all  naoves  upon 
the  field.  On  the  18th  of  April  the  regiment  left  Florida,  and 
on  the  24th,  arrived  at  James  Island,  South  Carolina.  On  the 
8th  of  May  left  Charleston,  and  arrived  at  Petersburg,  Virginia, 
on  the  11th.  On  the  16th  of  May,  the  regiment  under  the 
command  of  Lieutenant  Colonel  Arnold,  fought  most  gallantly 
at  the  battle  of  Drewry's  BlufT,  Colonel  Loftin  being  in  command 
of  a  portion  of  Colquitt's  Brigade,  composed  of  the  Sixth, 
Nineteenth,  and  Twenty-third  Georgia  Regiments,  the  Twenty- 
seventh  and  Twenty-eighth  Regiments  not  having  arrived  from 
Petersburg.  General  Beauregard  with  about  eighteen  thousand 
men  attacked  and  defeated  General  Butler,  who,  as  the  corres- 
pondents from  his  army  stated,  had  forty  thousand  men  and  was 
besides  strongly  fortified.  General  Colquitt,  though  I  believe  the 
junior  Brigadier  present,  commanded  a  reserve  force  of  his  own 
and  another  brigade.  Early  in  the  day  the  Sixth  Georgia,  with 
the  other  regiments  of  the  brigade,  was  ordered  to  the  extreme 
left  to  suppoi't  General  Ransom,  who  had  partially  succeeded  in 
turning  the  enemy's  right  flank.  The  brigade  at  once  moved 
over  the  works,  and  for  a  mile  drove  back  the  enemy,  forcing 
him  at  every  point  of  that  distance  to  abandon  his  entrenchments. 
Our  victory  at  Drewry's  Blufi"  was  complete ;  but  from  some 
cause,  as  has  usually  been  the  case  in  this  war,  we  failed  to  reap 
the  fruits.  The  regiment  lost  in  this  battle,  twelve  killed  and 
eighty-two  wounded. 

On  the  31st  of  May  we  reached  Cold  Harbor  on  the  north  side 
of  the  James  River,  and  took  position  within  a  few  hundred 
yards  of  the  very  spot  upon  which  the  regiment  had  fought  on 
the  2'7th  of  June,  1862.  On  the  1st  and  3d  of  June  the  enemy 
charged  our  works.  On  the  1  st  they  did  not  come  nearer  than 
three  or  four  hundred  yards,  but  on  the  3d  their  efibrt  was  a 
more  serious  one.  On  this  day  the  regiment  that  charged  in 
front  of  the  Sixth  Georgia,  lost,  as  we  were  subsequently 
informed  under  flag  of  truce,  by  one  of  their  own  officers,  eight 
hundred  and  sixty  (860)  men. 

Our  men  were  perfectly  cool  and  deliberate,  and  almost  every 
shot  brought  down  its  man.  The  ground  in  front  of  our  works 
for  a  hundred  yards,  was  literally  covered  with  the  dead  and 


SIXTH  GEORGIA   REGIMENT.  SI 

wounded.  On  the  3d  of  June  the  regiment  left,  Cold  Harbor, 
and  on  the  15th  reached  Petersburg.  On  the  16th  the  enemy 
made  a  feeble  effort  to  charge  our  line,  but  a  few  well  directed 
volleys  broke  their  ranks.  From  the  15th  of  June  up  to  the 
present,  August  14th,  with  short  intervals  of  rest,  the  regiment 
has  been  in  the  trenches  under  fire,  and  during  that  time  has  lost 
twenty-four  killed  and  eighty  wounded.  Day  by  day,  two, 
three,  and  even  greater  numbers  would  be  killed  or  wounded. 
Some  of  our  best  military  men  think,  above  everything  else, 
that  this  campaign  in  the  trenches  has  tested  the  courage,  endu- 
rance and  patriotism  of  our  soldiers. 

On  the  lih  of  July  Lieutenant  Colonel  Arnold  was  killed  in 
the  trenches  by  a  mortar  shell  from  the  enemy.  Of  all  the  noble 
and  brave  men  who  have  given  their  lives  to  their  country  in 
this  gigantic  struggle  for  liberty,  no  braver  or  nobler  man  has 
fallen  than  Lieutenant  Colonel  Arnold.  Gallant  and  fearless  to 
a  fault,  these  were  the  least  of  his  virtues.  He  was  the  very 
soul  of  all  that  was  honorable  and  true,  and  in  a  word,  possessed 
in  the  highest  degree,  all  the  attributes  that  mark  those  few  noble 
men  who  are  an  honor  to  their  race,  and  who  enrich  the  earth 
by  their  presence. 

After  Lieutenant  Colonel  Arnold  was  pryraoted  to  the  Lieu- 
tenant Colonelcy  of  the  regiment,  the  office  of  Major  was  vacant. 
Captain  Harris  has  been,  since  his  death,  promoted  to  the 
Lieutenant  Colonelcy,  and  Captain  Culpepper  has  been  promoted 
to  the  rank  of  Major. 

The  Sixth  Georgia  Regiment  has  at  no  time  failed  to  charge 
the  enemy  when  ordered  ;  nor  has  it  in  a  single  instance  fled  in 
the  face  of  the  foe.  It  has  had  no  minstrel  to  sing  its  praises, 
and  chooses  to  stand  alone  upon  its  merits.  It  has  been 
complimented  in  the  highest  terms  by  Generals  D,  H.  Hill  and 
Beauregard,  the  Generals  under  whom  with  one  exception,  it  has 
fought  all  its  battles.  General  Hill,  who  rarely  compliments  any 
one,  endorsed  upon  an  application  for  furlough  from  this  regiment, 
these  words:  "Approved,  because  the  Sixth  Georgia  R^^giraent 
h.as  asked  but  few  favors,  and  has  acted  nobly  upon  every  battle 
field."  General  Beauregard  made  a  similar  endorsement  upon  a 
similar  application.  From  the  organization  of  the  regiment  up 
to  the  present  time,  the  Sixth  Georgia  has  lost  two  hundred  and 
thirty-eight  killed,  and  six  hundred  and  thirty-nine  wounded. 


32  HEROES  AND   MARTYKS   OF   GEORGIA. 

Whatever  may  be  the  future  history  of  the  regiment,  its  past  at 

least  is  secure. 

Since  the  above  was  written,  the  Sixth  Georgia  has  been  again 
engaged  on  the  —  instant,  at  David's  Farm,  on  or  near  the 
Weldon  raih-oad.  The  regiment  carried  into  action  two  hundred 
and  fifty  guns,  and  lost  one  killed,  and  thirty-one  wounded  and 
prisoners.  It  captured  one  thousand  prisoners,  four  stand  of 
colors,  one  Brigadier  General  and  Staff,  Avith  many  stands  of 
small  arras. 

In  February,  John  F.  Cousins  was  appointed^  Ensign,  with 
rank  of  First  Lieutenant,  on  account  of  distinguished  gallantry. 


NINETEENTH  REGIMENT 

GEORGIA  VOLUNTEERS. 


Thb  record  of  this  regiment  is  furnished  me  up  to  the  second 
day  of  August,  1864,  Owing  to  the  absence  of  the  regimental 
books,  Colonel  Keal  has  been  unable  to  furnish  me  with  correct 
statistical  matter.  I  can,  hawever,  thanks  to  a  report  the  gallant 
Colonel  sent  me  from  camp,  written  in  Florida,  make  a  correct 
report  of  the  casualties  occurring  in  battle.  Owing  to  the 
incessant  changes  in  position,  and  long  marches  of  the  Nineteenth, 
it  has,  no  doubt,  like  many  other  Georgia  regiments,  lost  its 
regimental  book.  I  make  this  statement,  however,  upon  my  own 
authority,  and  may  be  mistaken.  I  will  here  make  the  statement, 
found  in  the  preface,  that  this  report  was  written  in  the  trenches 
around  Petersburg,  amid  an  incessant  cannonade,  with  no  facili- 
ties whatever  for  writing. 

The  following  are  the  statistics  of  the  regiment,  allowing  five 
wounded  for  each  one  killed,  since  the  battle  of  Ocean  Pond : 

Strength  of  regiment  since  organization,       .         .         1,258 


Killed  in  battle, 

184 

Wounded,      ....... 

630 

Discharged,             ...... 

170 

Died,  up  to  March  26th,  1864, 

253 

Showing  a  real  loss  of      ...         . 

607 

Showing  number  of  deaths  to  be,     . 

437 

This  loss  would  of  course  be  augnicntcd,  if  I  could  obtain  the  number  of 
deaths  in  the  repimf-nt,  since  March  26th. 

The  above  Btat^-mcnt  is  not  of  course  ptrictly  correct;  but  I  will  &fr&\n  fay, 
thai,  that  part  of  it  which  is  incorrect,  is  made  upon  the  authority  of  DO 
one  but  myself. 

On  the  11th  day  of  June,  1861,  the  Nineteenth  Regiment  of 
Georgia  Volunteers,  was  mustered  into  the  service  of  the  Stat» 
of  Georgia,  as  the  Second  Regiment,  Fourth  Brigade,  of  Georgia 
State  Troops,  with  the  following  field  officers:  "VV.  W.  Boyd, 
Colonel;  Thomas  C.  Johnson,  Lieutenant  Colontl;  and  A.  J. 
HutchinB,  Major. 
■ 


84  HEROES  AND   MARTYRS  OF  GEORGIA. 

The  regiment  was  put  into  camp  of  instruction,  at  Camp 
McDonald,  and  remained  there  until  the  2d  day  of  August,  1861, 
at  which  time  the  brigade  was  disbanded,  and  the  regiment 
transferred  to  the  Confederate  States,  and  ordered  to  Lynchburg, 
Virginia.  At  that  time  the  measles  made  their  appearance  in 
camp,  and  raged  so  violently  in  the  Nineteenth  Georgia,  as  to 
render  it,  for  the  period  of  six  we'eks,  almost  totally  uniit  for  duty. 

On  the  15th  day  of  September  the  regiment  reached  Manassas 
Junction,  and  did  ordinary  garrison  service  at  that  place,  until 
the  15th  of  December,  at  which  time  it  was  attached  to  the 
Brigade  of  Brigadier  General,  now  Major  General  Hampton,  and 
ordered  to  Occognon,  to  protect  ^he  right  flank  of  General 
Johnson's  army,  then  at  Cartersville.  At  this  place,  the  regiment 
did  picket  and  fatigue  duty,  during  the  winter,  and  were  in  two 
or  three  skirmishes  with  the  enemy ;  in  one  of  which,  near 
Polwick  Church,  considerable  damage  was  done  the  enemy,  and 
one  man  of  Company  K,  wounded,  which  was  the  first  wound 
ever  received  in  the  regiment. 

On  the  10th  of  March,  1862,  the  whole  army  abandoned  its 
position  in  front  of  the  enemy.  Hampton's  Brigade  retreated  to 
Fredericksburg,  a  distance  of  forty-five  miles,  and  was  there 
attached  to  General  Whiting's  Division.  Nothing  occurred  at 
•this  place,  until  the  10th  of  April,  when  the  forces  about  Fred- 
ericksburg took  up  the  line  of  march  for  Torktown. 

The  weather  was  very  inclement.  The  streams  very  much 
swollen,  and  the  snow  and  rflin  rapidly  falling,  soon  brought 
about  a  scene  of  misery  hard  to  delineate.  Many  men  becoming 
thoroughly  exhausted  upon  the  line  of  march,  were  left  at  the 
farm  houses  along  the  road,  or  sent  to  hospitals.  The  army 
reached  Milford  Station  on  the  second  day,  and  then  proceeded 
by  railroad  to  Ashland.  From  this  place,  the  regiment  again 
took  up  the  line  of  march  for  Yorktown  on  the  15th,  and  after 
a  successful  and  pleasant  march  of  four  days,  went  into  encamp- 
ment at  Eagle  Farm,  near  that  place.  General  Whiting's  was 
one  of  the  reserve  divisions  at  Yorktown,  so  that  the  regiment 
had  no  active  duty  to  perform.  On  the  3d  day  of  May,  York- 
.town  was  evacuated,  and  the  retreat  to  Richmond  began;  and 
here  also,  the  real  hardships,  privations  aftd  dangers,  began. 
General  Whiting's  Division  was  the  rear  guard  of  the  army  much 
of  the  time. 

While  the  battle  of  Williamsburg  was  being  fought,  the.divi- 


NINETEENTH  GEORGIA  REGIMENT.  35 

sion  was  pushed  rapidly  forward  to  West  Point,  to  prevent  the 
enemy,  who  was  landing  there,  from  cutting  off  the  retreat  of 
the  army.  This  re<ximeut  jtarticnlarly,  together  with  the  balance 
of  Hampton's  l^rigade,  engaged  tlie  enemy  near  West  Point, 
about  the  12th  of  INtay,  and  held  them  in  check,  until  the  army 
filed  past,  and  then,  at  one  o'clock  in  the  morning,  resumed  the 
retreat,  under  cover  of  the  darkness,  to  Richmond.  Hampton's 
Brigade  was  in  the  rear,  and  was  frequently  formed  in  line  of 
battle,  to  repel  the  threatened  attacks  of  the  enemy,  who  closely 
pursued  us.  The  weather. was  intensely  cold,  and  the  roads 
as  rough  and  muddy  as  possible.  Rations  were  very  short,  and 
indeed,  every  discomfort  the  vocabulary  could  name  for  a  retreat- 
ing army  prevailed. 

The  retreat  from  Yorktown  is  still  referred  to  in  the  regiment, 
as  the  greatest  hardships  this  army  has  ever  experienced,  bear- 
ing the  Chickahoniiny,  Whiting's  Division  was  again  hurried  to 
the  front,  and  halted  for  four  days,  while  the  whole  array  filed 
past,  and  then  fell  in  the  rear,  and  crossed  the  river  last  of  all, 
at  three  o'clock,  on  a  dark,  rainy,  stormy  morning,  after  standing 
in  the  road  all  night.  Three  days  after  the  regiment  went  into 
camp,  near  Richmond. 

The  regiment  lost  a  large  number  of  men  from  disease,  con- 
tracted on  the  retreat  from  Yorktown.  Many  recruits  had  just 
come  in,  and  were,  of  course,  subject  to  all  camp  diseases. 
Others,  old  members  of  the  regiment,  were  suffering  from  the 
effects  of  measles,  and  the  systems  of  all  were  so  affected,  as  to 
render  them  peculiarly  liable  to  contract  disease,  from  the  malaria 
arising  from  the  Cliickahominy  swamp,  where  we  were  encamped 
for  the  enstiing  six  weeks.  Men  died  rapidly,  and  nearly  all 
were  mur-h  debilitated  by  the  "  soldier's  scourge,"  camp  diarrhoea. 

On  the  last  day  of  May  the  regiment  participated  in  the  battle 
of  Seven  Pines,  engaging  the  extreme  right  of  the  enemy ;  but 
after  three  unsuccessful  charges,  the  division  fell  back  at  nine 
o'clock  at  night.  The  losses  in  this  regiment  in  this  battle,  was 
about  forty  men  killed  and  wounded.  After  this  battle,  the 
Nineteenth  Georgia  was  transferred  into  Archer's  Brigade,  A.  P. 
Hill's  Light  l^ivision,  and  performed  the  usual  picket  and  fatigue 
duties,  in  the  Cliickahominy  swamp,  until  the  26th  of  June,  on 
which  day  it  went  into  the  battle  of  Mechanicsville,  with  about 
four  hundred  men.  In  this  battle  the  regiment  distinguished 
itself,  and  was  highly  complimented  by  General  Archer,  whose 


86         HEROES  AND  MARTYRS  OF  GEORGIA. 

character,  as  a  stern,  exacting,  brave  officer,  rendered  his  compli- 
ments expressive  of  something.  The  regiment  lost  in  this  battle, 
one  hundred  and  eighty -five  men.  The  next  day  it  was  engaged 
in  the  battle  of  Gaines'  Mill,  and  did  its  whole  duty.  Loss  not 
remembered,  but  it  was  heavy.  The  regiment  was  again  engaged 
at  Frazier's  Farm,  and  also  at  Malvern  Hill,  with  considerable 
loss,  and  was  ordered  to  inscribe  the  names  of  the  four  battles 
upon  its  banner. 

At  Mechanic9ville,  Lieutenant  Colonel  Johnson  lost  his  life. 
He  was  a  most  gallant  and  efficient  officer,  and  had  been  in  com- 
mand of  the  regiment  almost  constantly  from  the  time  it  reached 
Virginia  until  his  death,  owing  to  the  ill  health  of  Colonel  Boyd. 
Major  Hutchins  was  promoted  to  be  Lieutenant  Colonel,  and 
Captain  Neal,  of  Company  B,  to  be  Major.  Lieutenants  Dunlop 
and  Brownfield,  Company  K,  gallant,  noble  fellows,  were  killed 
at  Mechanicsville,  and  a  large  number  of  the  best  officers  and  men 
in  the  regiment  were  killed,  or  mortally  wounded,  in  the  four  bat- ' 
ties.     Lieutenant  Stovall,  Company  A,  was  mortally  wounded. 

The  Nineteenth  engaged  in  the  pursuit  of  McClellan's  army  to 
Harrison's  Landing,  and  was  then  recalled  to  Richmond,  and 
sent  by  railroad  to  Gordonsville,  with  General  Jackson,  in  whose 
command  it  had  been  since  the  beginning  of  the  battles  known 
as  the  "  Seven  days  "  battles  around  Richmond." 

On  the  9th  of  August  we  were  engaged  in  the  battle  of  Cedar 
Mountain,  and  in  it  lost  one-third  of  the  men  carried  into  action. 
We  then  commenced  the  march  into  Maryland,  participating  in 
the  battles  on  the  Rappahannock.  Three  days  at  Manassas,  and 
at  Germantown,  was  the  command  engaged,  losing  at  Manassas 
(again)  one-third  of  the  men  pres>ent. 

Crossing  the  Potomac  near  Leesburg,  this  regiment  entered 
Frederick  City  and  remained  in  camp  four  days,  at  the  end  of 
which  time  it  marched  by  way  of  Boonsborough  to  Williams- 
port,  recrossed  the  Potomac,  captured  Martinsburg,  and  on  the 
13th  day  of  September  camped  before  Harper's  Ferry.  On  the 
15th  of  same  month,  the  place  was  surrendered  with  (»ver  eleven 
thousand  prisoners,  and  a  vast  quantity  of  stores  of  all  kinds. 
On  the  morning  of  the  17th,  the  light  division  began  the  march 
to  Sharpsburg.  At  two  o'clock  in  the  evening  crossed  the 
Potomac  and  formed  into  line  on  the  extreme  right,  where  the 
enemy  were  fast  pressing  back  our  lines.  Archer's  Brigade  was 
first  in  line,  and  immediately  charged  the  enemy  without  waiting 


NINETEENTH  GEORGIA  llEQIMENT.  87 

for  the  balance  of  the  division.  The  enemy  in  large  force  was 
driven  in  confusion  from  a  strong  position  behind  a  stone  fence, 
and  the  effort  to  turn  our  right  flank  cflTectnally  checked.  In 
this  charge  more  than  one-half  of  the  Nineteenth  Georgia  were 
killed  and  wovmded.  The  division  held  its  position  until  the 
night  of  the  18th,  when  it  withdrew,  with  the  army,  across  the 
Potomac.  On  the  20th,  a  force  of  the  enemy  having  crossed  in 
pursuit,  Archer's  Brigade  and  other  troops  turned  and  attacked 
him  at  Shepherdstown,  inflicting  serious  loss  on  the  enemy.  In 
this  affriir  the  loss  of  the  regiment  was  thirty  men  killed  and 
wounded. 

The  regiment  remained  about  "  Bunker  Hill  and  Berryville  " 
tmtil  November  261  h,  without  any  event  requiring  notice,  except 
a  skirmish  with  the  enemy  at  "  Snicker's  Ferry,"  in  which  forty 
Yankees  were  killed  and  wounded,  without  any  loss  whatever  to 
this  regiment.  No  other  infantry  was  engaged  in  this  skirmish. 
While  in  the  Valley  much  time  was  spent  in  destroying  the 
Baltimore  and  Ohio  railroad  ;  also  the  Winchester  road. 

On  the  26th  of  November  the  division  began  the  march*  to 
Fredericksburg,  and  reached  that  place  after  an  exceedingly 
]ilea8ant  march  of  twelve  (12)  days.  On  the  13th  of  December, 
1862,  the  brigade  occupied  the  right  of  the  line,  there  being  an 
interval  of  threes  hundred  (300)  yards  between  it  and  the  next 
brigade  on  our  left.  The  Nineteenth  Georgia  was  situated  upon 
the  extreme  left  of  the  brigade,  next  to  the  open  space  betAveen  it 
and  the  next  brigade.  The  enemy  charged  our  front  in  heavier 
force  than  has  ever  been  seen  by  any  member  of  this  regiment, 
on  any  field  of  battle  in  this  revolution.  Notwithstanding  the 
overwhelming  odds  opposed  to  us,  the  assault  was  re[iulsed  with 
most  terrible  loss  to  the  enemy  and  comparatively  small  loss  in 
this  regiment.  We  were  congratulating  ourselves  upon  the 
handsome  rejjulse  we  had  given  the  enemy,  when  suddenly  it 
was  disfovered  that  a  large  force  of  the  enemy  had  passed  the 
interval  }»etween  the  Nineteenth  Georgia  and  the  next  brigade  ; 
and  at  the  same  time  they  opened  fire  upon  our  flank  and  rear 
simnltanoously  ;  some  confusion  occurred,  as  the  firing  Ix-r-nme 
HO  heavy  that  no  command  could  bo  heard.  The  regiment  lost 
in  this  action  eighty-seven  (87)  men,  killed  and  woimded,  and 
one  hundred  and  seven  (lOT)  taken  prisoners  by  the  rnomy.  This 
is  the  only  occasion  upon  wliicli   the  line  of  ihiv  regiment  has 


38  HEROES  AND   MARTYRS  OF  GEORGIA. 

been  broken,  and  in  this  case  no  impression  was  made  by  the 
attack  in  front.* 

Colonel  Boyd  having  resigned  on  the  12th  of  January,  1863, 
Lieutenant  Colonel  Hutchins  was  promoted  Colonel,  Major  Neal 
was  appointed  Lieutenant  Colonel,  and  Captain  Hooper  raised 
to  the  rank  of  Major.  General  Archer's  Brigade  Avent  into 
camps  near  Grace  Church,  and  on  the  22d  of  January,  the 
Nineteenth  Georgia  Kegiment  was  transferred  to  General  Col- 
quitt's Georgia  Brigade,  composed  of  tlie  Sixth,  Twenty-third, 
T^^•enty-seveuth  and  Twenty-eighth  Georgia  Regiments,  and  the 
Thirteenth  Alabama  Regiment,  which  was  exchanged  for  the 
Nineteenth  Georgia. 

The  winter  of  this  part  of  the  year  1863,  was  spent  along  the 
Rappahannock,  below  Fredericksburg,  until  the  battle  of  Chan- 
cellorsville  and  Wilderness,  on  the  1st  and  3d  of  May,  1863. 
This  regiment  participated  in  both  of  said  battles,  losing  about 
forty-five  (45)  men  killed  and  wounded.  About  the  20th  of 
May  the  brigade  was  ordered  to  Kinston,  North  Carolina,  and 
remained  quietly  there  until  July  3d,  when  it  was  ordered  to 
report  immediately  to  Richmond,  to  repel  an  expected  raid  of 
the  enemy.  On  the  9th  of  July  it  was  ordered  to  Charleston, 
South  Carolina,  and  reached  that  place  on  the  14th  instant.  On 
the  15th,  two  regiments  of  the  brigade  (the  Sixth  and  Nineteenth) 
went  to  James  Island,  and  on  the  16th  instant,  engaged  the 
enemy  slightly,  this  regiment  losing  two  men,  and  killing  wound- 
ing or  capturing  sixty  negroes. 

Colonel  Hutchins  having  resigned  his  commission  on  the  20th 
of  August,  1863,  Lieutenant  Colonel  Neal  was  promoted  to  the 
Colonelcy,  and  Major  Hooper  having  previously  resigned.  Cap- 
tain Flynt  was  appointed  Lieutenant  Colonel,  and  Captain  Mabry 
was  promoted  Major.  The  regiment  reraahied  in  the  vicinity  of 
Charleston  until  the  10th  of  February,  1864,  doinif  heavy  duty  at 
Battery  Wagner,  Fort  Sumter,  and  Fort  Johnson,  and  then 
started  for  Florida,  but  was  halted  and  marched  to  Johns  Island 
to  meet  a  demonstration  being  made  by  the  enemy ;  but  they 
knowing  the  force  which  would  be  opposed  to  them,  retired,  and 
the  trip  to  Florida  was  resumed  ;  and  on  the  1 7th  of  February 
the  regiment  and  brigade  reached  Olustee,  Florida.  On  the  20tli 
of  said  month  the  battle  of  Ocean  Pond  was  fought,  in  which 

*No  blame  can  possibly  attach  to  this  regiment  for  this  unfortunate  affair, 
as  the  reverse  must  have  been  owing  to  the  defective  line. 


NINETEENTH   GEORGIA   REGIMENT.  S9 

Colquitt's  bricTfide  was  heavily  engaged.  The  Nineteenth  Georgia 
was  under  a  heavy  lire  (for  four  hours)  of  small  arms,  and  much 
of  that  time  had  no  ammunition  with  which  to  return  the  fire. 
It  had,  nevertheless,  captured  three  guns  and  caissons  early  in  the 
battle.  The  loss  of  this  regiment  in  this  battle  was  ninety-seven 
killed  and  wounded.  This  effectual  victory  over  the  Yankees 
closed  the  campaign  in  Florida,  and  we  remained  quietly  in  camps 
until  the  18th  of  April,  when  wo  were  ordered  to  return  to  Vir- 
ginia. The  regiment  made  a"  start  and  had  reached  Florence, 
when  we  were  ordered  to  take  the  back  track  to  Sullivan's  Island, 
Charleston  harbor.  It  remained  here  but  three  days,  when  it 
was  again  ordered  to  Virginia,  and  reached  Petersburg  on  tho 
13th  day  of  May,  1864. 

On  the  16th  of  May  an  attack  was  made  upon  the  enemy  near 
Drewry's  Bluff.  The  Nineteenth  was  eng.aged  and  lost  thirty- 
four  (34)  men.  It  rem.'xined  on  the  line  Jiear  Bermuda  Hundreds 
for  a  fortnight,  and  then  marched  to  Cold  Harbor,  reaching  that 
place  just  in  time  to  check  the  advance  of  the  enemy,  who  were 
driving  our  cavalry  before  them.  Breastworks  were  hastily 
constructed  at  night,  and  at  dawn  the  enemy  charged  the  line, 
and  were  handsomely  repulsed  with  sickening  slaughter.  Tho 
loss  to  the  Nineteenth  was  trifling.  This  line  was  held  under  a 
concentrated  fire  of  artillery  for  two  weeks,  and  we  left  it  only 
when  the  enemy  abandoned  his  line  and  parched  to  the  south 
side  of  the  James  Ili\  er. 

At  Cold  Harbor,  the  line  of  Colquitt's  Brigade  was  about 
identical  with  that  from  which  it  had  driven  the  enemy,  two 
years  before.  Leaving  Cold  Harbor  about  the  loth  of  June, 
the  brigade  reache<l  Petersburg  at  eleven  o'clock,  on  the  evening 
of  the  16th.  The  enemy  having  taken  our  line  of  works  from 
the  local  troops,  at  six  o'clock  on  the  s.ime  evening,  wo  fonnd 
every  thing  in  great  confusion.  No  information  cor.ld  be 
obtained,  as  to  the  force  or  position  of  the  enemy.  No  one  knew 
how  much  of  our  line  they  occupied.  Not  a  picket  was  between 
the  enemy  and  Petersburg.  Haygood's  South  Carolina  Brigade, 
and  this,  (Colquitt's,)  formed  a  line,  and  began  to  entrench.  By 
morning  a  large  number  of  troops  ha<l  arrived  and  were  now 
in  position  to  receive  the  expected  assault. 

The  Yankees  attacked  several  positions  on  our  line,  but  did 
not  molest  this  brigade.  It  having  been  discovered  that  our  line 
was  defective,  on  the  night  of  the  17th   the  troops  were  all 


40  HEROES  AND   MARTYRS   OF   GEORGIA. 

withdrawn  to  a  line  we  had  constructed  about  half  a  mile  in  the 
rear  of  our  brigade.  At  dawn  on  the  18th,  the  enemy  discov- 
ered that  we  were  gone,  and  evidently  thought  that  Petersburg 
was  evacuated,  and  their  way  open  to  that  city.  They  came 
charging  and  shouting  as  if  no  resistance  was  anticipated.  As 
soon  as  they  emerged  from  the  woods,  we  unexpectedly  opened 
fire  on  them,  and  soon  eifectually  checked  their  advance.  They 
fell  back  in  great  confusion  to  the  woods.  At  two  o'clock  the 
same  day,  they  charged  the  Nineteenth  in  very  heavy  force,  but 
with  the  aid  of  the  other  regiments  of  the  brigade,  we  succeeded 
in  repulsing  them.  They  left  a  large  number  of  dead  and 
wounded  on  the  field  ;  and  indeed,  so  severely  punished  were 
they,  that  they  have  not  since  attempted  an  assault  upon  that 
part  of  the  line,  but  have  contented  themselves  with  sharp-shoot- 
ing and  artillery  firing  upon  us. 

From  that  time  until  the  present,  the  Nineteenth  has  been 
upon  the  same  line,  with  occasional  short  intervals  of  rest.  It 
has  been  subjected  to  a  heavy  fire  of  sharp-shooters  and  very 
severe  shelling,  especially  from  mortar.  The  duty  is  very  heavy 
and  has  caused  much  sickness  in  the  regiment. 

During  the  fifty-two  days  spent  here,  the  privations  and 
hardships  endured,  have  been  greater  than  for  any  six  montljs  of 
the  war.  The  heat  in  the  ditches  has  been  intense.  Rations* 
have  been  short.  Ma^y  of  the  ofiicers  and  men  have  been  for 
six  weeks  without  a  change  of  clothing.  Yet  in  spite  of  all, 
they  are  confident  and  in  the  very  best  of  spirits.  This  regiment 
has  participated  in  as  many  engagements  as  any  other  Georgia 
regiment,  except  perhaps  one  or  two,  and  on  no  occasion  has  it 
failed  to  do  its  Avhole  duty.  It  is  impossible  to  mention  individual 
instances  of  gallantry  without  doing  injustice  to  many  good  men. 
The  limit  allowed  will  not  admit  of  a  more  detailed  account  of 
the  operations  of  this  regiment.  The  Nineteenth  Georgia  has 
fought  in  every  battle  in  which  the  Army  of  Northern  Virginia 
has  been  engaged,  except  Gettysburg,  Wilderness,  and  Spottsyl- 
vania;  and  in  place  of  these,  participated  in  the  battles  of  Ocean 
Pond,  Drewry's  BluS*,  and  in  the  siege  of  Charleston,  including 
Fort  Sumter  and  Battery  Wagner.  The  history  of  A.  P.  Hill's 
Division  in  the  campaign  of  1862,  is  a  history  of  this  regiment ; 
since  that  time  it  has  been  identified  with  Colquitt's  Brigade. 

Independent  of  the  above  report  I  give  names  of  two  heroes  of  Georgia  :— 
W.  J.  Y.  Wood,  Ensign  Nineteenth  Georgia.      From  ftaquiry  among  hia 


NIN*KTEENTH  GEORGIA   JREGIMENT.  41 

comrades,  I  find  thia  young  man  is  particularly  noted  among  hie  comrades  for 
an  indomitable  courage,  which  has  shown  conspicuous  upon  every  battlefield, 
upon  which  liis  regiment  has  been  engaged.  He  has  repeatedly  led  his 
regiment  into  action,  proudly  flaunting  the  Southern  Cross  in  the  face  of  the 
foe. 

John  Merritt,  Company  11,  Nineteenth  Georgia,  was  wounded  at  Ocean  Pond, 
Florida.  He  obtained  a  furlough  to  return  to  his  home  in  Paulding  County. 
The  retrograde  movement  of  General  Johnson's  Army,  left  him  in  the  Yankee 
lines.  Ho  was  taken  prisoner  and  sent  to  Todd's  Barracks,  Ohio.  There 
being  a  number  of  Yankee  draft«d  men  confined  with  him,  who  were  continu- 
ally deserting,  ho  conceived  the  bold  project  of  escaping  by  representing 
himself  as  one  of  the  deserters.  He  did  so  successfully,  and  after  many 
vicissitudes,  was  sent  to  Grant's  Army,  where  after  staying  several  daj-s,  he 
managed  to  escape  into  our  lines  in  front  of  Petersburg,  bringing  with  him 
three  Yankee  deserters.  General  Hoke  appointed  him  his  courier  immediately 
upon  his  arrival. 


TWENTY-THIRD  REGIMENT 

GEORGIA   VOLUNTEERS 


STATISTICAL  RECORD  OF  TWENTY-THIRD  GEORGIA. 


Number  of  men  originally  enlisted,  .  .  .  .  794 
Number  of  recruits  received,  .....  264 
Number  of  conscripts  received,  .....  37 
Number  of  men  received  by  transfer,  ....  23 
Number  of  officers  received  by  appointment,  election,  pro- 
motion, and  transfer,          .        .        .        .  13 

Total  strength  of  regiment,         .        .  1131 

LOSSES   IN   OFFICERS. 

Resigned  for  disability) 24 

Resigned  for  wounds, 4 

Resigned  for  other  causes, 6 

Dismissed, 3 

Transferred, T 

Promoted  to  other  commands, T 

Killed  in  action 8 

Died  of  wounds, 8 

Died  of  disease 2 

Deserted, 1 

Total  loss  in  officers, 65 

LOSSES   nj   ENLISTED    MEN. 

Discharged  for  disability ,  109 

Discharged  by  order, 12 

Discharged  by  civil  authority, 1 

Discharged  for  promotion, 8 

Killed  in  action, 103 

Died  of  wounds, 42 

Died  of  disease,      .        .        , 173 

Transferred,           .        .        .        .        .        .        .        .  19 

Missing  in  action  and  supposed  dead,    ....  6 

Deserted .        .      '  90 

Wounded  in  action 340 

Disabled  by  service, 22 

*  Actual  loss  of  the  regiment,   .        .        .        ,        .  660 

Total  both  permanently  and  temporarily  lost,         .  flflO 

Total  loss  by  death 387 

♦Independent  of  those  wounded  in  action  amounting  to  840  men. 


TWENTY-THIRD  GEORGIA  REGIMENT.  48 

Owing  to  some  error,  perhaps  in  my  own  calculations  of  statistics  of  this 
regiment,  I  am  unable  to  make  a  correct  balance.  There  is  a  difference, 
however,  of  only  three  men,  between  the  report  handed  mo  and  my  own 
calculation. 

It  will  be  seen  by  the  foregoing  that  the  Twenty-third  Georgia  has  lost  by 
death  three  hundred  and  thirty-seven  men  ;  by  death,  discharge,  promotions, 
transfers,  <tc.,  Ac,  tix  hundred  and  fifty.  And  counting  the  number  of  men 
who  have  been  w6nnded,  (all  of  whom  are  in  all  probability  with  the 
regiment  now)  the  loss  which  of  course  is  partially  temporary,  amounts  to 
nine  hundred  and  ninety  men. 

The  Twenty-third  Georgia  was  organized  at  Camp  McDon.ild, 
Georgia,  on  the  31st  day  of  August,  1861,  entirely  eomposed  of 
companies  from  the  Cherokee  counties  of  Georgia,  and  were 
enlisted  and  mustered  into  the  service  for  the  war.  The  following 
are  the  names  of  the  officers  commanding  the  companies,  and 
the  counties  to  which  they  belong  : — 

Company  A,  Captain Pool,  Bartow  County. 

Company  B,  Captain  James  II.  Hnggins,  Union  County, 

Company  C,  Captain  M.  R.  Ballenger,  Floyd  County. 

Company  D,  Captain  John  Steel,  Pickens  County. 

Company  E,  Captain  Samuel  Tate,  Pickens  Count}'. 

Company  F,  Captain  B.  F.  King,  Cobb  Pounty. 

Company  G,  Captain  J.  A.  Sharp,  Cherokee  County. 

Company  H,  Captain  F.  M.  Young,  Walker  County. 

Company  I,  Captain  Thomas  Hutcherson,  Gordon  and-Cherokee  Counties. 

Company  K,  Captain  W.  P.  Barclay,  Union  County. 

After  tlie  aforementioned  companies  were  mustered  into 
service,  the  organization  was  perfected  by  the  election  of  Captain 
Thomas  Hutcherson  to  the  Colonelcy,  Captain  W.  P.  Barclay  to 
the  Lieutenant  Colonelcy,  and  E.  F.  Ikst  to  the  Majority.  Dr. 
S.  W.  Thompson  received  the  appointment  of  Surgeon,  Dr.  J.  H. 
Spear  that  of  Assistant  Surgeon.  Dr.  William  Bacon  was 
appointed  Assistnni  Quartermaster,  Warren  Moss,  Commissary, 
and  C.  C.  Sanders,  Adjutant.        ' 

The  regiment  remained  in  Camp  of  Instruction  until  about  the 
10th  day  of  Novombfr,  1»«1,  when  it  was  ordered  to  Kichmond 
Virginia.  Remaining  at  liichmond  but  Ti  very  short  time,  it  was 
ordered  to  Yorktown,  where  it  remained  until  the  ev.icuation  of 
that  ]>lace,  which  event  occurred  on  the  3d  day  of  May,  1862. 
During  this  eventful  sirge  the  rogiment  was  commanded  Hy 
Lieutenant  Colonel  Barclay.  While  at  this  point  it  was  assigned 
to  the  brigade  of  Gener.al  Rains,  in  the  division  of  Major 
General  D.  IL  Hill. 


44  HEROES  AND   MARTYRS  OF  GEORGIA. 

After  the  retreat  commenced,  the  regiment  was  on  the  field  of 
the  Battle  of  Williamsburg,  but  Avere  not  in  the  engagement. 
The  hardships,  privations  and  sufferings  endui-ed  during  this 
tedious  retreat,  were  very  severe,  and  in  the  opinion  of  many, 
only  excelled  by  the  disastrous  retreat  of  Napoleon  Bonaparte 
from  Moscow.  Certain  it  is,  that  no  march  or  retreat  during 
this  war,  can  bear  any  comparison  to  it.  The  Twenty-third 
suffered  very  severely,— many  men  died  from  the  sufferings  and 
exposure  they  underwent ;  and  when  we  reached  Richmond  or 
its  vicinity,  not  more  than  one  half  the  men  and  officers  reported 
for  duty. 

The  Battle  of  Seven  Pines,  fought  upon  the  31st  day  of  May, 
1862,  was  the  first  engagement  in  which  this  regiment  was 
regularly  engaged.  The  regiment  went  into  the  fight  commanded 
by  Lieutenant  Colonel  Barclay  with  four  hundred  men,  and  lost 
eighty  men  killed  and  wounded.  After  the  fight  was  over,  the 
regiment  was  publicly  complimented  by  General  D.  H.  Hill  for 
the  conspicuous  gallantry  which  it  had  displayed  during  the  fight. 
He  said  that  it  was  owing  to  the  manner  in  which  the  Twenty- 
third  Georgia  had  conducted  itself,  that  the  tide  of  battle  was 
turned  in  favor  of  the  Confe'derate  Army  on  that  bloody  day. 

The  next  engagement  iu  which  this  regiment  was  a  participant, 
was  the  Battle  of  Mechauicsville,  which  was  fought  on  the  26th 
day  of  June,  1862.  In  this  fight  the  command  of  the  Twenty- 
third  Georgia  devolved  upon  Major  Best.  In  this  action  the 
brigade  was  surprised  and  thrown  into  confusion ;  but  owing  to 
the  indefatigable  exertions  of  Captain  Huggins  assisted  by  other 
officers,  order  was  restored.  Captain  Huggins  retained  command 
until  the  enemy  had  disappeared  from  our  front.  The  loss  hi 
the  Twenty-third  in  this  fight  was  slight.  The  regiment  was 
engaged  in  the  Battle  of  Cold  Harbor  the  same  day,  and  two 
days  afterwards,  participated  in  the  Battle  of  White  Oak  Swamp, 
and  the  day  afterwards,  was  again  engaged  in  the  terrible  Battle 
of  Malvern  Hill.  In  all  these  engagements  we  were  commanded 
by  Captain  Huggins,  and  lost  very  heavily  iu  killed  and  wounded. 
Soon  after  the  battles  around  Richmond,  Lieutenant  Colonel 
Barclay  was  promoted  to  Colonel  to  fill  the  vacancy  occasioned 
by  the  resignation  of  Colonel  Hutcherson,  Major  Best  was 
promoted  to  Lieutenant  Colonel,  and  Captain  Huggins  to  Major. 

The  next  active  service  performed  by  the  regiment,  was  during 
the  world-renowned  campaign  into  the  State  of  Maryland.    The 


TWENTY-THIRD   GEORGIA  REGIMENT.  45 

march  was  executed  without  any  incident  coniTected  with  the 
regiment  worthy  of  notice,  until  the  Battle  of  South  Mountain, 
or  as  it  is  perhaps  equally  as  generally  called,  the  Battle  of 
Boonsboro,  at  which  place  the  Twenty-third  Georgia  acted  a 
very  conspicuous  part.  It  held  a  very  important  position  on  the 
left  of  the  turnpike,  where  it  winds  through  a  pass  in  the 
mountains,  against  very  heiivy  odds,  and  inflicted  heavy  loss 
upon  the  enemy.  This  position  was  held  in  the  face  of  an 
overpowering  foe,  when  our  ammunition  was  so  nearly  exhausted 
that  we  could  only  keep  up  a  show  of  fight  by  an  irregular, 
scattering  fire.  As  evidence  of  the  heat  of  the  engagement,  the 
loss  of  this  gallant  regiment,  amounting  to  ninety  men  killed  and 
wounded,  out  of  three  hundred  carried  into  action,  will  sufii- 
ciently  testify.  In  this  fight  at  least  seventy  thousand  Yankees 
were  beaten  back  and  kept  back  for  many  hours  by  Major 
General  D.  11.  Hill's  Division  alone. 

Three  days  after  the  Battle  of  South  Mountain,  the  fight  of 
Sharpsburg  was  inaugurated,  that  is,  on  the  17th  day  of  Septem- 
ber, 1862.  In  this  dreadful  fight  the  Twenty-thiid  Georgia 
suffered  very  heavily.  Among  the  number  slain  was  the  gallant 
Colonel  Barclay,  who  had  so  often  led  the  regiment  to  victory, 
and  who  had  displayed  conspicuous  gallantry  upon  every  field 
where  it  h.ad  been  his  fortune  to  lead.  The  regiment  suflfered  an 
irre|>arable  loss  in  his  death. 

After  the  death  of  Colonel  Barclay,  Lieutenant  Colonel  Best 
was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Colonel,  Major  Huggins  to  Lieu- 
tenant Colonel,  and  Captain  M.  R.  Ballenger  to  Major.  All  oi 
these  officers  having  been  wounded,  the  command  of  the  regiment 
devolved  upon  a  captain  for  several  months,  during  which  time 
the  regiment  marched  with  the  army  from  the  Potomac  near 
Shepherdstown,  to  Fredericksburg,  the  men  suffering  extraordi- 
nary privations  upon  the  march,  which  was  almost  equal  to  the 
horrid  retreat  from  Yorklown.  ]\Iany  of  the  men  without  a 
murmur,  walked  barelboted  through  the  snow  for  days,  until 
they  were  ordered  by  General  D.  II.  Hill  to  make  and  wear  raw 
hide  moccasins,  to  which  however  they  were  very  much  oji'posed, 
as  they  were  exceedingly  uncomfortable. 

Commanded  V)y  Captain  Sharj),  the  regiment  was  in  the  Battle 
of  Fredericksburg,  but  was  not  closely  engaged.  The  loss  in 
this  fight  amounted  to  only  five  killed  and  wounded.  Shortly 
after  this  Colonel  Best  returned  to  the  regiment,  and  wa.s  ,in 


46  HteROES  AND  MARTYBS  OF   GEORGIA. 

command  at  the  Battle  of  Chancellorsville,  which  was  fought 
May  2d  and  3d,  1863.  The  Twenty-third  Georgia  was  detached 
from  the  brigade  to  protect  a  wagon  train,  while  the  army  was 
making  a  flank  movement.  The  enemy  discovering  our  move- 
ment, and  thinking  that  it  was  a  retreat  of  the  entire  army, 
ordered  General  Sickles  to  make  a  reconnoissance  in  force,  to 
discover  what  our  movement  really  was.  He  obeyed  the  order, 
and  at  the  head  of  twenty  thousand  men,  marched  down  upon 
the  devoted  Twenty-third.  He  maneuvered  to  capture  the 
wagon  train,  but  after  cbnsiderable  skirmishing,  pending  which 
the  wagon  train  escaped,  he  only  succeeded  in  capturing  one 
hundred  and  ninety  men  and  officers  of  this  regiment.  By  thus 
standing  our  ground  firmly  agatnst  the  outrageously  overwhelm- 
ing numbers  of  the  enemy,  we  saved  the  wagon  train  at  the 
expense  of  the  before  enumerated  prisoners.  These  same  were 
exchanged  about  three  weeks  afterward  and  returned  to  the 
regiment. 

The  regiment  shortly  after  this  affair,  on  or  about  the  20th  of 
May,  'was  ordered  to  Kinston,  North  Carolina.  After  staying  at 
Kinston  a  few  weeks,  we  were  ordered  back  to  Richmond  to 
repel  a  raid  of  the  enemy's  cavalry.  Spending  a  few  days  at 
Richmond,  the  regiment  was  ordered  to  Wilmington,  North 
Carolina,  where  after  staying  a  few  weeks,  it  was  ordered  to 
Charleston,  South  Carolina.  Here  it  spent  the  Avinter  of  1863, 
seeing  during  the  time,  a  tour  of  eight  days  in  Battery  Wagner, 
which  was  certainly  the  most  disagreeble  duty  the  members  of 
the  Twenty-third  had  ever  before  performed.  Some  of  our  best 
men  Avere  lost  upon  this  Island,  number  not  remembered.  Upon 
being  relieved,  we  were  placed  on  board  the  ill-fated  steamer 
Sumter,  which,  as  we  went  up  the  harbor,  was  fired  upon  and 
sunk  by  our  guns  at  Fort  Moultrie ;  but  very  fortunately  and 
almost  miraculously,  we  lost  no  men  at  all  by  the  accident.  The 
regiment  was  at  this  time  commanded  by  Major  Ballenger. 

After  the  evacuation  of  Morris  Island,  fifty  men  of  the 
Twenty-third  were  detailed  for  duty  in  Fort  Sumter,  where  the 
duties  were  very  onerous  upon  both  officers  and  men.  When 
the  enemy  landed  upon  John's  Island,  the  Twenty-third  Avas  sen 
to  the  relief  of  General  Wise,  who  was  gradually  retiring  before 
them ;  but  before  the  brigade  to  which  this  regiment  belonged, 
General  A.  H.  Colquitt's,  got  into  position,  they  retired  without 
giving  battle.      Immediately  after  this  little  affair,  the  regiment 


TWENTY-THIRD  GEORGIA    REGIMENT.  47 

with  the  brigade  composed  of  tho  Sixth,  Nineteenth,  Twenty- 
third,  Twenty-seventh  and  Twenty-eighth  Georgia  Regiments, 
was  ordered  to  report  to  General  Finnegan,  who  commanded  the 
Floridians,  at  Ohistee  in  the  State  of  Florida. 

On  the  20th  day  of  February,  1864,  we  met  the  enemy  at 
Ocean  Pond,  and  we  can  truly  say  "t?em,  vidi,  vicV^  The  battle 
was  long  and  bloody ;  but  the  dash  and  enthusiasm  of  our 
Southern  boys  could  not  be  resisted.  The  Yankees  fell  into 
confusion,  broke  and  fled,  throwing  away  guns,  knapsacks, 
accoutrements,  and  everything  which  could  impede  a  precipitate 
retreat.  This  was  one  of  the  most  signal  victories  that  the  God 
of  war  has  ever  allowed  to  perch  upon  our  banners.  The  Twen- 
ty-third Georgia  was  commanded  by  Lieutenant  Colonel  Huggins 
in  this  fight,  and  acquitted  itself  with  honor.  Loss  in  this  fight 
was  seventy-five  men  out  of  three  hundred.  Very  soon  after  the 
Battle  of  Ocean  Pond,  the  regiment,  and  in  fact  the  whole 
brigade,  was  ordered  back  to  Charleston,  South  Carolina.  ■  After 
remaining  but  a  very  few  days  in  Charleston,  we  were  ordered' 
to  return  to  Virginia.  The  regiment  reached  Petersburg  {^-hile 
the  enemy  held  the  Richmond  and  Petersburg  railroad. 

We  made  a  very  liard  march  in  one  night  from  Petersburg  to 
Drewry's  Bluff,  around  the  flank  of  the  enemy,  with  the 
remainder  of  the  brigade,  as  an  escort  to  General  Beauregard. 
The  regiment  was  in  the  Battle  of  Drewry's  Bluff  on  the  16th  of 
May,  commanded  by  Major  Balleuger.  The  Twenty-third, 
advanced  with  two  other  regiments  of  the  brigade,  half  a  mile 
in  front  of  the  main  line  of  our  army,  and  drove  the  enemy  from 
a  thick  piece  of  woods  where  they  had  taken  position.  We 
afterwards  crossed  the  road  with  the  other  regiments,  iruthe  rear 
of  the  enemy,  and  drove  them  from  their  breastworks,  which 
they  held  in  front  of  our  men.  The  victory  over  the  Federals  at 
this  point  was  complete;  but  its  results  were  not  as  great  as 
might  have  been  suspected,  for  the  groat  advantage  we  had 
gained  .over  them  was  not  followed  up  as  it  might  have  been, 
owing  perhaps,  or  I  should  say  do  doubt,  to  some  cause  which 
has  not  been  made  public,  or  which  was  not  known  to  the  army 
itself. 

The  next  move  of  tho  regiment  was  to  Cold  Harbor,  where 
on  thn  Ist  and  Hd  days  of  June  it  nobly  repulsed  the  desperate 
charges  of  the  enemy,  inflicting  the  most  severe  punishment  on 
the  drunken  rabble  of  Grant.    The  ground  was  literally  covered 


48  HEROES  AND   MABTYRS  OF  GEORGIA. 

with  the  slain  of  the  enemy,  with  a  very  trifling  loss  on  our  part. 
The  regiment  was  here  commanded  by  Major  Ballenger.  This 
was  the  second  time  this  command  liad  met  the  enemy  upon  tho 
field  of  Cold  Harbor,  and  the  position  of  the  Twenty-third  Avas 
nearly  identical  with  that  it  occupied  two  years  before,  about 
the  2nh  or  28th  of  June,  1862. 

Grant's  move  to  the  sonth  side  of  tho  James  caused  another 
movement  of  the  army;  and  Colquitt's  Brigade  moved  to  Peters- 
burg, where  it  held  an  important  position  in  the  line  during  the 
siege,  and  repulsed  two  assaults  of  the  enemy  upon  the  hne.  The 
labor  and  hardships  were  very  severe  here,  but  were  well  borne 
and  endured  with  the  greatest  fortitude  by  the  troops  of  a  young 
nation  struggling  to  be  free.  Colonel  Huggins,  who  had  recently 
been  promoted  to  fill  the  vacancy  occasioned  by  the  dismissal  of 
Colonel  Best,  commanded  during  the  siege.  The  enlisted  men 
have  borne  their  part  most  nobly  throughout  the  war,  and 
deserve  the  highest  plaudits  of  their  countrymen. 

The  following  are  the  names  of  persons  noted  for  their 
gallarftry,  but  for  the  want  of  proper  records,  the  peculiar  acts 
of  bravery  by  which  they  are  distinguished,  cannot  be  given. 

Captain  A.  Young,  Company  K  ;  Captain  M.  R.  Ballenger, 
Company  C  ;  Lieutenant  William  F.  Smith,  Company  I ;  Joseph 
Adkins,  Company  B;  Lieutenant  J.  M.  Steel,  Company  I; 
Corporal  J.  M.  Reeves,  Company  D  ;  Privates  R.  C.  Brock  and 
John  Hambrick,  Company  E ;  and  Private  E.  D.  Cullence ;  at 
Seven  Pines. 

Privates  H.  H.  McGuire,  H.  Elison,  D.  H.  House,  in  the 
Battles  before  Richmond. 

J.  B.  pulton,  B.  C.  Fulton,  J,  A.  Cosner,  and  L.  P.  Parker, 
Company  I,  at  South  Mountain,  Maryland. 

A  great  many  other  ofiicers  and  men  have  performed  equally 
as  gallant  acts  as  those  whose  names  appear  above;  but  the 
ofiicers  commanding  have  usually  refused  to  make  any  distinctions 
where  nearly  all  act  their  part  well. 

Owing  to  the  frequent  changes  in  the  officers  commanding  this  regiment, 
there  has  been  no  correct  record  kept  of  dates,  battles,  Ac,  and  I  have  been 
compelled  to  supply  the  dates  in  most  cases  myself.  Many  of  them  may 
therefore  be  incorrect,  but  they  are  very  nearly  right.  Below  I  subjoin  a 
letter  from  Colonel  Huggins,  which  will  place  him  and  his  regiment  right 
before  the  public,  as  regards  the  limited  material  with  which  he  has  supplied 


TWENTY-THIRD  GEORGIA  REGIMENT.  49 

Petersburg,  Virginia,  August  Zd,  1864. 

Colonel  Folsom, — Dear  Sir : — I  enclose  to  you  a  very  imperfectly 
arranged  history  of  the  Twenty-third  Georgia,  prepared  under  circumstances 
that  make  it  next  to  impossible  to  mf\ke  it  what  it  should  be.  No  record  of 
battles,  marches  and  events  has  been  kept,  consequentlj'  this  report  is  mado 
almost  entirely  from  memory.  Besides  the  foregoing,  we  are  constantly  on 
the  front  lines,  near  the  enemy,  and  have  but  little  time  to  devote  to  such 
duties,  notwithstanding  we  feel  deeply  interested  in  your  history  of  the 
regiments  from  our  noble  old  mother  State. 

With  high  regard  and  esteem, 
u>  Your  obedient  servant, 

"**  Jamkb  H.  Hcooins, 

Colonel  commanding  Tuxnty-third  Georgia  Regiment. 


TWENTY-EIGHTH  REGIMENT 

GEORGIA  VOLUNTEERS. 


The  Twenty-eighth  Regiment  of  Georgia  Vohinteers,  then 
known  as  the  Twentieth  Regiment,  was  organized  at  Camp 
Stephens  near  Griffin,  Georgia,  on  the  4th  day  of  September, 
1861,  by  the  election  of  T.  J.  Worthen  from  Washington 
County,  as  Colonel;  G»  A.  Hall  from  Merri wether,  as  Lieutenant 
Colonel,  and  James  G.  Cain  from  Jeiferson,  as  Major.  On  the 
10th  of  September  the  regiment  was  mustered  into  the  Confede- 
rate service  by  Major  Calhoun,  and  was  then  composed  of  the 
following  eight  companies,  two  having  been  previously  ordered 
by  Governor  Brown  to  different  commands: — Companies  A,  B 
and  H,  from  Washington  County ;  Compajiy  C  from  Richmond  ; 
Company  D  from  Cherokee ;  Company  E  from  Merriwether ; 
Company  I  from  Jefferson,  and  Company  K  from  Emanuel. 

The  regiment  remained  at  Camp  Stephens  for  instruction  in 
the  drill  and  manual,  until  the  4th  of  November.  On  the  25th 
of  September  the  ladies  of  Merriwether  County  presented  to  the 
regimentamost  beautiful  Confederate  banner,  which  was  received 
by  Captain  Crawford  of  Company  C,  with  a  few  happy  and 
eloquent  remarks.  On  the  4th  of  November  the  regiment 
received  orders  to  proceed  to  Richmond,  where  it  arrived  on  the 
8th,  and  encamped  on  Fulton  Hill  near  the  city.  While  here 
two  companies  which  had  formerly  been  attached  to  the  Eigh- 
teenth Georgia  Regiment,  Company  F  from  Cherokee,  and 
Company  G  from  Gordon  Counties,  were  attached  to  this 
regiment,  thus  completing  the  required  number  of  companies  for 
its  proper  organization.  At  the  same  time  the  regiijient  was 
known  at  the  War  Department  as  the  Twenty-eighth  Regiment 
of  Georgia  Volunteers,  several  Georgia  regiments  having  been 
previously  mustered  into  the  Confederate  service,  independent  of 
the  state  organization.  ; 

On  the  I7th  of  November  the  regiment  received  orders  to 
proceed  to  Manassas  Junction,  and  arrived  at  that  place  on  the 


•  TWENTY-EIGHTH   GEORGIA  REGIMENT.  61 

1 8th.  Here  it  remained  on  post  duty  until  the  30th  of  December, 
when  it  moved  into  winter  (quarters  about  one  mile  and  a  half 
from  the  Junction.  During  this  time  the  regiment  suffered 
severely  from  disease,  and  a  great  many  valuable  men  were  lost. 
Diseases  wqre  more  frequent  and  dangerous,  as  many  of  the  men 
had  but  just  recovered  from  attacks  of  measles  and  camp  fever, 
contracted  during  tlieir  stay  in  Georgia,  relapsed  again  on  accoimt 
of  the  cold  climate  and  the  cold  and  inclement  weatlier,  during 
which  they  were  greatly  exposed  by  night  standing  guard,  and 
by  day  doing  fatigue  duty.  And  their  diseases  would  frequently 
end  in  their  death,  as  our  hospital  accommodations  were  very 
limited,  and  in  some  cases  even  the  sick  were  not  properly  cared 
for  with  the  necessary  attentions.  During  one  period,  the 
diseases  in  tlie  regiment  were  so  frequent  and  severe,  that  the 
aggregate  number  reported  for  duty  did  not  amount  to  more 
than  forty  (40)  men.  Toward  the  beginning  of  February,  1862, 
the  regiment  recovered  in  a  considerable  degree  its  health. 
^  Upon  the  18th  of  February  the  Twenty-eighth  Georgia 
Teceivod  orders  to  leave  Manassas  Junction,  and  upon  that 
memorable  retreat  it  only  had  a  very  few  sick.  At  Manassas 
the  regiment  was  armed  with  the  Springfield  musket,  having 
come  from  Georgia  unarmed.  On  the  19th  of  F'ebruary  the 
regiment  took. up  the  line  of  march  southward,  having  previously 
been  joined  to  a  brigade  with  the  Twenty-seventh  Georgia, 
Fourth  North  Carolina,  and  Forty-ninth  Virginia  Regiments, 
under  command  of  Colonel  G.  W.  Anderson,  of  North  Carolina. 
After  two  days  of  marching  the  regiment  arrived  at  the  Rappa- 
hannock river,  and  after  fording  that  stream  near  Rappahannock 
Station  on  the  Orange  and  Alexandria  railroad,  encamped  near 
the  southern  bank.  Here  the  troops  remained  about  a  week, 
when  they  again,  in  conjunction  with  the  brigade,  took  up  the 
line  of  march,  and  passing  through  Culpepper  Court  House, 
crossed  the  Rapidan  river  near  Rapidan  Station  on  the  Orange 
.and  Alexandria  railroad,  and  encamped  upon  Clark's  Mountain, 
about  four  miles  from  the  river.  Here  the  regiment  remained 
until  about  the  4th  of  April,  1862,  when  it  proceeded  by 
railroad  to  Richmond,  and  from  thence  on  a  steamboat  down  the 
James  river  to  King's  Landing,  about  fifteen  miles  from  York- 
town,  at  which  place  the  regiment,  after  a  hot  and  tedious  march^ 
arrived  on  the  evening  of  the  6th  of  April,  1862. 

One  day  after  its  arrival  at  Yorktown,  the  regiment  under  the 


52  HEEOES  AND   MARTYRS  OF  GEORGIA, 

command  of  Lieutenant  Colonel  Hall,  Colonel  Wortlien  being 
sick,  was  assigned  a  position  outside  of  the  works  surrounding 
the  town,  ina  ravine,  and  during  the  stay  there  performed  picket 
and  out-post  duty  along  the  banks  of  the  river.  After  two  weeks 
the  regiment  was  moved  inside  of  the  works,  but  on  a  high  hill, 
exposed  to  the  shell  from  the  enemy's  gunboats,  which  annoyed 
us  very  frequently. 

On  the  2d  of  May,  1862,  we  had  the  misfortune  to  lose 
Lieutenant  Colonel  Hall,  who  died  of  typhoid  pneumonia  when 
he  was  about  to  be  conveyed  on  board  of  a  vessel  for  his  removal 
to  Richmond.  Colonel  Hall's  loss  was  severely  felt  by  this 
regiment.  A  gentleman  of  great  talents  and  high  mind,  he  had 
won  the  love  and  esteem  of  his  officers  and  men,  and  although 
not  actually  engaged  in  battle,  had  shown  that  bravery  and 
coolness  in  moments  of  expected  danger,  especially  while  per- 
forming out-post  duty  at  Yorktown,  which  eminently  fitted  him 
for  the  position  he  occupied. 

While  at  Yorktown  we  lost  Captain  Hill  of  Company  G, 
severely  wounded  in  the  arm,  and  two  men.  On  the  night  of 
the  2d  the  regiment  left  its  position  at  Yorktown,  in  pursuance 
of  orders,  but  was  soon  recalled,  and  reoccupied  its  position 
until  the  night  of  the  3d,  when  Yorktown  was  evacuated,  and  it 
marched  to  Williamsburg,  a  distance  of  fifteen  miles,  where  it 
arrived  on  the  morning  of  the  4th.  Here  the  men  rested  until 
the  morning  of  the  5th,  when  they  again  resumed  the  line  of 
march;  but  they  had  hardly  proceeded  two  miles,  when  the 
brigade  was  ordered  to  return  at  the  double-quick  to  Williams- 
burg, where  a  battle  was  raging  between  ours  and  the  Yankee 
foi'ces.  The  men  threw  away  their  blankets,  knapsacks,  overcoats, 
and  everything  which  impeded  their  hasty  march  to  the  battle 
field ;  but  when  they  arrived  there,  although  eager  for  the  fray, 
the  regiment  was  held  in  reserve,  and  was  only  destined  to  be 
inactively  exposed  to  the  fire  of  the  enemy. 

The  regiment  remained  upon  the  field  of  battle  that  night,  the 
5th,  and  the  sufierings  of  that  night  will  long  be  remembered. 
A  cold,  drizzling  rain  had  been  falling  all  day,  and  continued 
during  the  night.  The  men  stood  knee  deep  in  mud,  and  had 
nothing  to  shelter  them  from  the  rain,  or  shield  them  from  the 
cold,  having,  as  has  been  previously  mentioned,  thrown  away 
their  overcoats  and  blankets  on  the  double-quick  march.  The 
sufierings  were  the  more  severe,  as  most  of  the  men  had  had  no 


TWENTY-EIGHTH   GEORGIA  REGIMENT.  58 

provisions  to  appease  their  hunger  for  the  past  twenty-four  hours, 
and  the  commissary  wagons  were  about  ten  miles  in  advance  of 
the  army. 

On  the  6tli  the  army  again  marched  towards  Burnt  Ordnance^ 
but  still  without  their  hunger  having  been  appeased,  where  they 
arrived  the  same  niglit.  Here  the  regiment  received  a  very  small 
supply  of  provisions,  hardly  sufficient  for  supper ;  and  although 
the  different  commissaries  tried  their  utmost,  they  were  not 
able  to  supply  the  men  with  rations  until  after  the  regiment  had 
again  resumed  the  line  of  march,  and  proceeded  a  few  miles  on 
the  morning  of  the  Vth.  As  soon  as  General  Featherstone,  who 
had  been  assigned  to  the  command  of  our  brigade,  (General  D. 
H.  Hill's  Division)  received  information  that  the  commissaries 
had  received  supplies  of  provisions,  he  halted  the  brigade,  and 
ordered  the  provisions  to  be  divided  and  cooked,  and  the  men 
were  allowed  to  refresh  themselves  by  rest  until  afternoon,  when 
the  road  was  again  filled  by  our  marching  column.  After  a  great 
deal  of  suffering,  and  marching  through  mud  ankle  and  knee 
deep,  and  but  very  scantily  fed,  the  troops  arrived  at  Long 
Bridge  on  the  Chickaliominy  River,  about  the  10th  instant. 

At  this  place  the  regiment  remained  and  rested  until  the  20th' 
Supplies  were  still  very  scarce,  and  sometimes  the  men  had  to 
content  themselves  with  one  cracker  and  a  very  small  piece  of 
bacon  per  day. 

On  the  20th  the  troops  were  again  put  in  motion,  and  arrived 
the  same  evening  within  three  miles  of  Richmond.  Here  ended 
the  memorable  retreat  from  Yorktown,  during  which  the  suflfer- 
ings,  occasioned  by  the  disagreeable  weather,  muddy  and  miry 
ToadS;  hard  marching  and  starving,  had  never  been  surpassed 
since  the  beginning  of  the  war.  Arriving  at  the  Capitol,  the 
troops  were  j>ermitted  to  rest,  and  as  supplies  became  more 
plentiful  and  regular,  the  men  were  enabled  to  recuperate  rapidly. 
While  here,  ^Major  J.  G.  Cain  was  promoted  to  the  Lieutenant 
Colonelcy,  vice  Lieutenant  Colonel  Hall,  deceased,  and  Captain 
TuUy  Graybill,  of  Company  A,  promoted  to  Major. 

On  the  morning  of  the  30th  of  May,  the  wagons  belongipg  to 
the  brigade  yere  ordered]  within  the  works  around  Richmond, 
and  preparations  made  which  betokened  a  coming  engagement. 
On  the  morning  of  the  31st,  the  Twenty-eighth  Georgia  marched 
to  the  battle  ground  of  Seven  Pines.  The  l»atlle  did  not  com- 
mence  until  about  two  o'clock,  P.  M.,  when  D.  H.  UiU'B  Divi- 


5^  HEROES  AND  MARTYRS   OF  GEORGIA. 

sion,  occupying  the  right  wing,  made  the  attack,  driving  the 
enemy  before  it.  The  Twenty- eighth  was  commanded,  in  this 
engagement,  by  Captain  John  N.  Wilcox,  of  Company  K,  the 
senior  bfficer  present — Colonel  Worthen  being  severely  ill  in 
Richmond,  and  Lieutenant  Colonel  Cain  and  Major  Graybill 
absent  for  othet  sufficient  reasons.  Captain  Wilcox  commanded 
the  regiment  ably  and  with  great  skill,  and  that  the  Twenty- 
eighth  bore  a  prominent  and  noble  part  in  this  engagement,  its 
casualties,  amounting  to  one  hundred  and  thirty-four  killed  and 
wounded,  .sufficiently  show.  This  loss  was  from  only  eight 
companies,  as  two  of  the  largest  companies  were  detailed  to 
support  a  battery.  The  day  on  which  this  battle  was  fought 
had  been  extremely  wet  and  disagreeable,  a  heavy  rain  having 
fallen,  and  the  men  were  compelled  to  wade  knee  deep  in  mud 
and  water;  but  this  by  no  means  cooled  their  ardor,  but  only 
incited  them  to  fresher  deeds  of  daring,  which  carried  them  on 
to  victory.  The  brigade  was  commanded  by  Colonel  Anderson, . 
of  the  Fourth  North  Carolina,  General  Featherstone  being 
detained  by  sickness.  In  the  battle  of  the  Seven  Pines,  no  regi- 
ment in  the  brigade  fought  with  more  gallantry  and  bravery 
than  the  Twenty-eighth  Georgia. 

The  next  morning  Major  Graybill  was,  by  accident,  taken 
prisoner  on  his  way  to  rejoin  his  command,  be  having  by  mistake 
passed  our  pickets  and  entered  the  Yankee  lines.  Lieutenant 
Colonel  Cain  again  took  command  of  the  regiment,  which 
remained  in  camp  until  the  12th  of  June,  drilling  and  performing 
fatigue  and  various  other  duties,  when  it  moved  camp  and  was 
formed  into  another  brigade  with  the  Sixth,  Twenty-third,  and 
Twenty-seventh  Georgia,  and  Thirteenth  Alabama  Regiments. 

On  the  20th,  General.  Featherstone  having  been  assigned  to 
another  brigade.  Colonel  A.  H.  Colquitt  took  command,  and  it 
has  ever  since  been  known  as  "  Colquitt's  Brigade."  Here  also 
Colonel  Worthen  rejoined  the  regiment  and  resumed  command. 

On  the  26th  the  brigade  was  moved  to  the  Mechanicsville 
turnpike,  where  the  first  of  the  series  of  engagements  Avas  fought, 
genesally  known  as  the  "Battles  around  Richmond,"  Our 
division,  under  command  of  Major  Genei'al  D.  H.  Hill,  was 
engaged  in  nearly  all  of  these  battles,  and  the  regiment  bore  its 
proportionate  share  in  them,  losing  during  the  different  engage- 
ments sixty-five  in  killed  and  wounded.  In  the  battle  of  Mal- 
vern Hill,  Colonel  Worthen  was  mortally,  and  Lieutenant  Colonel 


TWENTY-EIGHTH  GEORGIA   REGIMENT.  55 

C?iin  severely  wouuded.  Colonel  Wortlien  died  at  Richmond, 
whither  he  had  been  conveyed,  on  the  3d  of  July.  The  regiment 
has  deeply  mourned  his  loss,  even  as  they  would  have  mourned 
the  loss  of  a  father.  Kind,  affable  and  affectionate,  at  the  same 
time  commanding  that  resiDect  due.  to  his  station,  he  had  won 
the  love  of  his  men  and  the  esteem  and  veneration  of  his  officers. 
Although  nearly  sixty  years  of  age,  he  entered  the  army  for  the 
defence  of  his  country  as  captain  of  Company  B,  from  which 
position  he  was  elected  to  the  Colonelcy  of  the  regiment ;  and 
during  the  memorable  seven  days  Jight  around  Richmond,  he 
led  his  regiment  in  all  the  engagements,  although  not  quite 
recovered  from  a  serere  attack  of  pneumonia,  and  when  he  fell, 
it  was  xn  front  of  his  regiment,  leading  it  on  to  glory  and  victory. 
After  the  battles  around  Jlichmond,  the  regiment  encamped 
about  three  miles  from  the  city,  on  the  York  River  railroad, 
where  it  remained  until  the  19th  day  of  August,  1862,  when  it 
was  moved  by  rail  to  Orange  Court  House.  In  the  meantime, 
Major  Graybill,  who  had  been  exchanged,  returned  and  took 
command  of  the  regiment.  From  Orange  Court  House  the 
regiment  proceeded,  on  the  2Gth  of  August,  to  the  Rapidan 
river,  and,  after  crossing  it,  proceeded,  through  Culpepper 
Court  House,  Warrenton  and  Gaiusville,  to  the  battle  field  of 
Manassas  number  two,  but  did  not  reach  there  in  time  to  parti- 
cipate in  that  glorious  victory.  From  Manassas  the  regiment 
moved,  by  Chantilly  and  Drainesville,  to  Leesburg,  where  wo 
arrived  on  the  4th  of  September.  On  the  6th  the  regiment 
again  took  up  the  line  of  march,  and,  passing  through  Leesburg 
to  the  Point  o^  Rocki»,  crossed  the  I'otomac  river  on  the  night 
of  the  5th  of  September.  The  next  morning  the  regiment  pro- 
ceeded by  Buckc-yetown,  Maryland,  to  within  four  miles  of 
Frederick  City.  Here  the  regiment  pitched  camp  and  remained 
until  the  12th,  when  it  again  moved,  ihroiigh  Frederick  City, 
by  Middletown,  to  Boonsboro,  where  it  arrived  that  evening. 
This  same  evening  Colquitt's  lirigade  was  ordered  back  to  South 
Mountain,  a  spur  of  the  Blue  Ridge,  on  the  turnpike  between 
Frederick  City  and  Boonsboro.  On  the  morning  of  the  14th 
the  enemy  made  his  appearance  and  immediately  engaged  Gar- 
land's Brigade.  General  D.  H.  Hill  Laving,  by  that  time,  moved 
up  the  whole  of  his  division,  the  engagement  became  general. 
The  Twenty-eighth,  in  conjunction  with  the  Twenty-third  Geor- 
gia Regiment,  held  a  position  on  the  turnpike,  protected  by  a 


56  HEROES  AND  MARTYRS  OF  GEORGIA. 

stone  fence,  and  although  the  enemy,  in  overwhelming  numbers, 
repeatedly  charged  their  position,  these  two  regiments  as  repeat- 
edly drove  them  back  with  heavy  loss,  and  maintained  their  position 
until  they  were  recalled  late  at  night  by  order  of  Gen.  Colquitt. 
The  regiment  on  this  occasion  was  commanded  by  Major  Gray- 
bill,  who  displayed  perfectly  the  talents  of  a  commander.  He 
very  narrowly  escaped  being  woiinded,  as  his  coat  and  vest  were 
perforated  in  several  places  by  Yankee  bullets.  The  casualties 
amounted  to  forty  (40)  in  killed,  wounded  and  missing. 

On  the  night  of  the  14th  the  reginient  again  moved  by  way  of 
Sharpsbiirg,  Maryland,  to  the  banks  of  the  Potomac  opposite  Shep- 
herdstojvn,  Virginia,  w:here  it  arrived  on  the  morning  of  the  15th. 
On  the  morning  of  the  16th  the  division  occupied  the  centre  of 
the  line  of  battle  near  Sharpsburg,-and  on  the  morning  of  the 
17th  the  regiment  participated  in  that  sanguinary  conflict,  which 
lasted  until  late  at  night.  Here  we  lost  seventy  (70)  men  in 
killed  and  wounded;  among  the  latter,  Captain  Garrison,  of 
Company  D,  a  gallant  and  efficient  officer,  who  acted  as  Major 
during  the  fight.  In  this  place,  also,  mention  should  be  made  of 
Lieutenant  J.  W.  Banning,  of  Company  E,  who,  during  the 
engagement,  had  to  take  command  of  the  regiment  because  of 
the  loss  of  superior  commanders,  and  who,  by  his  skill  and 
bravery,  won  the  admiration  of  his  men  and  the  praise  of  his 
superior  officers. 

On  the  18th  the  regiment  remained  in  line  of  battle  on  the 
ensanguined  field,  and  at  night  recrossed  the  Potomac  at  Shep- 
herdstown,  and  retreated  towards  Martinsbnrg,  where  the  army 
arrived  on  the  22d,  remained  until  the  28th,  ^nd  arrived  at 
Bunker  Hill,  twelve  miles  from  Winchester,  Virginia,  on  the  night 
of  the  30th  of  September,  1862.  The  regiment  left  that  place 
on  the  18th  of  October,  and  proceeded  to  Charlestown,  where  it 
participated  in  destroying  the  Winchester  and  Harper's  Ferry 
railroad;  left  Charlestown  on  the  morning  of  the  20th,  and  after 
crossing  the  Shenandoah  River  at  Berry's  Ferry  on  the  23d, 
encamped  between  Paris  and  Upperville.  On  the  morning  of 
the  25th  of  October  the  army  was  drawn  up  in  line  of  battle 
between  those  two  places,  expecting  the  enemy  to  attack ;  but 
on  the  morning  of  the  26th  the  army  again  marched  up  the 
Shenandoah  river  to  Front  Royal,  where  it  arrived  that  evening. 
On  the  27th  the  army  again  laid  in  line  of  battle,  and  on  the 
night  of  the  28th  it  crossed  the  south  fork  of  the  Shenandoah 


IWENTY-EIQHTH   GEORGIA  REGIMENT.  67 

river,  and  went  into  camps  about  tjiree  miles  from  Front  Royal. 
On  the  30th  of  October  the  regiment  marched  for  Strasburg,  Vir- 
ginia, where  it  arrived  that  evening ;  remained  there  u;itil  the  20th 
of  November,  when  it  again  moved  by  Woodstock  and  New 
Market,  across  the  Massenothan  range,  and  crossed  the  Blue 
Ridge  on  the  2.3d,  and  camped  that  night  near  a  little  village 
called  Craiglesville.  On  the  24th  the  regiment  proceeded  by 
Madison  Court  House,  and  encamped  within  two  miles  of  Gor- 
donsville.  Here  it  remained  until  the  27th,  when  it  again  moved 
by  Orange  Court  House  to  Fredericksburg,  near  which  place  it 
encamped  on  the  night  of  the  29th.  Next  day  it  moved  to 
Guinea's  Station,  and  from  thence,  on  the  1st  of  December,  to 
Port-  Royal,  near  the  Rappahannock  river,  where  it  remained 
until  the  morning  of  the  12th,  and  then  moved  to  Hamilton's 
Crossing,  and  on  the  morning  of  the  13th  to  the  battle  field  of 
Fredericksburg.  In  this  battle  the  Division  of  General  D.  H. 
Hill  was  not  actively  engaged,  but  was  exposed  to  the  fire  of 
the  enemy,  and  the  regiment  lost  ten  men  in  killed  and  wounded. 
On  the  15th  the  regiment  moved  into  camps  about  three  miles 
from  Guinea's  Station,  and  went  into  winter  quarters;  neverthe- 
less, the  division  performed  picket  duty  on  the  Rappahannock 
river  during  the  winter.  Nothing  of  importance  occurred  until 
the  morning  of  the  28th  of  April,  1863,  when  the  regiment  was 
ordered  to  proceed  to  Hamilton's  Crossing,  on  the  R.  &  F.  and 
P.  R.  R.,  and  formed  in  line  of  battle,  expecting  an  attack  from 
the  enemy,  who  was  crossing  the  Rappahannock  river  at  differ- 
ent fords.  On  the  night  of  the  30th  the  brigade  marched  to  the 
battle  ground  of  Chancellorsville  and  Wilderness,  and  ]iarticipa- 
ted  in  the  engagenu-nts  of  the  1st  and  2d  of  May,  1863,  where 
the  regiment,  under  c«immand  of  Colonel  GraybTll,  who  had  been 
]»romoted  from  Major  after  Lieutenant  Colonel  Cain  liad  re- 
signed,  lost  twenty-five  men  in  killed  and  Mounded.  TTie  regi- 
ment remained  on  t/ie  battU-  field  until  the  evening  of  the  5th,  a* 
fit  anniversary  for  the  terrible  night  of  May  6th,  1802,  for  it 
rained  tremendously,  and  the  roads  were  in  an  awful  condition. 
On  the  evetiing  of  the  6th  the  regiment  retumed  t*)  their  old 

camp  near  Guinea's  Station.     Here  it  remained  until  the  22d 

♦  ' 

when  the  brigade  was  ordered  to  proceed  to  Kinston,  North 

Carolina,  where  it  arrived  May  24th.     While  here  the  regiment 

performed  picket  duty  until  the  3d  day  oi'  July,  1863,  when  it 

was  ordered  back  to  Richmond  to  aid  in  repelling  a  raid  of  the 


68        HEROES  AND  MARTYRS  OF  GEORGIA. 

enemy.  On  the  9th  of  July  we  were  ordered  to  Topsail  Inlet, 
about  fifteen  miles  from  Wilmington. 

August  8th,  the  regiment  proceeded  to  Charleston,  Soutli 
Carolina,  arriving  there  on  tlie  10th.  On  its  arrival  at  Charles- 
ton, the  regiment  was  ordered  to  James  Island,  where  it  estab- 
lished camps  near  Fort  Pemberton,  on  the  west  lines.  On  the 
night  of  the  30th  of  August,  the  Twenty-seventh  and  Twenty- 
eighth  Georgia  Kegimepts,  of  this  Brigade,  were  ordered  to 
relieve  the  garrisons  of  Batteries  Wagner  and  Gregg,  on  Morris 
Island.  The  regiments  remained  there  until  the  night  of  the 
evacuation,  on  the  7th  of  September.  During  the  stay  of  the 
Twenty-eighth  on  Morris  Island,  the  regindent  was  subjected  to 
the  severest  shelling  it  has  ever  experienced  during  the  war,  and 
was  exposed  to  the  most  imminent  danger,  being  obliged  to  keep 
a  close  watch  from  the  ramparts  of  the  Fort.  Captain  W.  P. 
Crawford,  of  Company  C,  commanded  the  regiment  during  its 
stay  on  Morris  Island,  and  his  conduct  while  in  command  has 
endeared  him  to  the  whole  regiment.  Here,  too,  must  be 
recorded  the  death  of  the  brave  and  gallant  Captain  John  P. 
Haines,  of  Company  B,  who  was  killed  by  a  shell  just  as  he  had 
taken  command  of,  and  was  in  the  act  of  leading,  a  detachment 
of  one  hundred  picked  men,  of  whom  fifty  belonged  to  the 
Twenty-eighth  •'Georgia,  to  repel  a  threatened  attack  of  the 
enemy  in  the  rear  of  Battery  Wagner.  Colonel  Keitt,  com- 
manding Battery  Wagner,  had  requested  Captain  Crawford  to 
furnish  him  a  competent  and  trustworthy  officer,  and  Captain 
Haines  was  the  officer  selected. 

The  casualties  of  the  regiment  during  its  occupation  of  Morris 
Island  were  thirty-four  killed  and  wounded.  After  the  evacuation 
of  Morris  Island,  the  regiment  went  into  winter  quarters.  During 
the  winter  the  regiment  performed  picket  duty,  alternately,  at 
Seeessionville  and  Battery  Pringle,  also  at  Fort  Johnson,  and 
made  part  of  the  garrison  of  Fort  Sumter.  During  the  heavy 
bombardment  of  that  Fort,  the  regiment  lost  twenty  men  in 
killed  and  wounded.  • 

On  the  8th  day  of  February,  1864,  the  regiment  was  ordered 
to  John's  Island,  where  it  aided  in  repelling  the  enemy  to  his 
gunboats.  From  thence  it  proceeded  to  Lake  City,  Florida,  where 
it  arrived  on  the  16th  of  February.  On  the  20th  of  February 
Colquitt's  Brigade  proceeded  to  Olustee  Station,  about  ten  miles 
from  Lake  City,  where  it  encountered  a  heavy  force  of  the  enemy, 


TWENTY-EIGHTH   GEORGIA  REGIMENT.  69 

composed  of  blacks  and  whites.  Other  troops  having  come  up, 
a  general  engagement  ensued,  in  which  Colquitt's  Brigade  acted 
the  chief  part,  and  was  mainly  instrumental  in  winning  the 
glorious  A'ictory  of  Ocean  Pond.  The  regiment  here  fought 
with  undoubted  bravery,  driving  the  enemy  before  them  ;  and 
although  at  one  time  out  of  ammunition,  the  men  nobly  stood 
their  ground,  and  as  soon  as  reinforcements  and  ammunition 
arrived,  they  charged  the  enemy  and  finally  helped  to  drive  him 
from  the  field.  It  is  but  meet  to  mention  the  conspicuous  gal- 
lantry of  Color-bearer  Sergeant  Tiffany,  (which  was  noticed  by 
General  Colquitt,)  who  fell,  and  also  the  gallantry  of  William 
Patton,  of  Company  C,  who  took  the  colors  and  carried  them 
safely  through  the  fight;  and  also  the  gallantry  of  Lieutenant 
Rowe,  of  Company  E,  while  planting  the  colors  of  the  regiment 
over  two  Xapoleon  guns  captured  from  the  enemy.  Thechivalric 
Captain  Crawford,  assisted  by  the  brave  Captain  Banning,  com- 
manded the  regiment  in  this  engagement.  Captain  Crawford 
was  severely  wounded  in  the  leg  while  leading  his  men,  and  had 
to  leave  the  command  to  Captain  Banning,  who,  although  he 
had  received  a  painful  wound,  refused  to  leave  the  field,  and 
with  the  blood  streaming  from  his  wound  led  his  men  to  victory. 
A  few  days  after  the  battle,  Captain  Crawford  was  promoted  to 
Lieutenant  Colonel  and  Captain  J.  W.  Banning  to  Major.  The 
regiment  remained  at  Camp  Milton  until  the  last  of  March, 
when  it  moved  to  Baldwin,  when  it  was  complimented  by  Major 
General  Anderson,  commanding  district  of  Florida,  for  the  zeal 
and  activity  which  they  displayed  in  throwing  up  fortifications  : 
the  compliment  was  issued  in  a  General  Order.  April  19th,  the 
regiment  left  Baldwin  for  Charleston,  South  Carolina;  remained 
in  Charleston,  doing  provost  duty,  until  the  10th  of  May,  when 
it  proceeded  to  Petersburg,  Virginia,  to  rejoin  the  rest  of  the 
brigade,  which  had  preceded  il  a  few  days  before. 

May  16tb,  battle  of  Drury's  BluflT  was  fought,  and  this  regi- 
ment was  temporarily  attached  to  Martin's  Brigade,  which 
attacked  the  enemy,  but  the  Twenty-eighth  Georgia  was  not 
actively  engaged.  On  the  18th  of  May  it  rejoined  Colquitt's 
Brigade,  and  took  position  in  the  line  in  Chesterfield  County. 
While  there  a  charge  was  made  on  the  20th  of  May,  in  which  a 
detachment  of  one  hundred  men  from  the  regiment  participated, 
under  command  of  Captain  J.  A.  Johnson,  of  Company  H.  The 
detachment  Bucc««dad  in  driving  the  enemy  frgm  bis  line,  but 


60  HEROES  ANP   MARTYRS  OF   GEORGIA. 

with  heavy  loss,  losing  twenty  in  killed  and  wounded — among 
the  former  Captain  William  M.  Wood,  of  Company  A. 

May  31st,  the  regiment  proceeded  to  Cold  Harbor,  in  front  of 
Richmond,  and  took  their  position  in  the  trenches.  On  the  2d 
of  June  the  enemy  made  a  heavy  charge,  and  succeeded  in 
breaking  that  portion  of  the  line  held  by  Clinghara's  North 
Carolina  Brigade ;  but  the  Twenty-seventh  Georgia,  supported 
by  the  Twenty-eighth,  charged  in  gallant  style  from  their  posi- 
tion, and  succeeded  in  retaking  the  lost  part  of  the  line.  In  this 
brilliant  little  affair  Major  J.  W.  Banning  was  severely  wounded 
in  the  hip,  and  a  considerable  number  of  men  killed  and  wounded. 
The  enemy  charged  repeatedly  upon  our  lines'  during  their  siege 
of  Richmond,  but  were  always  repulsed  with  heavy  slaughter. 

On  the  13th  the  regiment  moved  to  Malvern  Hill,  and  on  the 
15th  recrossed  the  James  and  Appomattox  vivers,  and  arrived 
just  in  time  with  the  Division  (General  Hokes')  to  repel  an  attack 
the  enemy  made  on  the  second  line  of  breastworks  around 
Petersburg.  Here  the  regiment  occupied  a  position  in  the 
trenches  which  has  tried  the  fortitude  and  endurance  of  the  men 
lo  the  greatest  degree.  The  enemy,  having  planted  a  battery  of 
mortars  in  front  of  their  position,  shelled  the  regiment  with  great 
precision,  killing  and  wounding  a  considerable  number.  A  few 
men  were  lost,  though  not  engaged,  in  the  battle  of  the  30th  of 
July.  The  loss  of  the  regiment  from  June  1st  to  this  day, 
(August  13th)  amounts  to  eighty-two  killed  and  wounded. 

Adjutant  Thomas  O.  Wicker  of  Washington  County  deserves  special 
mention  in  connection  with  the  Twenty-eighth  Georgia.  This  gallant  and 
meritorious  young  officer  enlisted  as  a  private  in  the  Washington  Rifles,  First 
Georgia  Volunteer  Regiment,  organized  March  18th,  1861.  He  passed  through 
the  arduous  campaign  in  Northern  Virginia  under  General  Garnett.  Upon  the 
regiment  being  mustered  out  of  service,  he  organized  a  company  of  artillery 
and  was  elected  First  Lieutenant;  but  upon  being  tendered  the  position  of 
Adjutant  of  the  Twenty-eighth  Georgia,  he  resigned  his  commission  and  accepted 
the  appointment.  Owing  to  the  provisions  of  the  Promotion  Act,  adjutants  of 
regiments  were  thrown  entirely  out  of  the  line  of  promotion.  Hence,  Adjutant 
Wicker  still  holds  his  original  position. 

He  has  illustrated  in  his  own  person,  upon  many  bloody  battle  fields  of  this 
■war,  the  character  of  the  Georgia  troops.  He  has  been  most  honorably 
mentioned  several  times  in  official  reports  for  his  coolness  and  conspicuous 
courage.  He  has  now  been  strongly  recommended  by  Major  General  Hoke 
and  Brigadier  General  Colquitt,  for  promotion  for  his  gallantry. 


TWENTY-EIGHTH  GEORGIA   REGIMENT. 


61 


Since  the  foregoing  was  written,  I  have  received  from  Adjutant  T.  O.  Wicker 
the  following 

STATISTICAL  RECORD. 


Number  of  men  killed  in  action, 

Number  of  men  died  of  disease  or  wounds, 


Total  deaths. 


Discharged, 
Resigned, 


Total  real  lois, 
Wounded  in  action 


Total  real  and  temporary  loss. 


163 
243 

896 

70 
24 

490 

280 

770 


TWENTY-SEVENTH  REGIMENT 

GEOEGIA  VOLUNTEERS. 


STATISTICAL    RECORD. 

Number  of  men  originally  enlisted,       .         .         .       ,.  684 

Number  of  recruits  and  conscripts,       ....  467 

Total  strength  of  regiment, 1151 

*  LOSSES. 

Number  of  men  killed  in  action,     .        .        .        .        .  104 

Number  of  men  died  of  wounds,  disease,  &c.,       .        .  268 

Loss  by  death, 372 

Number  of  men  discharged,  <fec.,  .        .        .        .  174 

Total  loss  of  regiment,  .    '   .        .        .        .  646 

CHANGES  IN  FIELD  OFFICERS. 

The  original  field  officers  elected  were : — Levi  B.  Smith,  of 
Talbotton,  Colonel ;  S.  L.  Brewer,  of  Taylor  County,  Lieutenant 
Colonel ;  Charles  T.  Zachry,  of  Henry  County,  Major. 

Lieutenant  Colonel  Brewer  resigned  in  December,  1861,  and 
Major  Zachry  was  elected  Lieutenant  Colonel,  and  CajDtain  H. 
B.  Halliday  elected  Major.  Major  Halliday  resigned  in  August, 
1862,  and  senior  Captain  John  W.  Stub'bs  was  appointed  Major. 
Colonel  L.  B.  Smith  was  killed  at  Sharpsburg  on  the  l7th  of 
September,  1862,  and  Lieutenant  Colonel  Zachry  was  appointed 
Colonel  to  fill  the  vacancy.  Major  Stubbs  was  appointed 
Lieutenant  Colonel,  and  senior  Captain  Charles  J.  Dennis  was 
appointed  Major.  Major  Dennis  resigned  in  December,  1862, 
and  Captain  Jasper  J!^.  Dorsey  appointed  Major.  Lieutenant 
Colonel  Stubbs  resigned  in  Decembei',  1862,  and  Major  Dorsey 
was  appointed  Lieutenant  Colonel.  First  Lieutenant  and  Adjutant 
James  Gardner,  promoted  to  Major  for  distinguished  gallantry 
in  action.  Lieutenant  Colonel  Dorsey^  was  dismissed  the  service 
in  May,  1864,  by  sentence  of  General  Court  Martial,  and  Major 
Gardnej  appointed   Lieutenant  Colonel.      Captain   H.  Bussey 


TWENTY-SEVENTH   GEORGIA  REGIMENT.  68 

appointed  Major.  Lieutenant  Colonel  Gardner  was  killed  on 
the  18th  of  June,  1864,  and  Major  Bussey  was  appointed 
Lieutenant  Colonel. 

The  Twenty-seventh  Regiment  of  Georgia  "Volunteer  Infantry 
was  organized  at  Camp  Stephens,  near  Griffin,  Georgia,  and  was 
mustered  into  the  service  of  the  Confederate  States  on  the  9th 
and  1 0th  days  of  September,  1861. 

On  the  31st  of  October  it  was  ordered  to  Richmond,  Virginia, 
and  thence  to  Manassas,  where  it  arrived  about  the  16th  of 
November,  without  arms.  The  first  service  it  rendered  was  in 
the  building  of  a  bridge  across  the  Occoquan  river,  which  was 
completed  about  the  15th  of  December,  when  the  regiment  was 
ordered  into  winter  quarters  at  Camp  Pickens,  near  Manassas. 
At  this  point  the  regiment  performed  garrison  duty  until  the  9th 
day  of  March,  1 862,  when  they  were  ordered  to  Clark's  Mountain. 
Colonel  G.  B.  Anderson,  of  North  Carolina,  was  commanding  the 
brigade,  composed  of  the  Fourth  North  Carolina  Troops,  the 
Forty-ninth  Virginia  Infantry,  and  the  Twenty-seventh  and 
Twenty-eighth  Georgia  Volunteer  Regiments.  The  brigade 
arrived  at  Clark's  Mountain  on  the  20th  of  March,  1 862.  On  the 
9th  of  April,  Brigaiier  General  W.  S.  Featherstone  was  assigned 
to  and  assumed  command  of  the  brigade.  While  encamped  at 
Clark's  Mountain  the  weather  was  very  inclement,  and  the 
troo])s  suffered  exceedingly. 

On  the  evening  of  the  9th  of  April,  tlie  regiment  marched  to 
the  railroad  to  take  the  cars  for  Richmond,  through  snow  and 
sleet  from  four  to  six  inches  in  depth.  Upon  the  arrival  of  the 
regiment  in  the  city,  they  were  ordered  to  take  boat  for  Grover's 
Landing  on  the  James  river,  (this  was  on  the  10th  of  April) 
and  from  thence  were  marched  across  the  country  to  Yorktown. 
On  the  14th  day  of  April  the  Twenty-seventh  Georgia  Regiment, 
with  the  Thirteenth  Alabama  Regiment,  was  ordered  in  front  of 
the  works  to  assist  Captain  Hardaway's  Battery  in  dislodging 
some  sharpshooters,  wl)0  were  annoying  us  to  a  considerable 
extent,  from  a  pine  grove  V>etween  our  works  and  those  of  the 
enemy.  Tlie  orders  l»eing  successfully  carried  out,  the  sharp- 
shooters having  been  dislodged,  the  regiment  returnul  to  camp 
jubilant  over  their  first  engagoment  M-jth  the  enrmy,  wilhont  the 
loss  of  a  single  life.  On  the  evening  of  May  .3d,  the  reginlent 
commenced  its  retreat  with  the  whole  army  from  Yorktown;  it 
passed  through  Williamsburg  on  the  4th,  and  on  the  morninff  of 


64  HEROES  AND  MARTYRS  OF  GEORGIA. 

the  5th  the  retreat  was  resumed.  The  Twenty-seventh  Georgia 
had  marched  about  five  miles,  when  orders  were  received  for  it  to 
return  to  Williamsburg  in  double-quick  time,  to  assist  our  troops 
in  the  battle  of  Williamsburg,  which  was  then  raging.  The  rain 
was  falling,  the  roads  were  in  a  terrible  condition,  and  the  weather 
was  extremely  cold;  the  regiment,  however,  caring  nothing  for 
these  discomforts,  about  faced,  (instead  of  countermarching)  and 
started  at  the  double-quick.  Arriving  at  Williamsburg,  knap- 
sacks, haversacks,  blankets,  and  every  thing  Avhicli  could  inter- 
fere with  their  efficiency  in  battle  were  thrown  off,  by  our  boys, 
as  quickly  as  possible. 

A  position  was  assigned  to  the  Twenty-seventh  Georgia  be> 
yond  and  to  the  left  of  the  town.  This  position  they  occupied 
for  several  hours,  when  they  were  marched  to  another  position 
in  a  large  wheat  field,  where  they  remained  during  the  night, 
suffering  immensely  from  cold,  fatigue,  and  the  knawing  pangs 
of  hunger. 

About  two  o'clock  on  the  morning  of  the  6th,  the  wheat  field 
was  evacuated  and  the  line  of  march  resumed  toward  the  city  of 
Richmond.  Upon  the  arrival  of  the  regiment  at  Long  Bridge, 
they  struck  camp  and  remained  there  for  ten  or  twelve  days,  and 
then  moved  to  the  vicinity  of  Richmond.' 

At  the  battle  of  Seven  Pines,  fought  on  the  31st  of  May,  this 
regiment  participated,  going  into  action  at  two  o'clock  in  the 
afternoon,  a  little  to  the  left  of  the  Williamsburg  road.  General 
Featherstone  being  sick,  the  command  of  the  brigade  devolved 
upon  Colonel  G.  B.  Anderson,  of  North  Carolina.  Colonel 
Smith,  of  this  regiment,  was  wounded  in  the  early  part  of  the 
engagement,  but  did  not  quit  the  field  until  the  brigade  was 
relieved.  About  four  o'clock,  P.  M.,  Colonel  Jenkins,  of  South 
Carolina,  with  his  sharpshooters,  came  to  the  relief  of  the 
Twenty-seventh  Georgia,  when  a  charge  was  ordered  and  the 
enemy  were  completely  routed  in  front  of  their  position.  At 
this  juncture  the  brigade  was  relieved,  excepting  the  Twenty- 
seventh  Georgia,  who  were  ordered  to  keep  in  supporting  cMstance 
of  Colonel  Jenkins,  who  was  then  in  pursuit  of  the  enemy,  and 
render  him  any  assistance  which  might  be  necessary.  Just 
before  sundown  Colonel  Jenkins  ordered  Lieutenant  Colonel 
Zachry  (who  was  then  in  command  of  the  Twenty-seventh 
Georgia,  Colonel  Smith  having  retired)  to  form  on  his  (Colonel 
Jenkins')  right,  as  the  enemy  in  heavy  force  were  attempting  to 


TWENTY-SEVENTH   GEORGIA   REGIMENT.  65 

flauk  him  in  that  direction.  The  regiment  moved  up  at  the 
double-quick,  and  were  forming  line,  when  some  little  confusion 
occurred,  which  lasted,  however,  but  a  moment.  It  was  at  this 
time  that  Adjutant  Gardner  displayed  that  coolness  and  marked 
bravery  which  elicited  from  Colonel  Jenkins  a  personal  compli- 
ment and  recommendation  for  promotion.  Colonel  Jenkins 
succeeded,  with  the  aid  of  the  Twenty-seventh  Georgia,  in 
baffling  the  designs  of  the  enemy  upon  our  flank,  and  drove  him 
one-fourth  of  a  mile  from  their  position;  when  night  put  an  end 
to  the  conflict.  The  loss  of  the  Twenty-seventh  Georgia  in  this 
engagement  was  severe,  amounting  to  one  hundred  and  fifty-four 
(154)  killed  and  wounded. 

After  the  battle  of  Seven  Pines  a  brigade  was  formed,  consisting 
of  the  Sixth,  Twenty-third,  Twenty-seventh  and  Twenty-eighth 
Georgia  Regiments,  and  the  Thirteenth  Alabama  Regiment, 
General  Featherstone  commanding.  In  a  few  days,  however, 
General  Featherstone  was  assigned  to  duty  elsewhere,  and  the 
command  of  the  brigade  devolved  upon  Colonel  A.  H.  Colquitt, 
commanding  the  Sixth  Georgia  Regiment. 

On  the  morning  of  the  26th  of  June  the  regiment  took  up  the 
line  of  march  at  half  past  one  o'clock,  and  halted  near  Mechanics- 
ville.  The  regiment  was  engaged  in  the  battle  of  Mechanicsville 
on  the  morning  of  the  27th,  .and  at  Cold  Harbor  on  the  evening 
of  the  same  day.  At  the  battle  of  Cold  Harbor,  Gen.  Colquitt's 
Brigade  charged  the  enemy  and  gained  a  very  important  position, 
which  was  held  by  the  Twenty-seventh  Georgia  for  some  time, 
without  any  assistance  from  the  other  regiments  of  the  brigade. 
The  Sixty-first  Georgia  Regiment  was  ordered  forward  to  relieve 
the  Twenty-seventh,  but,  mLstaking  them  for  the  enemy,  fired 
into  the  regiment,  until  Adjutant  Gardner  could  pass  from  the 
extreme  right  of  the  regiment  to  its  centre,  and  have  the  colors 
raised,  by  that  means  signifying  to  them  that  we  were  friends. 
The  Sixty -first,  recognizing  the  colors,  ceased  firing,  and  coming 
quickly  forward,  relieved  the  Twenty-seventh. 

This  regiment  next  engaged  the  enemy  at  White  Oak  Swamp, 
on  the  evening  of  the  .^Ist  of  June;  and  again  on  the  evening  of 
the  Ist  of  July,  at  ^lalvern  Hill,  we  were  hurled  upon  the  foe, 
losing  very  severely  in  killed  and  wounded,  Adjutant  Gardner 
being  among  those  who  were  severely  wounded. 

About  the  6th  of  July  the  regiment  returned  to  the  vicinilv 
of  Richmond,  having  suffered  a  loss  of  one  hundred  and  twenty- 

I 


66         HEROES  AND  MARTYRS  OF  GEORGIA. 

six  men,  killed  and  wounded,  in  the  series  of  engagements,  known 
as  the  battles  around  Richmond. 

From  the  10th  of  July  until  the  iVth  of  August,  the  Twenty- 
seventh  Georgia  marched  several  times  from  the.;  vicinity  of 
Richmond  to  Malvern  Hill  and  back,  when  the  movements  of  the 
enemy  would  indicate  an  advance  from  that  point. 

On  the  19th  of  August  the  regiment  took  the  cars  at  Rich- 
mond, and  proceeded  to  Orange  Court  House,  where  it  remained 
until  the  2'7th  of  August,  when  it  took  up  the  line  of  march,  and 
joined  Generals  Lee  and  Jackson  near  Fairfax,  Virginia,  two 
days  after  the  second  battle  of  J\[anassas,  Avhere  it  rested  twenty- 
four  hours,  and  then  proceeded,  via  Leesburg  to  Frederick, 
Maryland.  After  resting  three  days  at  Frederick,  it  marched 
via  South  Mountain  and  Boonsboro,  to  withifi  six  miles  of  Hagers- 
town,  Maryland;  when  orders  were  received  to  return  at  once 
to  South  Mountain  pass,  which  was  performed  on  the  night  of 
the  12th  of  September.  On  the  morning  of  the  14th,  a  position 
was  assigned  to  the  Twenty-seventh  by  Major  General  D.  H. 
Hill,  to  Avhose  division  Col(]|uitt's  Brigade  belonged ;"  which 
position  it  held  all  that  day.  At  night  we  were  withdrawn  and 
marched  to  Sharpsburg,  from  thence  to  the  north  bank  of  the 
Potomac,  opposite  Shepherdstown,  Virginia,  where  we  arrived 
about  eleven  o'clock  on  the  morning  of  the  15th.  On  the  morn- 
ing of  the  16th,  the  brigade  was  marched  back  to  Sharpsburg, 
and  assigned  to  different  positions  during  the  day.  On  the  morn- 
ing of  the  17th,  tlie  Twenty-seventh  Georgia  Regiment  went 
into  the  fight  early  in  the  morning,  and  fought  long  and  well. 
Among  the  many  fatal  casualties  in  the  Twenty-seventh,  was 
Colonel  Smith,  as  gallant  and  generous  a  heart  as  ever  beat,  and 
whose  loss  will  be  long  deplored  by  his  surviving  comrades 
Lieutenant  Colonel  Zachry  was  severely  wounded  in  this 
engagement. 

The  loss  of  the  Twenty-seventh  Georgia  in  the  battles  of 
South  Mountain  and  Sharpsburg,  amounted  to  one  hundred  and 
forty-nine  (149)  men  killed  and  wounded. 

Leaving  Sharpsburg  on  the  morning  of  the  19th,  the  regiment 
crossed  the  Potomac  river  before  day,  and  marched  to  Martins- 
burg,  where  it  rested  two  or  three  days,  arid  then  proceeded  to 
Bunker  Hill.  We  left  Bunker  Hill  about  the  2.3d  of  October, 
and  assisted  in  tearing  up  the  railroad,  leading  from  Hai'per's 
Ferry  to  Charlestown,  on  or  about  the  night  of  the  24th  of  Sep- 


.    TWENTY-SEVENTH   GEORGIA   REGIMENT.  67 

tember.  Here  again  the  troops  suifefed  incredibly  front  tlie 
excessive  cold,  tlie  men  being  generally  poorly  clad,  and  in  many 
inst'ances  barefooted,  their  sufferings  were  verj'  severe.  After 
destroying  the  above  mentioned  railroad,  the  regiment  marched 
across  the  Shenandoah  river,  and  tamped  between  Paris  and 
Upperville,  about  the  1st  of  November.  Leaving  Paris  it 
marched  to  Front  R<jyal,  thence  to  Strasburg,  where  another 
railroad  was  destroyed. 

Between  the  loth  and  20th  of  November,  we  were  ordered  to 
march,  and  passing  Guinea's  Station  via  Orange  Court  TTouse? 
arrived  at  our  destination  in  the  vicinity  of  Port  Koyal,  on  the' 
Rappahannock,  on  the  1st  day  of  December,  The. troops  on 
this  march  m.\de  an  .average  of  twenty-two  miles  per  day,  and 
large  numbers  of  them  were  forced  to  the  necessity  of  wearing 
sandals,  niade  of  raw  hide. 

On  the  13th  of  December,  the  Twenty-seventh  participated 
in  the  battle  of  Fredericksburg.  After  the  battle  of  Freder- 
icksburg, we  went  into  winter  quarters  near  Guinea's  Station,  and 
performed  picket  duty  on  the  Rappahannock.  On  the  27th  day 
of  April,  1863,  we  took  up  the  line  of  march  for  Chancellorsville, 
where  we  were  engaged  on  the  evening  of  the  29th,  and  again 
on  the  30th  at  Wilderness  Church,  and  again  on  the  1st  day  of 
May  at  Wilderness  Tavern.  Losing  in  the  three  engagements 
fifty-seven  (57)  men  in  killed  and  wounded.  On  the  4th  d:iy  of 
May  we  returned  to  our  old  winter  quarters,  near  Guinea's 
Station.  . 

About  the  19ih  of  May  the  Twenty-seventh  Georgia  was 
«)rdered  to  report  witliout  delay  to  Major  General  D.  H.  Hill, 
commanding  the  Department  of  North  Carolina  and  Southern 
Virginia^  The  regiment  arrived  at  Kinston,  North  Carolina, 
abotit  the  28th  of  .M.\v  and  remained  there  until  the  3d  of  .Tuly, 
•when  it  was  ordered  back  t<»  Richmond  to  repel  an  anticipated 
raid  of  the  enemy;  arriving  in  l»ichmond  f»n  the  6th  it  only 
remained  a  few  d.ays,  as  it  received  orders  to  report  at  Wilming- 
ton, North  Carolin'a,  to  (ieneral  Wliiting  commanding  that  post. 
ITpoii  the  arrival  (»f  the  regiment  at  Wilmington,  it  was  imme- 
diately ordered  to  Tojisail  Sound,  on  the  oo.ast.  Here  the 
regiment  remained  until  the  10th  of  August,  when  it  w^'^  ordered 
to  report  to  General  Beauregard  at  Charleston,  South  Carolina, 
where  it  arrived  on  the  1 3th  and  marched  to  James  f  sinnd.  Abont 
the  2Hth  of  August  we  were  ordered  to  INIorri-  Island,  where  we 


68  HEROES  AND   MARTYRS  OF   GEORGIA. 

remained  until  its  evacuation,  this  regiment  covering  the  retreat 
of  the  troops  from  the  Island. 

From  September,  1863,  until  February,  1864,  the  Twenty- 
seventh  remained  on  James  Island  doing  picket  duty  there,  and 
performing  garrison  duty  at  Fort  Sumter.  On  the  morning  of 
the  12th  of  February  the  regiment  marched  for  John's  Island, 
where  it  arrived  in  time  to  assist  General  Wise  in  driving  the 
enemy  from  their  position  on  that  Island. 

On  the  14th  of  February  the  Twenty-seventh,  with  the  other 
regiments  of  Colquitt's  Brigade,  were  ordered  to  Florida,  and 
taking  the  cars  on  the  Charleston  and  Savannah  railroad  it  pro- 
ceeded to  Savannah,  thence  by  the  Atlantic  and  Gulf  railroad  to 
Valdosta,  Georgia,  where  it  arrived  on  the  15th.  From  Valdosta 
the  regiment  marched  to  Madison,  Florida,  and  from  thence  by 
railroad  to  Olustee  Station,  on  Tallahassee  and  Jackson  railroad. 
During  the  early  part  of  the  day  of  the  battle  of  Ocean  Pond, 
the  Twenty-seventh  Georgia  Regiment  was  held  in  reserve ;  but 
about  four  o'clock,  P.  M.,  it  was  ordered  into  the  engagement,  and 
immediately  charging  the  enemy,  contributed  greatly  to  the  utter 
rout  and  demoralization  of  the  enemy.  Colonel  Zachry  on  this 
memorable  occasion  was  termed  the  '•'•  Blucher'''  of  the  day.  The 
loss  of  the  Twenty-seventh  Georgia  in  the  battle  of  Ocean  Pond, 
was  very  severe  for  the  time  it  was  engaged,  amounting  to  eighty- 
seven  (87)  in  killed  and  wounded.  After  the  battle  the  enemy 
were  pursued  to  Baldwin,  Florida. 

On  the  1st  day  of  March  the  Eleventh  South  Carolina,  Twenty- 
seventh  Georgia,  and  a  force  of  cavalry,  all  under  the  command 
of  Colonel  Zachry,  were  ordered  on  a  reconnoitering  expedition. 
Near  Cedar  Creek  they  niet  with  a  force  of  the  enemy,  supposed 
to  have  been  sent  out  for  a  similar  purpose.  After  a  short 
engagement  the  enemy  were  completely  routed  ;  and  but  for  the 
failure  of  the  cavalry  to  execute  Colonel  Zachry's  orders,  the 
entire  party  would  have  been  captured.  After  the  battles  of 
Ocean  Pond  and  Cedar  Creek,  the  Twenty-seventh  Georgia 
remained  in  camp,  at  Camp  Milton,  eight  miles  south  of  Baldwin, 
Florida,  until  the  19th  of  April,  when  it  marched  for  Tebeauville^ 
on  the  Atlantic  and  Gulf  railroad.  Arriving  at  that  point  they 
took  cars,  and  proceeded  by  way  of  Savannali  to  Charleston, 
South  Carolina.  Upon  arriving  there  it  was  ordered  to  James 
Island,  where  the  regiment  remained  until  May  11th,  when  it 
returned  to  Charleston,  thence  by  railroad  to  Petersburg,  Vir- 


TWENTY-SEVENTH  GEORGIA  REGIMENT.  69 

ginia,  Stopping,  however,  a  few  days  at  Weldon,  North  Carolina, 
in  anticipation  of  a  raid  on  that  place.  Arriving  at  Petersburg 
on  the  19th,  the  Twenty-seventh  was  assigned  a  position  on  the 
front  lines  between  the  James  and  Appomattox  rivers,  where  it 
remained  until  the  3l9t,  when  it  was  ordered  to  Cold  Harbor. 
At  the  battle  of  Cold  Harbor,  on  the  1st  of  June,  five  companies 
of  this  regiment  charged  and  re-captured  that  portion  of  onr 
lines  lost  by  the  left  of  General  Clingman's  Brigade.  These  five 
companies  lost  in  the  engagement,  eleven  (11)  killed  and  iifty-four 
(54)  wounded.  The  regiment  remained  on  the  front  at  Cold 
Harbor  until  the  13th  of  June,  when  it  marched  to  Malvern  Hill, 
leaving  wliich  place  on  the  14th,  it  marched  to  the  vicinity  of 
Richmond,  where  it  remained  until  twelve  o'clock,  M.,  on  the 
loth,  when  the  march  was  resumed  to  Chester  Station,  on  the 
Richmond  and  I'etersburg  railroad,  where  it  took  the  cars  for 
Petersburg,  where  it  arrived  a  little  after  dark,  the  same  day. 

The  enemy  having  gained  our  works  by  assault  before  dark, 
the  Twenty-seventh  Georgia  was  assigned  a  position,  ami 
entrenched  themselves  during  the  night.  On  the  night  of  the 
1 7th  of  June  the  entire  line  was  changed,  and  the  Twenty-seventh 
Georgia  was  ordered  to  hold  a  very  important  salient,  where 
they  again  entrenched  themselves,  as  soon  as  it  was  possible  so 
to  do. 

On  the  evening  of  the  18th  of  June,  the  enemy  in  three  heavy 
columns,  charged  the  position  of  this  regiment.  They  were 
handsomely  repulsed,  with  severe  loss,  over  two  hundred  of  their 
dead  being  left  on  the  field.  This  salient  was  held  bv  the 
Twenty-seventh  Georgia  regiment  without  any  relief,  until  the 
24th  of  June,  with  a  loss  of  seventy-six  (76)  men  killed  and 
wounded.  Among  the  wounded  on  the  18th  was  the  gallant 
Lieutenant  Colonel  Gardner,  who  was  mortally  wounded,  and 
died  a  few  days  thereafter.  He  was  promoted  to  the  position  he 
»  held  for  distinguished  gallantry,  and  his  name  and  noble  dcedn 
will  live  forever  embalmed  in  the  hearts  of  his  surviving 
comrades. 

From  the  24th  of  Juno  until  the  18th  of  August,  this  regiment 
was  on  the  front,  one-half  of  their  time,  alternating  every  three 
days,  with  a  portion  of  General  Martin's  Brigade.  On  the  18th 
of  August,  while  the  Twcnty-sevfnth  Georgia  was  in  reserve, 
the  enemy  advanced  and  took  possession  of  the  iVeMon  and  Peters- 
bui*g  railroad,^  when  the  Twenty-seventh    was   ordered  to  th* 


70        HEROES  AND  MARTYRS  OF  GEORGIA. 

pojnt  attacked  by  the  eueuiy,  and  engaged  them  on  the  evening 
of  the  same  day.  On  the  19th  this  icgimcnt foi-med  a  portion  of 
a  flanking  party,  who  inflicted  a  heavy  loss  on  thfe  enemy  in  killed 
"and  wounded.     Many  prisoners  were  also  taken. 

The  Twenty-seventh  Georgia  on  this  occasion,  Avas  under  the 
command  of  Major  II.  Bnssey.  Owing  to  the  natural  features 
of  the  country,  consisting  as  they  did  of  thickly  wooded  spots, 
Avith  a  very  dense  undergrowth,  it  was  impossible  to  preserve 
intact  the  advancing  line  of  battle,  large  gnps  would  frequently 
be  made  in  our  lines,  through  Avhich  the  enemy  would  make 
their  way  in  detaclied  parties,  so  that  friend  and  foe  would 
become  thoroughly  intermingled,  and  of  necessity  the  fighting 
was. very  desperate,  being  sometimes  almost  hand  to  hand.  It 
was  an  occasion  which  required  great  coolness  and  decision  on 
'th'e  part  of  the  commanding  officers.  The  whole  regiment  was 
sevpral  times  in  imminent  danger  of  being  captured,  inspired 
however,  by  the  unwavering  coolness  and  intrepid  valor  of  their 
leaders,  these  wai'-worn  and  b-at tie-scarred  veterans  of  many  a 
bloody  field  would  rally  with  enthusiasm  around  their  tattered 
battle  flag,  and  drive  back  with  severe  loss  the  advances  of  their 
assailants.  A  heavy  rain  having  fallen  a  short  time  before  the 
battle  opened,  and  continuing  to  fall  during  its  progress,  the  soil 
had  become  miry  and  slippery ;  the  Twenty-seventh  Georgia 
liowever,  with  other  regiments  of  the  brigade,  making  a  gallant 
charge,  drove  the  enemy  with  great  slaughter  from  his  entrenched 
line.  Xight  put  an  end  to  the  contest.  The  loss  in  killed  and 
wounded  in  the  Twenty-seventh  Georgia  was  thirty,  and  twenty 
were  taken  prisoners.  To  compensate  for  this  loss,  besides  the 
number  of  the  enemy  killed  and  wounded,  a  very  large  number 
of  prisoners  was  taken  ;  even  the  ambulance  corps,  in  addition 
to  attending  to  the  At'ants  of  the  wounded,  captured  eighty  (80) 
})risoners. 

•  At  the  present  time,  August  30th,  1864,  the  Twenty-seventh 
Georgia  occupies  an  important  position  upon  the  defensive  lines, 
.uround  the  city  of  Petersburg,,  Virginia. 


TWENTY-SEVENTH   GEORGIA   REGIMENT. 


71 


Recapitulation  of  losses  in  the  different  battles  in  which  tiie  Twenty-seventh 


Georgia  has  been  engaged  : 

Seven  Pines, 

Battles  around  Richmond, 
Sharpsburg  and  South  Mountain, 
Chancellorsville, 
Ocean  Pond, 
■  Cold  Harbor, 
Salient  at  Petersburg, 
On  Weldon  Railroad, 


killed  and  wounded, 


Total  casualties, 

Loss  in  killed  (as  from  statistical  record) 

Loss  in  wounded,  .  '  . 


149 
126 
154 
57 
87 
65 
76 
30 

744 
104 

G4(> 


The  losses  in  the  regiment  have  certainly  been  severe.  By  adding  to  the  . 
real  losses  of  the  regiment,  amounting  to  five  hundrei^nd  forly-six  men,  the 
number  wounded  six  hundred  and  forty,  we  find  tha"  tiie  losses  of  this  regU 
ment,  like  those  of  the  Third,  Sixth,  and  other  Georgia  regiments,  exceeds  the^ 
total  numhrr  of  men  enli^sfed  and  recmiied.  This  is  explained  by  the  fact  that 
the  only  wounded  men  fosito  the  regiment,  are  those  who  have  been  discharged. 
Many  of  the  men  have  also  been  wounded  more  than  once. 


THIRD   EEGIMENT 

GEORGIA  VOLUNTEERS.. 


STATISTICAL  RECORD. 


Number  of  men  originally  enlisted, 
Number  of  men  recruited. 


Total, 


LOSSES   IN    EACH   ENGAGEMENT. 


932 
661 


1483 


Name  of  Battle. 
South  Mills,  April  12th,  1862,      . 
Richmond,  June  18th,  1862, 
King's  School  House,  June  25th,  1862, 
Malvern  Hill,  July  2d,  1862, 
Rappahannock,  August  25th,  1862, 
Manassas  Numlaer  2,  August  30th,  1862, 
Harper's  Ferry,  September  16th,  1862 
Sharpsburg,  September  lYth,  1862, 
Fredericksburg,  December  13th,  1862, 
Chancellorsville,  May  2d,  3d  and  4th,  .1863, 
Gettysburg,  July  2d,  1863, 
Manassas  Gap,  July  23d,  1863,      . 
Wilderness,  May  6th,  18%, 
Spottsylvania,  May  14th,  1864,     . 
Siege  of  Petersburg,     .         .         . 


Killed.  Wounded.  Died  of  wounds. 
5            12  2 

4  3 

5  8  1 
*    80            93                 15 


Total, 


20 
1 
10 
29 
12 
1 
11 


159 


The  losses  by  death  are : — 
Killed  in  action. 
Died  from  wounds, 
Died  from  disease. 


Total,         ... 
Discharged  and  transferred, 

Total  loss  from  all  causes, 

The  total  of  casualties  is : — 
Killed, 
Wounded, 


26 

6Y 

1 

122 

141 

37 

1 

73. 

104 

688 


1 

4 

6 

15 

1 


69 


159 

59 

213 

431 

342 

113 

159 
688 

847 


The  Third  Georgia  Regiment,  composed  of  Volunteer  com- 
panies who  responded  to  the  first  call  for  troops  to  defend  the 


THIKD  GEORGIA   REGIMENT.  73 

integrity  of  the  Confederate  States,  rendezvoused  at  Portsmouth, 
Virginia.  At  the  Gosport  Navy  Yard,  tlie  regiment  was 
organized  by  the  election  of  the  following  officers :  A.  R.  Wright 
of  Augusta,  Colonel ;  James  S.  Keid  of  iMadison,  Georgia, 
Lieutenant  Colonel  j  and  A.  H.  Lee  of  Covington,  Georgia, 
Major.  Lieutenant  W.  W.  Turner,  of  Katonton,  Georgia,  was 
appointed  Adjutant;  Captain  H.  S.  Hughs  received  the  ajtpoint- 
ment  of  Commissary,  and  Captain  Alexander  Phillips,  Assistant 
Quartermaster  of  the  regiment ;  and  the  Rev.  Mr.  Flinii  of 
Milledgeville,  was  commissioned  Chaplain. 

The  following  comj)anies  composed  the  original  organization 
of  the  regiment.  With  one  or  two  exceptions,  all  were 
organized  volunteer  companies  several  years  previous  to  the  war. 

Company  A,  Burke  Guards,  Burke  County,  Captain  CViarlea  Musgrove. 
Company  B,  Brown  Rifles,  Putnam  County,  Captain  Reuben  B.  Nisbet. 
Company  C,  Dawson  Grays.  Green  County,  Captain  Robert  L.  McWhorter. 
Company  D,  Home  Guards,  Morgan  County,  Captain  Charles  H.  Andrews. 
Company  E,  Governor's  Guards,  Houston  County,  Captain  Joel  R.  Griffin. 
Company  F,  Wilkinson  Rifles,  Wilkinson  Count}-,  Captain  William  O.  Beall. 
Company  G,  Confederate  Light  Guards,  Richmond  County,  Captain  Edward  J. 

Walker. 
Company  H,  Young  Guards,  Newton  County,  Captain  .John  F.  Jones. 
Company  I,  Blodget  Volunteers,  Richmond  County,  Captain  Foster  Blodget. 
Company  K,  Athens  Guards,  Clarke  County,  Captain  Henry  C.  Billups. 

In  August,  1861,  Captain  Blodget's  company  was  transferred 
from  the  regiment,  and  shortly  afterwards  the  Clarke  County 
Rifles,  Captain  Isaac  S.  Vincent,  and  the  Carswell  Guards,  from 
Wilkinson  County,  Captain  N.  A.  Carswell,  were  added  to  the 
regiment. 

On  the  29th  of  August,  1861,  in  pursuance  of  orders  from 
Brigadier  General,  afterwards  Major  (ieneral,  linger,  the  Third 
Georgia  embarked  on  small  steamers  and  canal  boats  for  tin- 
coast  of  North  Carolina.  Information  being  receiver!  on  the 
way  that  Port  Hatteras  had  fallen,  the  Third  Georgia  was  landed 
on  Roanoke  Island,  and  charged  with  the  important  duty  of 
fo^ifying  that  position  as  speedily  as  poRsibie,  in  order  to 
prevent  the  further  encroachments  of  the  Yankees  on  the  inland 
waters  of  North  Carolina,  and  the  approaches  to  the  rear  of 
Norfolk.  The  emergency  was  great,  and  the  men  comi»rehending 
it,  worked  with  a  will,  night  and  day  for  several  weeks,  until 
formidaVile  sand  batteries,  mounted  with  thirty-two  pounders 
and  columbiads  bade  defiance  to  Batler^s  fleet. 


74  HEROES  AND   MARTYRS  OF  GEORGIA. 

On  the  1st  of  October  three  or  four  companies  of  this  regiment 
emba!-kcd  on  two  or  three  gnnboats  belonging  to  Commodore 
Lyncli's  iieet,  and  participated  in  the  capture  of  the  United 
States  gunboat  Fanny.  The  prize,  with  its  cargo  of  provisions 
and. clothing  for  the  Twentieth  Indiana  Regiment,  estimated  to 
be  worth  one  hundred  thousand  dollars,  together  with  two  pieces 
of  field  artillery  and  about  forty  prisoners,  were  the  fruits  of 
this  combined  movement  of  our  little  navy  and  the  four  compa- 
nies<above  mentioned. 

On  the  4th  of  October  all  the  companies  of  this  regiment, 
about  seven  hundred  strong,  together  with  two  companies  of  the 
Seventh  North  Carolina  State  Troops,  and  Colonel  Shaw's 
Eighth  North  Carolina  Regiment,  went  on  board  the  gunboats 
and  transport  steamers  constituting  Commodore  Lynch's  "  Mos- 
quito Fleet,"  and  sailed  by  night  for  the  point  where  the  Fanny 
had  been  captured.  Arrived  there,  the  camp  of  the  enemy  was 
discovered  on  the  Chickamacomico  banks,  and  we  at  once 
commenced  a  vigorous  shelling.  The  enemy's  camj)  was  stam- 
peded, the  Hessians  flying  for  their  lives.  They  left  behind 
them  a  smoking  breakfast  of  poultry,  coifee  and  various  other 
luxuries.  Their  whole  camp  equipage,  consisting  of  tents, 
cooking  titensils,  etc.,  all  the  officers'  baggage,  and  ten  days' 
rations  of  bacon,  bread,  sugar,  coffee,  &c.,  fell  into  our  hands  ; 
all  of  which  was  successfully  transported  to  our  own  camp  on 
Roanoke  Island. 

The  Third  Georgia  landed  as.  soon  as  possible,  wading  in  the 
water  up  to  their  cai'tridge  boxes  about  one  half  mile,  and 
immediately  started  in  rapid  pursuit  of  the  Yankees.  The  latter 
having  about  two  hours'  start  of  us,  the  time  occupied  in  landing 
troops,  and  proving  exceedingly  swift  footed,  kept  out  of  our 
reach,  and  succeeded  in  gaining  the  light  house,  where  they 
received  reinforcements, — not  escaping,  however,  without  a  loss 
of  about  forty  prisoners,  and  the  throwing  away  of  nearly  all 
their  knapsacks  and  accoutrements,  and  the  throwing  into  the 
sea  of  all  the  muskets  belonging  to  their  regiment.  ^ 

On  the  5th,  the  Third  Georgia  and  two  companies  of  the 
Seventh  North  Carolina,  having  chased  the  enemy  a  distance  of 
twenty  miles,  returned  to  the  place  of  landing.  While  returning 
along  the  ocean  beach,  the  troops  Avere  shelled  for  several  hours 
by  the  Federal. sloop  of  wr^r  MonHcdlo.,  but  escaped  without 
loss  of  life  OP  casualties  of  Sihy  kind.      After  going  through  that 


THIRD   GEORGIA  REGIMENT.  75 

arduous  luarcli,  all  safely  rctnniecl  oii  tiie  Gth,  to  Roanoke  Island, 
with  a  loss  of  but  one  man,  m  lio  <lied  from  exliauslion  on  the 
march.  Tiic  above  detailed  aftUir  is  well  known  as  the  "Chicka- 
macomico  races." 

After  completing  the  fortifications  on  Roanoke  Island  and 
building  winter  quarters, — <.he  enemy  in  the  meanwliije  having 
been  kept  close  to  their  conquest  of  the  Ilatteras  sand  banks,— "■ 
our  regiment  was  relieved  by  the  Thirty-tirst  North  Carolina, 
Colonel  Jordan,  and  returned  to  General  Blanchard's  Brigade 
station,  ui'ound  l\)itsmouth. 

After  the  fall  of  Koauoku  Island,  the  regiment  was  ordered  to 
Elizabeth  City,  North  Carolina,  and  remained  in  that  vicinity  for 
several  months. 

On  the  19th  of  April,  1862,  Colonel  VV right,  then  in  command  of 
the  forces  around  South  Mills,  learning  of  the  landing  of  a  large 
body  of  the  Yankees  prepared  his  troops  (consisting  of  a  few 
militia  under  Colonel  Furribee,  two  companies  of  the  Seventh 
North  Carolina,  Ca])lain  McComas' Virginia  battery,  and  theThird 
Georgia)  for  battle.  With  this  small  force  we  met  the  enemy, 
and  a  battle  was  fought  about  two  miles  south  of  South  Mills, 
which  resulted  in  inflicting  a  heavy  loss  upon  the  enemy-.  We 
kept  them  back  until  nearly  night,  when  our  forces  fell  back  into 
their  entrenchments,  and  the  enemy  came  upon  the  ground  occu- 
jiied  by  us  in  the  morning.  After  niglu  the  enemy  retreated  to 
tljeir  gunboats,  leaving  their  dead  and  pait  of  their  wounded  in 
our  hands.  Considering  the  disparity  of  numbers  engaged— the 
enemy's  force  consisting  of  three  brigades  of  infantry,  with  two 
batteries  of  artillery,  all  under  the  command  ol'  Hrigadiei-  (icTic- 
ral  Reno,  while  our  force  engaged  scarcely  numbered  four  hun- 
dred, and  tlie  whole  force  present  amounting  to  but  six  hundred 
— the  brilliancy  of  this  affair  is  eclipsed  by  no  achievement  of 
the  war.  Our  loss  in  killed,  wounded,  and  missing,  was  four- 
teen, while  that  of  tlte  enemy  is  estim.ate<l  at  from  four  to  five 
hundred. 

On  the  28th  of  April,   1802,  the  regiment  was  reorifanized 
according  to  the  provisions  of  the  conscript  act.     Hut  five  of  the 
old  Captains  were  re-elected.     Colonel  A.  K.  W light  and  I^ieu- 
1«-nant-Colonel  James  S.  Reid,  were  re-elected  to  their 
and   Lieutenant  John   1^    <tM""-    "f  •••<•   Po-.l-    '^i  is 

elected  Major. 
,  About  the  time  of  the  evacuatiuu  of  NvrfolkauJ  rortomouth, 


76  HEROES  AND   MARTYRS  OF  GEORGIA. 

this  command  was  ordered  to  Suffolk,  and  from  there  marched 
across  the  country  to  Petersburg ;  and  just  before  the  battle  of 
Seven  Pines,  joined  the  Army  of  General  Joseph  E.  Johnston. 
Though  on  the  field  and  under  fire,  we  did  not  become  engaged 
in  that  battle. 

During  the  month  of  June,  we  occupied  a  position  on  the  ex- 
treme front  line  of  the  Chickahominy,  on  the  Williamsburg  road, 
being  on  picket  duty  or  supporting  the  pickets  the  whole  time. 
Besides  many  smaller  engagements,  we  participated  in  a  hot 
skirmish  on  the  18th.  of  June,  driving  back  a  New  Hampshire 
brigade  with  a  considerable  loss  to  them  in  killed  and  wounded, 
and  about  a  dozen  prisoners,  while  we  lost  two  killed.  On  the 
25th  of  the  same  month,  we  were  called  upon  to  repel  a  heavy 
advance  of  the  enemy  on  our  picket  lines  which  crossed  the  Wil- 
liamsburg road.  Though  under  a  heavy  storm  of  bullets  all  day, 
and  for  several  hours  a  perfect  hail  storm  of  grape  and  canister, 
we  had  not  the  opportunity  of  returning  the  fire.  On  this  occa- 
sion we  lost  two  killed  and  several  severely  wounded. 

About  the  3d  of  June  Colonel  A.  R.  Wright  was  promoted  to 

be  Brigadier  General,  leaving  Major  Sturgis  commander  of  the 

Third  Georgia,  Lieutenant  Colonel  Reid   having  resigned  about 

the   same  time.     We   participated    in    all    the   manoeuvres  and 

marching  of  Wright's  Brigade,  Huger's  Division,  during  the  few 

days  preceding  the  1st  of  July,  and  on  that  day,  with  the  other 

regiments  composing  the  brigade,  opened  the  fight  at  Malvern 

Hill.     The  Third  Georgia  was  in  the  \insuccessful  charge  upon 

the  enemies  batteries,  and  lost  heavily  in  officers  and  men.  While 

they  remained  in  the  fight,  holding  the  ground  gained,  until  nine 

o'clock,  P.  M.,  our  loss  in  killed  was  fifty-seven  and  in  wounded 

ninety-four.     Major  John  R.  Sturgis  was  among  the* killed;  he 

was  a  Christian  gentleman,  polished  and  courteous ;  he  was  also 

an  efficient  officer  and  generally  very  popular  among  his  men 

and  with  his  superior  officers.     As  do  the^^brave,   he  fell  on  the 

field  of  victory  with  his  sword  di-awn  in   his  country's  cajiise. 

Captain  R.  B.  Nisbet,  second  in  command,  behaved   gallantly 

and  fearlessl)  upon  this  bloody  field,  and  was  severely  wounded. 

We  took  iuio  action  about  two  hundred  and  fifty  men,  rank 

and  file. 

On  the  Chickahominy  we  suffered  sevei'ely  from  disease.  In 
one  month  our  ranks  were  reduced,  by  sickness  and  the  casualties 
of  battle,  from  one  thousand  to  about  three  hundred  for  duty. 


^  TmRD  GEORGIA   REGIMENT.  77 

Soon  after  the  battles  around  Richmond,  we  were  left  without 
field  officers,  and  even  without  a  Captain  to  take  command.  At 
this  period  Major  N.  B,  Montgomery,  P.  A.  C.  S.,  was  assigned 
to  the  command  of  the  Third  Georgia.  Soon  after  the  celebrated 
campaign  against  Pope  commenced,  in  which  this  regiment 
participated,  and  in  the  laurels  won  in  that  campaign  by  Ander- 
son's Division,  this  regiment  claims  a  full  share.  At  the  second 
battle  of  ^lanassas  we  lost  four  killed  and  twenty-two  Mounded. 
Major  Montgomery  comm.anded  in  this  engagement,  and  distin- 
guished himself  by  his  fearlessness  on  the  field  of  battle.  He 
received  a  severe  wound,  disabling  him  from  command.  At  this 
time  Captain  Nisbet  (then  entitled,  and  soon  after  promoted,  to 
the  rank  of  Lieutenant  Colonel)  returned  and  assumed  command 
of  the  regiment.  The  next  important  battle  in  which  our  regi- 
ment was  engaged,  w.as  Sharpsburg.  Here  we  took  into  action 
one  hundred  and  twenty-five  men,  and  lost  twenty-four  killed 
and  forty-eight  wounded.  Lieutenant  Colonel  Nisbet  commanded 
the  regiment  in  this  never  to  be  forgotten  battle,  and  after  leading 
his  command  into  line,  fell  dangerou^y  wounded  in  several  places. 
He  w.as  left  on  the  field  of  battle  and  fell  into  the  hands  of  the 
enemy.  Captain  John  F.  Jones  succeeded  to  the  command  of 
the  regiment.  He  was  soon  after  promoted  to  Major,  while  Cap- 
tain Edward  J.  Walker  was  made  Colonel,  and  Csptain  R.  B. 
Nisbet  Lieutenant  Colonel  of  the  regiment.  In  the  first  battle 
of  Fredericksburg,  though  present  on  the  field  and  under  a  heavy 
fire,  we  did  not  become  engaged  with  the  enemy.  We  lost  one 
man  killed  by  a  shell,  Colonel  Edward  J.  Walker,  commanding. 
During  the  months  of  January  ami  February,  1863,  Wright's 
Brigade  was  stationed  at  the  United  States  Ford,  on  the  Rap- 
})ahannock.  Fortifications  were  required,  and  the  men  worked 
day  and  night,  through  snow  and  rain,  to  complete  them.  The 
Third  Georgia  bore  more  than  an  equal  share  in  these  hardships. 
The  sufferings  of  this  command  at  United  States  Ford,  from  cold 
short  rations,  and  a  scanty  supply  of  clothing,  could  scarcely 
have  been  excelled  by  those  which  so  severely  tried  the  fortitude 
.and  patriotism  of  our  forefathers,  when  quartered  in  the  historic 
Valley  Forge.  Tender  command  of  Major  Jones,  the  Tliird  Geor- 
gia .'shared  in  all  the  marches  and  engagements  aromid  Chancel- 
lorsville  and  Fredericksburg  during  the  first  week  in  May. 
Major  Jones  received  a  wound  at  Chancellorsvillo  which  cost  him 
his  right  arna.     In  a  charge  upon  the  Yankees  around  Donmond'i 


78  HEROES  AND   MARTYRS  OF  GEORGIA. 

house,  near  Fredericksburg,  under  the  immediate  observation  of 
General  Lee,  the  Third  Georgia  elicited  the  hearty  praise  of  that 
soldier  chieftain.  Our  loss  in  the  several  engagements  was  six- 
teen killed  and  one  hundred  and  fifteen  wounded. 

The  Third  Georgia  continued  in  Wright's  Brigade,  Anderson's 
Division,  Hill's  Corps,  and  participated  largely  in  all  the  hard- 
ships and  fighting  of  these  organizations  in  the  second  invasion 
of  the  enemy's  country  by  tlie  Army  of  Northern  Virginia. 

The  deeds  of  Wright's  Brigade  on  the  2d  of  July,  1863,  at 
the  battle  of  Gettysburg,  aj-e  already  knovyn  to  the  public.  It  is 
but  sufficient  to  say,  that  the  Third  Georgia  merited  a  full  share 
of  the  laurels  won  there.  We  carried  into  action  five  hundred 
men,  and  our  losses  were  forty-one  killed  and  one  hundred  and- 
forty-eight  wounded.  Colonel  Walker  commanded  in  the  battle  of 
Gettysburg,  and  Captain  C.  H.  Andrews  acted  as  Lieutenant 
Colonel. 

On  the  23d  of  July,  1863,  Wright's  Brigade  was  ordered  to 
guard  the  pass  at  Manassas  Gap.  The  different  corps  of  our  army 
were  marching  through  Front  Royal  and  Chester  Gap,  and  it 
was  important  to  prevent  the  enemy  from  cutting  our  columns  in 
two.  This  regiment  was  assigned  to  a  position  on  the  right  of 
the  brigade,  and  separated  from  it  nearly  a  mile.  Our  posi- 
tion was  on  the  top  of  a  mountain,  which  commanded,  a  view  of 
the  enemy's  positioi*.  About  two  o'clock,  P.  M.,  the  enemy 
having  concentrated  a  force  of  about  ten  thousand  men,  advanced 
in  solid  column.  Our  command  skirmished  with  them  until 
numbers  bore  down  too  heavily,  when  we  fell  back  to  a  position 
nearer  the  brigade.  Here  Captain  Andrews,  in  obedience  to 
orders  to  hold  our  position  at  all  hazards,  disposed  of  his  forces 
properly,  and  calmly  awaited  tlie  approach  of  the  enemy.  Soon 
their  solid  massive  columns  appeared  over  the  mountain  top,  and 
they  came  pouring  down  upon  us.  When  they  arrived  within 
three  hundred  yards,  our  Enfield  rifles  commenced  fire  upon  them, 
and  as  they  steadily  advanced,  our  boys  kept  up  a  (iontinuous 
fire,  which  often  broke  their  ranks,  and  turned  them  back  in  con- 
fusion. But  the  fresh  columns  supporting  their  advance  came  on, 
until  out-flanked  and  borne  down  by  weight  of  numbers,  our 
regiment  was  ordered  to  tall  back  to  the  supporting  line  behind 
us.  The  Yankees  did  not  pursue,  being  checked  by  our  artil- 
lery, which  had  by  this  time  gotten  into  position.  We  had  done 
heavy  execution  in  the  enemy's  ranks,  killing   and  wounding 


THIRD   GEORGIA  REGIMENT.  79 

more  tlian  the  total  number* of  oui*  regiment  engaged;  besides, 
our  biigade  tlius  lield  the  enemy  in  check  until  Lieutenant  Gen- 
eral Ewell  could  bring  up  the  troops  of  his  corps,  and  get  them 
into  position  to  prevent  their  further  advance.  Colonel  Edward 
J.  Walker  was  in  command  of  the  brigade,  and  was  badly 
wounded.  Tlie  regiment  numbered  in  this  engagement  about 
two  hundred  men,  and  lost  in  kjlled,  fourteen,  and  in  wounded, 
forty-five  men.  The  brigade  was  highly  complimented  by  Lieu- 
tenant General  EwcU,  who  was  on  the  field  and  witnessed  its 
conduct.  The  troops  in  the  line  of  battle  supporting  us,  were 
on  a  hill  which  commanded  a  view  of  the  combatants.  They 
warmly  congratulated  their  comrades  of  the  Third  Georgia  upon 
theii"  heroic  conduct. 

The  enemy  after  a  long  season  of  quiet,  suddenly  exhibited 
signs  of  activity  euily  in  May,  1864. 

On  the  4th  instant,  the  regiment,  in  conjunction  with  the  Divi- 
sion of  General  Anderson,  broke  u})  cam|)  and  marched  to 
Vediersville.  A  part  of  our  cavalry  force  had  already  engaged 
the  enemy  and  drove  them  back  towards  Chancellorsville.  We 
continued  on  the  road  to  a  point  known  as  Parker's  Store,  w*hen 
the  advance  of  otir  army  became  engaged,  and  fought  during  the 
rest  of  the  day,  and  again  on  the  next  day.*  These  fights  on  the 
5th  and  6tb  of  May,  are  well  known  as  the  battle  of  the  Wil- 
derness. 

General  Gr.ant  having  failed  in  his  direct  assault,  pursued  his 
future  movements  by  parallels,  and  the  two  armies  again  collided 
at  Spottsylvania  Court  House.  The  Third  Georgia  was  not 
actively  engaged  in  the  g^jneral  engagements  of  either  of  the 
above  named  fights,  VmU  on  the  14th  instant  at  Spottsylvania,  in 
connection  with  other  forces,  charged  the  Yankees  in  their  breast- 
works, and  after  a  fight  of  twenty  minutes  duration,  routed 
them,  capturing  one  stand  of  colors,  and  many  small  arms.  Our 
lo.<»s  was,  for  the  length  of  time  engaged,  very  severe,  being 
Hcrenty-eight  men  killed  and  wounded.  Again  the  enemy  moved  ; 
this  time  towards  the  Xorth  Anna  river.  During  this  movement, 
bis  rear  was  attacked  by  a  poition  of  Anderson's  Division,  this 
regiment  supporting  Harris'  Mississippi  Brigade.  The  enemy 
were  forced  back  upon  the  main  column,  bnt  owing  to  the  lat«-, 

♦I  am  flfpured  thai  my  informant  (the  AfljiitAnt  of  the  Thii  i  is 

mistaken  in  llie  daten  of  tlie  L>atllc  of  Ihe  Wiliierness,  and  liav<  -m 

accordingly. 


80  HEROES  AND  MARTYRS   OF   GEORGIA. 

ness  of  the  hour,  farther  active  (Operations  were  suspended. 
Many  minor  incidents  of  interest  occurred,  but  which  space 
forbids  mention  of.  The  regiment  after  the  incident  mentioned 
above  marched  to  Petersburg.  To  detail  all  that  has  been  done 
by  Anderson's  Division,  which  during  the  whole  campaign  has 
been  commanded  by  General  Mahone,  and  in  which  the  Third 
Georgia  has  borne  a  conspicuous  part,  would  occupy  too  great 
space. 

The  regiment  took  a  part  in  the  dreadful  fight  of  July  30th, 
when  Grant,  by  springing  a  mine  under  our  works,  succeeded  in 
gaining  foothold  within  our  lines.  The  Third  Georgia  was  in 
the  desperate  charge,  (which  resulted  in  the  almost  total  annihi- 
lation of  the  Yankees  and  negroes,  who  were  in  our  lines,)  and 
lost  heavily.  In  appreciation  of  the  services  of  the  division 
during  the  siege  of  Petersburg,  General  A.  P.  Hill  has  published 
the  following  congratulatory  order,  in  which  he  expresses  his 
admiration  for  the  great  services  performed  by  the  division  : 

Headquarters  Third  Army  Corps,  ) 
August  -ith,  1864.      J 

GENERAL  ORDERS  No.  17. 

Anderson's  Division,  commanded  by  Brigadier  General  "William  Mahone,  has 
so  distinguished  itself  by  its  successes  during  the  present  campaign,  as  to  merit 
the  special  mention  of  the  corps  commander;  and  he  tenders  to  the  division,  its 
officers  and  men,  his  thanks  for  the  gallantry  displayed  by  them,  whether  in 
attacking  or  attacked. 

Thirty-one  (31)  stand  of  colors,  fifteen  (15)  pieces  of  artillery,  and  four  thou- 
sand (4000)  .prisoners*  captured  in  battle,  are  the  proud  mementoes  which 
signalize  their  valor,  and  entitle  it  to  the  admiration  and  gratitude  of  our  coun- 
try. [Signed] 

A.  P.  HILL,  Lieutenant  General. 

Of  the  above  three  stand  of  colors,  many  prisoners  and  part 
of  a  battery  of  artillery,  show  what  part  the  Third  regiment  has 
taken  in  the  conflicts  of  the  campaign,  while  its  long  list  of  killed 
and  wounded  sufficiently  attest  its  gallantry.  The  fight  of  July 
30th  was  the  last  engagement  in  which  the  Third  Georgia  has 
borne  a  part  up  to  the  present  time  of  writing,  (August  4th.) 
The  instances  of  personal  bravery  have  been  so  numerous  that 
commanders  dislike  to  make  distinctions,  in  giving  names  to  the 
public.     A  fevv  are,  hoWever,  appended. 

In  the  charge  at  Gettysburg,  while  the  regiment  was  driving 
the  enemy  before  them,  the  color-bearer  was  shot  down  and  the 
battle  flaty  fell  to  the  ground.  Adjutant  Samuel  L.  Alexander, 


THIRD  GEORGIA  REGIMENT.  81 

being  near  by  snatched  up  the  colors  and  bore  them  aloft,  as  the 
regiment  advanced  triumphantly  to  the  guns  of  the  enemy. 
While  carrying  the  colors  Adjutant  Alexander  had  his  uniform 
pierced  by  eight  bullets,  and  was  severely  wounded  in  the  right 
arm. 

The  day  after  the  battle  of  Manassas,  No.  2,  Lieutenant  John 
H.  Evans,  of  Covington,  then  but  a  mere  boy  in  years,  was  wan- 
dering over  the  battle  field,  when  he  came  suddenly  upon  a 
picket  of  the  enemy,  consisting  of  thirty  (30)  men,  who  in  the 
hurry  of  the  flight,  the  day  previous,  had  not  been  relieved.  Not 
at  all  abashed  by  the  number  of  the  enemy,  he  coolly  ordered 
them  to  surrender,  and  marched  them  triumphantly  to  the  rear. 

After  leaving  the  Chickamacomico  beach,  it  was  discovered, 
upon  our  return  to  Roanoke  Island,  that  one  poor  youth  was 
missing,  having  been  when  last  seen,  delirious  and  idiotic  from 
excessive  fatigue.  Colonel  Wright  called  for  a  volunteer  to  go 
in  searcli  of  him.  Private  Rice,  of  company  H,  stepped  forward 
and  offered  his  services  which  were  accepted.  Securing  a  small 
skiff,  he  recrossed  the  Albemarle  Sound,  landed  on  the  beach 
then  reoccupied  by  the  Yankees,  and  after  sevtjral  days'  absence 
and  many  adventures,  returned  to  Roanoke  Island,  bringing  in 
safety  bis  lost  friend.  And  thus  instance  after  instance  might  be 
related  of  individual  gallantry  and  devotion,  enough  to  fill  a 
volume ;  and  it  is  easier  to  mention  the  few  who  have  not  behaved 
well,  than  the  many  who  have  on  all  occasions  and  under  all 
circum^^tance8,  sustained  so  nobly  their  own  and  their  regiment's 
widely  known  renown. 

Not  a  field  officer  who  has  ever  commanded  in  action  has 
escaped.  General  A.  R.  Wright,  late  Colonel  of  the  Third 
freorgia,  has  been  twice  wounded.  Major  Sturgis  was  killed  ; 
Major  Montgomery  wounded ;  Colonel  Walker  wounded  ;  Lieu- 
tenant Colonel  Nisbet  has  been  wounded  time  and  again ;  Major 
Jones  also  severely  wounded.  Company  A  has  had  three  officers 
killed  or  maimed  for  life,  and  two  wounded  twice.  Company  B 
of  Putnam  has  had  thirteen  men  killed  and  eighty-eight  wounded. 
Company  F,  of  Wilkinson,  has  had  twenty-two  killed  and  seventy- 
two  wounded.  In  a  word,  the  Third  Georgia,  or  the  "old  Third," 
as  it  is  called  in  Anderson's  Division,  is  one  of  the  historic 
regiments  of  our  State,  and  needs  no  laudation,  as  its  gallant 
deeds  are  entwined  around  the  hearts  of  a  grateful  people.  Like 
the  Fourth,  Sixth,  Seventh,  Eighth,  Twelfth,  Fourteenlh  and 

K 


82  HEROES  AND   MARTYRS  OF   GEORGIA. 

Eij^hteenth  and  other  of  the  first  volunteer  regiments  in  the; 
Army  of  N^orthern  Virginia,  it  hus  made  for  itself  an  imperishable 
renown,  and  decked,  its  banners  with  imfoding  laurels.  And 
to-day  she  holds  her  place  on  the  riglit  of  Wright's  Brigade,  five 
hundred  strong,  despite  the  grape,  canister  and  rainie  balls, 
despite  the  frequent  presence  of  the  grim  monster  Death,  ready 
to  enter  upon  another  campaign  with  a  courage  as  high,  an 
enthusiasm  as  noble,  as  she  exhibited  upon  the  1st  of  May,  1861, 
when,  she  .marched  from  the  city  of  Augusta,  near  one  thousand 
strong,  on  her  route  to  the  glorious  Old  Dominion,  with  drums 
beating  and  banners  flying,  over  a  host  of  as  brave  hearts  and 
strong  arms  as  ever  oifered  themselves  as  modern  "  Macarias  '* 
upon  the  sacrificial  altars  of  their  country. 

The  following  resolution  was  adopted  unanimously  by  the  last 
Congress : — 

"  Joint  Mesolution  of  thanks  to  the  Officers  and  Men  of  the 
Third  Georgia  Regiment. 

"Resolved  by  the  Congress  of  the  Confederate  States  of 
America, — That  the  thanks  of  Congress  are  due,  and  are  hereby 
tendered  to  the  ofllcers  and  men  of  the  Third  Georgia  Regiment, 
through  its  representatives  in  Congress,  who  were  the  first  to 
leave  their  state  to  battle  on  the  soil  of  Virginia ;  whose  gallant 
dead  have  been  left  on  many  of  her  historic  battle-fields;  which 
entire  regiment,  to  a  man,  has  cheerfully  and  xinanimously 
re-enlisted  for  the  war, — resolving  that  as  they  were  the  first  to 
take  up  arms  in  the  cause  of  liberty  and  independence,  they  will 
be  the  last  to  lay  them  down. 

"Approved  February  15th,  1864." 

Thus  hurriedly  and  incompletely  has  been  thrown  together  a 
few  of  the  prominent  facts  connected  with  the  history  of  this 
regiment, — hoping  that  when  peace  shall  again  smile  upon  us, 
you  may  be  enabled  to  collect  from  the  remnant  of  its  war-worn 
veterans,  materials  to  fill  a  niche  in  a  full  and  complete  history 
of  the  volunteer  soldiery  of  the  Empire  State  of  the  South. 

Connected  with  this  regiment  are  two  or  three  incidents  which  I  have 
gathered  outside  of  the  foregoing  report,  and  I  am  constrained  to  notice  them_ 

A  GALLANT  LIEUTENANT. 

During  one  of  our  fights  with  tlie  enemy  near  Spottsylvania  Court  House 
Virginia,  on  the  14th  of  May,  General  Wright's  Brigade  was  ordered  to  charge 
the  enemirs  works.      In  doing  so  the  Third  Georgia  passed  through  a  heavy 


THIRD   GEORGIA   REGIMENT.  83 

fire  of  minie  balls,  losing  seventy-cij^ht  men  in  killed  and  wounded.  The 
color-bearer  of  the  regiment  being  wounded,  planted  the  colors  in  tlie  ground 
and  retired  to  the  rear.  At  this  moment  the  skirmish  line  was  ordered  to  halt, 
which  was  understood  by  many  As  an  order  for  the  regiment  to  halt,  which 
they  did.  Perceiving  that  a  crisis  was  at  hand,  Lieutenant  R.  G.  HjTiian 
sprang  forward,  seized  the  colors  fix)m  amid  a  jjile  of  tlie  slain,  and  waving  the 
«ro8s  of  our  country  in  the  face  of  th^  foe,  called  upon  the  old  Third  to  rally 
to  it,  which  they  did  with  a  rebel  yell,  and  the  Yankee  breastworks  wcro 
taken.  Lieutenant  Ilyman  was  at  least  fifty  yards  in  advance  of  the  regiment 
all  the  time.  He  has  been  highly  complimented  by  Lieutenant  General  Hill 
and  all  his  officers ;  he  is  of  Company  F,  of  Wilkinson  County,  Georgia. 

Color-sergeant  Li\ingston  of  Company  C,  was  killed  while  bearing  the 
colors  at  least  thirty  yards  in  front  of  his  regiment.  His  gallantry  was 
particularly  conspicuous,  and  his  name  deserves  to  be  placed  high  in  the  list 
of  the  "  Heroes  and  Martyrs"  of  our  native  state. 

The  original  color  guard  of  ten  men  of  this  regiment,  have  nil  been  killed 
in  battle,  excepting  E.  R.  Hughes  of  Wilkinson  County,  and  his  life  would 
doubtless  have  been  lost,  had  it  not  been  for  the  ball  striking  two  brass  checks 
in  his  pocket.     As  it  was,  he  was  severely  wounded. 

In  closing  this  list,  I  cannot  forbear  mentioning  the  name  of  the  brave  but 
unfortunate  Lieutenant  Colonel  R.  B.  Nisbet,  wl)ose  name  is  almost  a  by- word  in 
his  brigade,  for  coolness,  courage  and  unexcelled  bravery.  At  Sharpsburg  he 
received  seven  very  severe  pounds,  any  of  which  might  have  proven  fatal.  Ho 
was  severely  wounded  at  Malvern  Hill  also.  He  is  now  placed  on  the  retired 
list,  but  his  burning  sjnrit  is  still  eager  for  the  fray.  His  many  honorable 
scars  point  to  him  the  necessilj'  of  his  remaining  in  quiet,  but  the  bugle  notes 
of  his  gallant  comrades'  battle  shout,  arouse  the  lion  within  )iim,  and  hia  soul 
pants  to  lead  them  on  Ut  victory  in  his  country's  cause. 

Tliere  appears  a  wide  difTiarity  between  the  report  of  casualties  by  the 
Adjutant,  and  the  rei>ort  furnished  me  by  a  member  of  the  regiment,  revised 
uid  corrected  by  Colonel  Kiabet  falmselfl  According  to  the  information  I  have 
--fciaed  by  enquiry  among  the  company  commanders,  Ac,  the  losses  of  the 
Third  Georgia  in  killed  and  wounded,  stand  as  follows:  — 

Killf  1  in  action 221 

^\v.unded 667 


Total  of  caHOflltiefi, 


Company  F,  of  Wilkinson  County,  according  te  the  report  of  the  Adjutant, 
has  lost  twentj'-two  (22)  men  killed:  but  Captain  Mason,  its  commander,  assures 
me  that  he  has  lost  Uurly-<Jiue  ( '11)  men  killed,  i  am  informed  that  tlie  cause  of 
the  difference  in  the  \\\  ii  the  Adjutant'*  book  has  h 

twice  lost,  and  that  tli'  lies  in  his  report;  also  that 

been  several  incumbent-)  of  lli<-  aiijiii^uuy,  and  that  an  error  in  th<-  repurt  of 
the  present  incumbent,  it  likely  to  arite  through^o  fault  on  h'la  jtart. 


FORTY-EIGHTH  REGIMENT 

GEORGIA  VOLUNTEERS. 


STATISTICAL  REPORT. 


Number  of  men  origiiMilly  enlisted, 
Number  of  recruits  received. 
Number  of  conscripts  received, 


Total, 


LOSSES. 


Number  of  men  killed  in  action. 

Number  of  men  died  of  wounds  and  disease, 


Total  of  deaths, 


Number  of  men  discharged,     . 

Number  of  men  deserted,  (substitutes,  all), 


Total  real  losses, 
Number  of  men  wounded  in  battle, 

Total  of  real  and  apparent  loss. 


854 

241 

33 

112S 


189 
261 

450 

102 
19 

571 
368 

929 


CHANGES    IN   riELD    OrFICEKS. 

Major  J.  R.  Whitehead  resigned  July  I7'th,  1863 ;  the"  vacancy  was  filled  by 
the  promotion  of  Captain:  M.  R.  Hall.  Lieutenant  Colonel  R.  W.  Carswell 
resigned  December  23d,  1863,  and  the  vacancy  was  filled  by  the  promotioTi 
of  Major  M.  R.  Hall.  The  regiment  has  no  Major  at  present:  Captain  A.  C. 
Flanders  will  no  doubt  receive  the  appointment  of  Major.  The  regiment  is 
composed  of  ten  companies,  as  follows : — 

ORIGINAL     OEGANIZATION. 

Company  A,  Gibson  Volunteers,  Glasscock  County,  Captain  A.  Kelley, 
Company  B,  Warren  Infantry,  Warren  County,  Captain  M.  R.  Hall. 
Company  C,  Georgia  Light  Guards,  Richmond  County,  Captain  H.  S.  Dortie, 
Company  D,  Burke  Volunteers,  Burke  County,  Captain  J.  A.  Harlow. 
Company  E,  Jefferson  Volunteers,  Jefferson  County,  Captain  R.  W.  Carswell. 
Company  F,  Battle  Ground  Guards,  Johnson  County,  Captain  T.  W.  Kent. 
Company  G,  Slappey  Guards,  Twiggs  Countj^,  Captain  XJ.  A.  Rice. 
Company  H,  McLeod  Volunteers,  Emanuel  Coanty,  Captain  Neal  McLeod. 
Company  I,  Wilson  Tigers,  Richmond  County,  Captain  R.  J.  Wilson. 
Company  K,  Hamilton  Rangers,  Columbia  County,  Captain  T.  J.  Hamilton, 


FORTY-EIGHTH   GEORGIA   REGIMENT.  d& 

The  companies  assembled  at  Camp  Davis,  in  Effingham  Countjs 
Georgia,  on  the  10th  and  11th  days  of  Marcli,  18<}2.  On  the 
15th  tlie  regiment  was  organized  and  field  officers  were  elected. 
William  Gibson,  a  private  in  the  company  from  Richmond 
County,  was  unanimously  chosen  Colonel ;  Captain  R.  W.  Cars- 
well,  of  Jefferson  County,  was  also  unanimously  elected  Lieu- 
tenant Colonel ;  and  J*.  Randolph  Whitehead  was,  by  a  majority 
vote,  elected  Major. 

On  the  l7th  of  March  the  regiment  was  ordered  to  Grahams- 
ville,  South  Carolina.  They  proceeded  to  that  point  by  railroad, 
their  baggage  requiring  more  cars  to  transport  it,  than  were 
occupied  by  the  troops.  During  the  stay  of  the  regiment  at 
Grahamsville,  the  alarm  was  sounded  one  night  about  midnight, 
and  the  regiment  was  gotten  under  arms  and  double-quicked 
about  three  miles  towards  the  coast  to  meet  the  Yankees, 
"  reported  "  to  be  advancing  from  that  direction.  Every  one 
was  kept  in  the  dark,  except  the  field  officers,  until  the  stimulus 
was  exhausted,  and  the  getters-up  of  the  alarm  had  to  return  to 
camp  to  get  a  fresh  supply  of  hoaxing  material.  The  boys 
returned  to  camp  very  much  fatigued,  satisfied  to  let  the 
"  powers  that  be  "  enjoy  their  joke,  so  long  as  their  slumbers 
were  not  again  disturbed. 

The  regiment  left  Grahamsville,  on  the  5th  of  May,  for 
Charleston,  and  reached  their  destination  the  next  day.  The  regi- 
ment made  a  great  display  as  they  marched  through  the  streets  of 
the  city  in  all  their  pristine  strength ;  but,  alas !  where  are  they 
now?  Many  of  them  are  lying  beneath  the  consecrated  soil  of 
Virginia,  with  no  tablet  to  mark  their  last  resting  place!  Many, 
the  maimed  and  scarred  victims  of  this  hellish  war,  are  lingering 
out  lives  of  agony  at  home!  But  the  few  that  are  left — the 
glorious,  gallant  few — are  still  standing,  proudly  hurling  defiance 
at  the  foe!  The  regiment  was  camped  in  Ilampstead  Mai!,  near 
Half  Moon  Battery,  which  was  a  very  gay  place  for  soldiers — no 
duty  to  perform  except  guard  duty,  (which  the  boys  thought 
very  hard),  and  oocisionally  l»attalion  drill.  Rations  were  very 
good ;  vegetables  and  fresh  meats  abounded  in  the  market,  and 
money  was  very  plentiful  with  all  the  boys,  as  they  had  just 
received  their  fifty  dollars  bounty  ;  but  this  was  too  good  to  last 
long.  The  regiment  was  dissatisfied,  as  soldiers  usually  ar?, 
when  they  have  nothing  to  do,  and  they  were  very  anxious  to 
get  into  more  active  service. 


86         HEROES  AND  MARTYRS  OF  GEORGIA. 

On  the  25th  of  May  the  regiment  was  ordered  to  Richmond, 
Virginia.  It  left  Charleston  one  thousand  strong,  carrying  six- 
teen (16)  cars  loaded  with  baggage.  The  troops  were  compelled 
to  lay  over  two  days  in  Wilmington,  for  want  of  transpor- 
tation. June  2d  the  regiment  arrived  in  Richmond,  and  were 
ordered  into  camp,  near  the  suburbs  of  the  city,  on  the  Wil- 
liamsburg road,  where  they  remained  until  the  commencement 
of  th^  battles  around  Richmond. 

On  the  25th  of  June,  1862,  at  one  o'clock,  A.  M.,  the  regiment 
was  ordered  under  arms,  and  marched  to  Chancellorsville,  where 
it  arrived  about  the  middle  of  the  day.  It  was  allowed  to  rest 
until  late  in  the  evening,  and  was  then  moved  across  the 
Chickahominy  river,  and  formed  in  line  of  battle  to  assault  the 
enemy's  works.  Ripley's  Brigade,  to  which  the  Forty-eighth 
Oeorgia  was  attached,  was  ordered  to  charge  the  enemy's  line 
of  entrenchments,  distant  from  us  about  one  mile.  The  troops 
•moved  forward  with  great  spirit  and  zeal,  as  though  they 
expected  an  easy  job.  On  nearing  the  works,  the  enemy  opened 
upon  us  with  artillery ;  the  line  pressed  forward,  and  very  soon 
the  sharp  crack  of  musketry  told,  that  "the  Angel  of  Death  had 
spread  his  wings  on  the  blast."  It  Avas  getting  dark  and  the 
distance  could  not  be  calculated.  The  troops  continued  to 
advance  under  the  heavy  fire  of  infantry  and  artillery,  without 
faltering,  until  they  came  to  an  impassable  canal  or  millrace, 
within  two  hundred  yards  of  the  enemy's  works,  that  could  not 
by  any  means  be  passed,  and  the  regiment  was  ordered  to  fall 
back  a  short  distance,  and  hold  the  ground  they  had  gained. 
The  troops  were  withdrawn  in  good  order,  and  their  line  estab- 
lished in  the  edge  of  a  pine  thicket,  about  four  hundred  yards 
from  the  enemy's  works,  where  they  remained  until  morning. 
Losses  of  the  Forty-eighth  Georgia,  ten  killed  and  twenty-five 
wounded. 

On  the  2'7th  of  June  the  regiment  left  Mechaniesville  for  Cold 
Harbor,  and  arrived  there  about  three  o'clock,  P.  M.  The 
march  was  a  very  hard  one,  and  the  weather  very  warm.  The 
nights  were  very  cool,  and  the  men  suffered  much  for  want  of 
covering  to  shield  them  from  the  cold  night  air,  as  they  were 
brought  from  camp  in  light  marching  order,  without  knapsacks 
or  blankets. 

The  brigade  was  not  engaged  in  the  battle  of  Cold  Harbor, 
they  being  held  in  reserve  ;  but  so  close  to  the  engagement  were 


FORTY-EIGHTH   GEORGIA  REGIMENT.  87 

they,  that  several  men  were  killed  and  wounded  in  the  Forty- 
eighth  Georgia.  The  troops  had  made  a  forced  march  to  get 
there,  but  were  in  good  spirits,  and  ready  for  any  work  they 
might  have  been  called  upon  to  do.  The  loss  was  four  killed  and 
five  wounded. 

The  28th  and  29th  days  of  June,  we  remained  on  the  battle 
field,  caring  for  the  wounded,  burying  the  dead,  and  gathering 
np  arms,  sutler's  stores,  »fcc.,  left  on  the  field  by  the  enemy  in 
their  hot  haste  to  get  away. 

On  the  30th  of  June,  the  Forty-eighth  followed  the  enemy  to 
White  Oak  Swamp,  and  there  camped  for  the  night.  The  next 
morning  (July  1st,)  early,  we  started  to  Malvern  Hill,  and 
arrived  there  about  three  o'clock  in  the  evening.  The  brigade 
was  formed  into  line,  and  about  six  o'clock  was  ordered  into  the 
fight,  to  support  some  troops  in  front  of  us.  Owing  to  some 
misunderstanding  of  the  orders,  Colonel  Gibson  moved  up  only 
two  companies,  the  other  eight  companies  remaining  behind  in  a 
ravine  with  Lieutenant  Colonel  Carswell.  When  the  battle  was 
nearly  over  the  mistake  was  discovered,  and  the  balance  of  the 
regiment  was  brought  up,  but  too  late  to  get  into  the  fight.  The 
two  companies  engaged,  displayed  great  coolness  under  fire,  and 
delivered  their  fire  with  great  effect  upon  the  enemy.  Losses 
four  killed  and  thirty-nine  wounded. 

In  this  engagement  Colonel  Gibson  had  one  ball  to  pass  through 
his  coat,  and  another  to  cut  away  the  top  of  a  low  felt  hat  he 
was  wearing. 

The  next  day  the  regiment  was  moved  from  the  battle  field 
about  two  miles,  and  ordered  into  camp,  where  we  remained  . 
alx)ut  a  week,  and  then  returned  to  the  old  camp  near  Richmond. 
.  The  day  after  our  arrival  at  our  old  camp,  the  regiment  was 
transferred  to  the  brigade  of  General  A.  R.  Wright,  of  Augusta, 
Georgia,  and  in  a  few  days  moved  to  Falling  Creek,  v  here  the 
brigade  was  at  that  time  encamped.  While  at  this  camp  tiie 
men  were  very  sickly,  numbers  of  them  dying  daily.  Some 
companies  numbering  over  one  hundred  men,  had  only  twent\, 
and  twenty-five  men  fit  for  doty. 

About  the  1st  day  of  Augtist  the  regiment  was  moved  to 
Point  of  Rocks,  on  the  Appomattox  river,  distant  from  Falling 
Oeek  twelve  miles.  While  there  the  health  of  the  men  improved 
considerably. 

On  the  I6th  of  August  the  command   returned  to   Falling 


88         HEROES  AND  MARTYRS  OF  GEORGIA. 

Creek,  and  on  the  18th  started  to  the  Valley  after  Pope,  whose 
headquarters  were  at  that  time  in  the  saddle,  but  which  were 
soon  superseded  by  other  quarters.  The  march  to  Manassas  was 
one  which  severely  tried  the  patience  of  the  men.  They  were 
often  without  any  thing  to  eat,  except  green  corn  and  apples. 
Many  of  them  were  barefooted  and  nearly  naked.  On  the  28th 
of  August  the  regiment  had  a  skirmish  with  the  enemy,  near 
Jefferson,  Virginia,  losing  two  men  wounded.  From  Jefferson 
the  regiment  went  on  to  Manassas,  where  they  arrived  about 
five  o'clock,  A.  M.  They  formed  line  and  rested  until  evening. 
The  fight  was  raging  with  great  fury  when  they  were  ordered 
in.  The  Forty-eighth  Georgia  was  marching  through  a  thick 
piece  of  woods,  where  they  came  upon  the  enemy  in  ambush. 
They  poured  a  volley  into  our  ranks  before  our  men  were  aware 
that  they  were  near  an  enemy.  The  fire  was  received  with  great 
coolness,  and  they  at  once  returned  the  fire,  and  in  a  few  minutes 
had  the  Yankees  flying  for  safety,  leaving  many  dead  and 
wounded  in  our  hands.  Our  loss  was,  killed  tAventy-two  (22), 
wounded  twenty-eight  (28).  In  this  engagement  the  men  and 
officers  displayed  great  gallantry  and  did  vast  execution. 

Here  fell  the  brave  and  noble  Captain  Allen  Kelley,  mortally 
wounded.  Although  a  member  of  the  Georgia  Legislature  and 
subject  to  neither  conscription  or  draft,  he  gave  his  services  to 
his  country,  and  nobly  fell  battling  for  its  freedom  and  indepen- 
dence. After  one  of  his  men  had  fallen,  he  seized  his  gun  and 
pressed  forward,  giving  his  commands  and  assisting  in  their 
execution,  until  he  himself  was  lain  bleeding  and  mortally 
wounded,  upon  the  sod.  He  was  idolized  by  his  brave  boys, 
and  highly  esteemed  by  his  brother  officers  of  the  line,  and 
implicitly  confided  in  by  his  superior  officers,  for  his  cool  and 
dauntless  courage  and  great  discretion,  at  all  times  and  under  all 
circumstances.  Here  also  Colonel  Gibson  received  a  painful 
wound,  but  did  not  quit  the  field  until  the  fighting  had  ceased. 
He  returned,  however,  on  the  very  next  morning. 

From  Manassas  the  regiment  went  into  Maryland,  crossing 
the  Potomac  at  Leesburg,  September  3d.  From  Leesburg  it 
proceeded  to  Frederick  City,  Maryland,  where  it  remained  three 
days,  and  then  to  Maryland  Heights  near  Harper's  Ferry.  The 
Forty-eighth  remained  there  until  its  capitulation,  which  occurred 
on  Monday,  September  16th.  On  the  evening  of  the  15th,  it 
reci'ossed  at  Harper's  Ferry,  moved  up  the  river  towards  Sharps- 


FORTY-EIGHTH   GEORGIA   REGIMENT.  89 

l)urg,  and  at  eight  o'clock,  A.  M.  on  the  l7th,  crossed  the 
Potomac  at  Shepherdstown,  marclicfl  about  two  miles,  formed 
line,  and  rested  about  fifteen  minutes.  Knapsacks  were  thrown 
off,  and  the  troops  ordered  forward  at  the  expiration  of  that 
time.  The  brigade  adv.anecd  about  eight  hundred  yards  under 
a  heavy  artiller}'  fire,  when  they  came  upon  the  enemy's  line  of 
infantry.  The  ground  was  hotly  contested  for  three  hours, 
resulting  in  a  drawn  battle.  Thfc  Forty-eighth  charged  them 
several  times,  and  would  succeed  in  driving  them  back,  but  were 
compelled  each  time  to  fall  back,  by  the  large  numbers  of  fresh 
troops  they  would  bring  against  us.  At  this  fight  Colonel  Gibson 
was  slightly  wounded  in  two  places. 

The  regiment  remained  in  line  all  that  day  and  the  day 
following,  until  at  twelve  o'clock  at  night  orders  were  given  to 
withdraw  from  the  field  and  cross  the  river  at  Shepherdstown  ; 
which  was  done  in  good  order.  Losses  in  the  Forty-eighth  at 
Sharpsburg  amounted  to,  killed  twenty-one,  wounded  thirty-six. 
After  crossing  the  river  we  marched  about  three  miles  east  of 
Shepherdstown,  and  formed  line,  expecting  the  enemy  to  follow 
us.  After  remaining  in  line  one  day  and  no  enemy  appearing, 
we  were  marched  to  a  point  near  Martinsburg,  and  bivouacked 
until  the  2.5th  of  September.  AVe  then  started  for  Winchester, 
and  after  one  of  the  most  tiresome  night  marches  that  men  ever 
endured,  reached  Winchester  at  about  four  o'clock,  A.  M.,  when 
we  struck  camp,  and  remained  until  the  1st  of  November. 
While  at  this  point,  man  and  beast  fared  well.  Fine  water,  fine 
beef  and  pork  were  plentiful.  November  1st  the  troops  left 
Winchester  for  Culpepper,  and  marched  that  day  twenty-three 
miles.  At  night  the  boys  were  so  broken  down,  that  only 
nineteen  of  the  regiment  came  up  to  stack  arras.  The  next 
morning  at  seven  o'clock  the  boys  had  all  come  up,  ready  for 
another  day's  march.  We  reached  Culpepper  on  the  .3d  of 
November,  and  remained  until  the  20th.  While  at  this  camp  an 
amusing  circumstance  occurred  with  a  fellow  in  the  Quarterm.18- 
ter's  Department.  One  of  the  men  had  got  hold  of  a  clock 
weight  and  fixed  an  artillery  fuse  to  it,  and  carried  it  to  the  fire 
where  f»everal  of  the  boys  were  standing,  among  them  this 
Quartermaster  gentleman,  who  was  not  accustomed  to  f-hells  and 
had  no  deflrc  to  have  them  about  liim.  He  at  once  commenced 
persuading  our  waggish  boy  to  throw  it  away,  as  it  was  very 
dangerous  with  the  fuse  attached.   The  man  who  had  the  weight, 

L 


90  HEROES  AND   MARTTES   OF   GEORGIA. 

told  him  he  wanted  to  see  if  it  would  burn,  and  thrust  the  fuse 
into  the  fire.  As  the  fuse  commenced  to  burn,  the  Quartermaster 
broke  for  dear  life,  running  over  a  tent  and  through  a  large 
brush  pile,  swearing  as  he  absqu.atulated,  that  he  would  shoot 
the  next  man  that  threw  a  shell  into  that  fire. 

On  the  20th  the  regiment  started  for  Fredericksburg,  and 
arrived  there  on  the  22d.  On  the  11th  day  of  December,  we 
formed  line  of  battle  near  the  town,  and  remained  until  the 
battle  was  over  without  participating,  as  the' enemy  did  not 
advance  upon  us.  After  the  fight  was  over  we  returned  to 
camp,  where  we  remained  a  few  days  only,  as  soon  after  our 
arrival  we  were  ordered  to  United  States  Ford,  where  our 
sufferings  were  greater  than  men  can  usually  endure.  The 
Forty-eighth  remained  here  from  the  8th  of  January,  1863,  until 
the  25th  of  February,  without  any  tents  or  shelter,  except  such 
as  the  men  could  improvise  with  their  blankets,  &c.,  and  even 
they  were  scarce.  Rations  were  very  poor,  and  very  often  the 
men  had  nothing  to  eat  at  all.  The  weather  was  very  cold,  the 
ground  covered  with  snow  and  ice  nearly  all  the  time.  A  portion 
of  our  time  was  occupied  in  working  on  batteries  that  have 
never  benefited  us  at  all. 

On  the  25th  of  February,  1863,  we  started  for  camp  near 
Guinea's  Station.  The  snow  was  about  eighteen  inches  deep,  and 
very  bad,  of  course,  to  travel  through.  That  night  we  camped 
near  Fredericksburg.  The  next  morning  it  was  raining,  and  the 
marching  we  did  that  day  was  awful.  Tlie  ice,  snow  and  mud 
were  nearly  knee  deep,  and  the  weather  was  extremely  cold. 
We  arrived  at  camp  about  three  o'clock,  P.  M.,  and  at  once  set 
about  making  fires  to  warm  our  frozen  limbs.  This  camp  was 
the  winter  quarters  of  General  Hood's  Division,  and  he  had  left 
them  and  gone  below  Petersburg.  The  little  huts  were  neatly 
constructed  and  comfortable  ;  wood  was  convenient  and  plentiful. 
The  Forty-eighth  remained  at  this  camp  until  ordered  to  Chan- 
cellorsrille  to  meet  the  army  of  "Fighting  Joe  Hooker." 

On  the  1st  day  of  May  we  had  a  hot  skirmish  with  a  party 
of  the  enemy  who  were  annoying  Stuart's  cavalry,  and  drove 
them  back  about  one  mile.  That  night  we  returned  to  the  plank 
road  east  of  the  town,  and  remained  there  that  day.»  The  next 
morning  we  moved  up  nearer  the  town,  fronting  the  enemy's 
works  on  the  south  side,  and  were  the  recipients  of  the  most 
awful  shelling  ever  witnessed.     The  next  day  the  regiment  went 


FORTY-EIGHTH   GEORGIA   REGIMENT.  91 

back  to  Fredericksburg,  and  charged  the  enemy's  lines  at 
Donnwan's  House,  completely  routing  them.  Regiment  lost  at 
Chanrellorsville,  eleven  killed  and  twenty-seven  wounded ;  at 
Dounwan's  House,  one  killed  and  eight  wounded.  At  the  battle 
of  Chancellorsville,  Captain  W.  A.  Kendrick  of  Twiggs  County, 
the  successor  of  Captain  Rice,  fell  mortally  wounded,  and  soon 
died.  Captain  Kendrick  went  into  the  ranks  of  the  Forty-eighth 
Georgia  as  a  private  soldier,  and  was  only  about  nineteen  years 
of  age ;  but  such  was  his  gallantry  on  every  field,  and  such  his 
gentlemanly  deiK>rtnient  in  camp,  as  marked  him  as  a  young  man 
of  DO  ordinary  qualities;  and  upon  the  first  vacancy  occurring 
in  his  command  he  was  elected  by  his  company,  first  a  lieutenant, 
and  was  afterwards  promptly  promoted  to  the  command  of  his 
company. 

In  a  few  days  the  regiment  was  ordered  back  to  their  huts 
near  Guinea's  Station,  and  remained  there  tmtil  the  army  started 
to  Pennsylvania.  On  the  4th  of  June  the  regiment  went  to 
Fredericksburg,  and  took  position  in  the  rifle  pits  surrounding 
that  town.  A  little  skirmish  took  place  here,  in  which  the 
Forty-eighth  Georgia  lost  two  men  wounded.  On  the  14th  of 
June  the  Forty-eighth  started  for  Pennsylvania^  The  first  two 
days'  marches  were  very  hard  upon  the  boys,  the  weather  being 
very  hot  and  the  rate  of  march  too  rapid,  (twenty  miles  per  day). 
Numbers  of  them  fainted  on  the  way,  but  soon  recovered  and 
followed  on.  The  march  in  Pennsylvania  was  very  pleasant  and 
admirably  conducted,  making  on  an  average  about  twelve  miles 
per  day.  Gettysburg,  the  town  which  gave  name  to  one  of  the 
most  fearful  battles  of  modern  times,  was  reached  July  1st, 
about  five  o'clock,  P.  M. 

The  next  morning  the  line  was  formed,  and  at  four  o'clock, 
}*,  M.,  the  most  gallant  charge  ever  executed  by  any  troops,  was 
made.  The  enemy's  position  was  carried,  but  supports  failing  to 
make  their  appearance,  we  were  compelled  to  retire,  leaving 
many  of  our  dead  and  wounded  in  the  hands  of  the  enemy.  We 
thou  returned  to  our  original  line,  and  remained  there  until  the 
night  of  the  4th.  TIm-  1o«s  of  the  Forty-eighth  Georgia  in  this 
terrible  battle,  was  fearful,  amounting  to  eighty-one  killed,  and 
ono  hundred  and  twenty-five  wounder?.  Three  hundred  and 
twpiity-five  men  were,  all  that  were  carried  into  action. 

In  this  action  Colonel  Gibson  fell  severely  wounded  by  three 
different  balls,  and  was  lefl  on  the  field.   The  Lieutenant  ColoDel 


92  HEROES  AND   MAETYRS  OF   GEORGIA. 

was  wounded,  the  acting  Major,  Captain  J.  H.  Harlow,*  killed, 
and  in  fact,  every  officer  of  the  line,  except  one  captain  and  one 
lieutenant,  was  either  killed  or  wounded.  Captain  T.  H.  Polhill, 
a  brave,  noble  officer,  fell.  He  was  a  young  lawyer  of  much 
promise  in  his  profession,  a  perfect  gentleman  and  a  good  scholar. 
Captain  Jarvis,  a  worthy  successor  of  the  gallant  Keudrick,  also 
poured  out  his  blood  upon  this  bloody  field.  The  fearlessly  brave 
Lieutenant  Burnsides,  in  Command  of  the  company  from  the 
county  of  Columbia,  also  offered  up  his  life  upon  the  altar  of  his 
country.  Captain  Dick  Wilson  lost  his  arm;  the  undaunted 
Captain  Kent  fell  severely  wounded  on  the  field ;  also  Lieutenants 
Frank  Allen,  and  Skinner,  from  Burke,  were  wounded. 

On  the  night  of  the  4th  the  regiment  commenced  their  retreat* 
which  was  conducted  leisurely,  the  enemy  not  interfering.  At 
Waynesboro,  Pennsylvania,  the  Forty-eighth  remained  two  days, 
and  made  a  capture  of  some  horses  and  fifteen  barrels  of  whisky, 
which,  the  weather  being  very  inclement,  was  freely  issued  to 
the  men,  who  had  a  very  merry  time,  considering  what  a  terrible 
ordeal  they  had  but  just  passed  through.  It  was  assuredly  a 
most  welcome  treat.  At  Hagerstown  we  halted  for  several  days, 
and  offi^red  battle,  but  the  enemy  would  not  accept  the  profiered 
guantlet.  On  the  night  of  the  10th  of  July  we  left  Hagerstown, 
and  mached  to  the  Potomac.  The  niglit  was  very  dark  and  the 
rain  was  falling  heavily ;  the  mud  was  very  slippery,  and  but 
few  men  escaped  a  fall  into  it  that  night.  The  next  morning  the 
boys  looked  like  they  had  been  wallowing  or  laying  at  full  length 
in  the  mud,  wliich  amusing  spectacle  was  received  at  light  with 
shouts  of  laughter.  That  morning,  the  11th,  we  crossed  the 
river  at  Falling  Waters,  rested  there  until  the  next  day,  and 
then  marched  to  Bunker  Hill.  Here  we  remained  a  few  days, 
and  then  went  on  to  Front  Royal. 

On  the  23d  Wright'^  Brigade  was  sent  to  Manassas  Gap  to 
guard  the  mountain  pass,  until  the  army  could  effiict  its  passage 
by  Front  Royal.  We  had  been  there  but  a  few  hours  when  the 
enemy's  line  advanced  and  drove  in  our  skirmishers,  and  very 
soon  engaged  our  line.  The  Yankee  force  on  this  occasion 
amounted  to  ten  thousand  men ;  our  force  did  not  exceed  six 
hundred.  We  held  them  in  check  until  General  Ewell  sent  up 
reinforcements.   We  fought  them  three  hours,  and  when  General 

*Colonel  Gibson  pays  an  eloquent  tribute  to  the  memory  of  this  -gallant 
officer,  whose  natural  bravery  could  not  be  surpassed. 


FORTY-EIGHTH   GEORGIA   REGIMENT.  93 

Ewell  sent  the  supports,  the  Forty-eighth  Georgia  had  but  one 
round  of  ammunition.  They  poured  tliat  into  the  Yankees,  and 
then  retired  to  the  line  of  supports.  We  returned  that  night  to 
Front  Royal  and  obtained  some  whisky,  which  our  .efficient 
Commissary  had  procured  for  us  to  revive  our  drooping  spirits. 
We  then  turned  toward  Culpepper,  and  had  a  very  pleasant  time 
on  the  road  for  three  days,  the  time  required  to  get  to  our 
destination.  AV^e  remained  at  Culpepper  several  days.  On  the 
1st  of  August  the  Yankee  cavalry  came  too  near  us,  and  we 
gave  them  a  chase,  but  they  ran  too  fast,  and  we  could  not 
overtake  them.  On  the  .3d  of  August  we  started  for  Orange 
Court  House,  and  arrived  there  on  the  4th.  A  month  was  spent 
at  Orange  very  pleasantly. 

On  the  10th  of  September  the  Yankees  advanced  to  the  Rapid 
Ann  river,  and  we  were  x)rdered  to  Robertson's  Ford,  three 
miles  below  the  railroad  bridge,  to  prevent  the  enemy  from 
crossing.  We  remained  there  until  the  8th  day  of  October, 
when  we  started  on  a  flank  movement.  That  day  we  went  to 
Burnett's  Ford  ;  the  next  day,  to  Madison  Court  House ;  the 
next,  about  six  miles  west  of  Culpepper ;  the  next,  to  Warrenton ; 
and  the  next,  to  l?risto\v  Station,  where  we  remained  two  days, 
and  then  returned  to  Culpepper.  Here  we  remained  until  about 
the  uiiddle  of  November,  and  then  returned  to  Rapid  Ann 
Station.  On  the  2Sth  of  November  General  Meade  crossed  the 
river  some  distanc^e  below  us,  and  we  were  sent  to  Mine  Run  to 
meet  him.  We  had  a  light  skirmish  with  them  at  this  place, 
losing  two  killed  and  three  wounded.  While  there  we  suffered 
very  much  from  the  excessive  cold.  We  were  compelled  to 
remain  in  the  trenches  with  very  little  fire,  and  the  weather 
continued  bitter  cold.  The  Yankees  would  not  accept  battle, 
but  retreated  across  the  river,  and  we  returned  to  our  quarters 
at  Rapid  Ann  Station,  where  we  remained  until  the  27lli,  when 
the  regiment  was  moved  to  Madison  River  Station,  and  there 
built  very  comfortable  winter  quarters,  where  we  stayed  and 
enjoyed  ourselves  fimly  until  the  spring  campaign  opened. 

On  the  29th  of  December,  1863,  the  regiment  was  ordered  to 
build  winter  quarters,  which  was  promptly  done,  and  the  men 
were  soon  sheltered  (on  ]\Indison  river).  Here  we  remained 
until  the  middle  of  February,  when  we  marched  to  meet  the 
enemy  advancing  on  Charlottesville.  We  arrived  at  (iordonsvillc 
about  nine,  P.  M.     From  there  Lieutenant  Colonel  Hall  with  the 


94        HEROES  AND  MARTYRS  OF  GEORGIA. 

Forty-eighth  Georgia  and  Second  Georgia  Battalion,  was  ordered 
to  Frederick  Hall  to  meet  a  raiding  party ;  but  the  enemy  had 
passed  without  doing  any  damage,  before  our  arrival.  Here  we 
remained  two  days  and  then  rejoined  the  brigade  at  Gordonsville. 
On  the  4th  of  May  we  broke  up  camp  and  moved  near  Rapid 
Ann  railroad  bridge,  and  from  thence  proceeded  to  the  Wilder- 
ness, and  were  held  in  reserve  during  the  battle.  When  the  army 
moved  to  Spottsylvania,  we  were  left  on  the  line,  in  the  Wilder- 
ness, until  the  enemy's  forces  had  left,  when  we  also  moved  to 
Spottsylvania,  Wright's  Brigade  being  in  the  rear  of  the  army. 
A  force  of  the  enemy's  cavalry  being  discovered  trying  to  cross 
the  Po  river  to  intercept  our  wagon  train,  the  Forty-eighth  and 
Second  Battalion,  under  Colonel  Hall,  were  left  to  support  our~ 
cavalry  until  the  train  passed.  They  then  rejoined  the  brigade 
on  the  extreme  right  of  the  army,  and  took  position.  After  night 
we  moved  back  to  the  extreme  left,  to  meet  the  advance  of  the 
enemy  upon  our  left.  Early  in  the  morning  they  appeared  in 
our  front,  and  we  had  a  spirited  skirmish  lasting  half  an  hour, 
when  the  enemy  retired,  leaving  several  dead  on  the  field ;  we 
lost  none. 

On  the  14th  of  May  the  brigade  attacked  the  enemy  on  their 
extreme  left,  driving  them  from  their  works  and  completely 
routing  them.  In  this  engagement  the  Forty-eighth  Georgia 
acted  well  its  part,  capturing  one  stand  of  colors  and  several 
prisoners, — losing  three  killed  and  twenty-six  wounded.  We 
were  next  engaged  at  Hanover  Junction,  where  for  several  days 
we  kept  up  a  regular  sharp-shooting  fight.  From  here  we 
marched  to  Atlee's  Station,  arriving  May  25th.  While  here 
Colonel  Gibson  rejoined  his  command,  having  been  absent  since 
the  battle  of  Gettysburg,  where  he  was  wounded  and  taken 
prisoner. 

Grant  continuing  his  move  by  the  left  flank,  we  were  ordered 
to  Turkey  Ridge,  arriving  there  June  2d,  and  were  put  into 
position  in  the  rear  of  Colquitt's  Brigade,  as  supports,  remaining 
there  twenty-four  hours,  and  then  moved  farther  to  the  right  and 
took  position  in  the  front.  At  this  point  the  lines  of  the  opposing 
forces  were  but  a  hundred  and  seventy-five  yards  apart.  Sharp- 
shooting  was  kept  up  continually,  causing  the  loss  of  some  of 
our  bravest  men.  From  Turkey  Ridge  we  moved  to  Riddle's 
Shop,  fourteen  miles  from  Richmond,  and  engaged  the  enemy  on 
the  13th  of  June,  commanded  by  Lieutenant  Colonel  Hall.    The 


FORTY-EIGHTH  GEORGIA  REGIMENT.  95 

regiment  was  deployed  and  moved  forward  at  once.  Finding 
the  enemy  posted  in  an  open  tield,  with  infantry,  cavalry  and 
three  pieces  of  artillery,  we  attacked  them  and  drove  them  from 
the  field,  leaving  their  dead  in  our  hands.  Our  loss  was  four 
killed  and  thirteen  wounded.  This  was  a  very  creditable  affair, 
as  the  enemy  outnumbered  us  three  to  one.  On  the  22d  of  June 
Wright's  Brigade  attacked  the  enemy  in  their  works  near 
Petersburg,  and  with  two  other  brigades  captured  their  Works, 
inflicting  heavy  loss  in  killed  and  wounded,  besides  capturing 
seventeen  hundred  prisoners.  In  this  engagement  the  Forty- 
eighth  made  a  gallant  charge  on  the  enemy's  works  under  a  most 
galling  fire  ever  endured  by  men ;  but  they  pressed  forward  with 
cool  courage  until  they  gained  the  enemy's  works.  The  loss  of 
the  Forty-eighth  Georgia  amounted  to  thirty  killed  and  wounded. 

On  the  next  day,  June  23d,  we  moved  around  the  epemy's 
flank  on  the  Weldon  railroad.  When  we  had  arrived  on  the 
enemy's  extreme  left,  their  sharp-shooters  commenced  annoying 
us  considerably.  Colonel  Hall  was  ordered  to  take  the  Forty- 
eighth  and  Second  Battalion,  and  drive  them  from  an  elevated 
point  in  the  woods.  He  quickly  moved  upon  their  flank  and 
attacked  them,  killing,  wounding  and  capturing  nearly  every  man 
of  them.  He  captured  more  than  his  own  strength  amounted 
to.  The  fighting  was  desperate, — nearly  hand  to  hand.  Some 
of  our  boys  were  shot  within  ten  feet  of  the  enemy,  who  paid 
dearly  for  their  stubbornness ;  their  loss  being  over  two  hundred, 
while  ours  was  eleven  wounded,  three  mortally.  We  here 
captured  the  colors  of  the  Eighty-seventh  Pennsylvania  Regiment. 
Upon  its  arrival  at  Petersburg,  the  men  from  marching  and  two 
days'  fighting,  were  worn  out. 

On  the  30th  of  July,  after  the  explosion  of  Grant's  mine  and 
the  capture  of  a  portion  of  our  works,  we  were  ordered  there  to 
assist  in  retaking  the  line.  We  arrived  at  the  scene  of  the 
explosion  alx)Ut  nine  o'clock,  A.  M.,  and  went  into  the  fight  on 
the  right  of  Mahone's  Brigade.  The  bullets  whistled  by  us  here 
faster  than  any  man  in  the  brigade  ever  heard  before,  and  it  was 
certainly  one  of  the  most  sanguinary  fights  on  record.  Nothing 
could  withstand  the  desperate  valor  of  our  boys,  and  we  occu- 
pied the  works  on  Mahone's  immediate  right,  keeping  up  a 
continuous  fire  on  the  enemy  until  the  whole  line  was  re-cstablised. 
In  our  front  the  dead  lay  thicker  than  has  been  seen  on  any 
battle-field   of  this  war.      The  loss  of  the  Forty-eighth   waa 


96         HEROES  AND  MARTYRS  OF  GEORGIA. 

thirty-five  killed  and  wounded.  The  battle-flag  of  the  regiment 
was  pierced  by  one  hundred  and  three  bullets,  and  three  times 
was  the  staff  cut  in  two  in  this  engagement.  The  men  and 
oflicers  deserve  great  credit  for  their  gallantry  displayed  here. 


TENTH  BATTALION 

GEORGIA  VOLUNTEERS. 


STATISTICAL    REPORT. 

At  the  completion  of  the  organization  of  the  Tenth  Georgia  Battalion,  its 
BtreQgth  waa  as  follows: —  • 

Original  strength, 346 

Recruits,  to  August  1st,  18«4, 293 

Conscripta, 2 

Total, 641 

LOSSES     BY    DEATH. 

Killed  in  battle, 34 

Died  of  disease,  .  .         166 

Total  of  deaths, 19» 

I,OSSE8    OTHERWISE    THAN    BY    DEATH. 

Discharged,       .........  48 

Deeert^d,                      15 

Transferred, 4 

Resigned, ^ 

Cashiered, 1 

Prisoner  of  war 1 

Total 74 

Total  of  actual  losaea,  .264 

Wounded  in  action,  .118 

Actual  and  temporary  losses ))83 

Kumber  of  Rubstitut^s  in  the  battalion,     .         .         .         .         fS 
Present  aggregate  utrengih  of  the  battalion,     .         .  878 

The  Tenth  Battalion  of  Georgia  Volunteers  was  organized  at 
Canap  Stephens,  Georgia,  on  the  17th  day  of  March,  1862,  by 
the  election  of  Captain  John  E.  Rylander  as  Major.  The 
battalion  then  consisted  of  the  following  four  companies: — 

Company  A,  Macon  County  Guards,  Macon  County,  Captain  J.  D.  Frederick. 
Company  B,  Worth  Rebels,  Worth  County,  Captain  Daniel  Henderson. 
Company  C,  ZoUiooffer  Rifles,  Sumter  County,  Captain  B.  F.  BelL 
Company  D,  Whittle  Onanb,  Bibb  County,  Captain  W.  L.  Jones. 

M 


98  HEROES   AND   MARTYRS   OF   GEORGIA. 

By  order  of  Brigadier  General  Mercer,  commanding  Depart- 
ment of  Georgia,  a  fifth  company  was  formed  on  the  l7th  of 
July,  and  John  L.  Adderton  was  elected  to  the  Captaincy.  The 
battalion  remained  at  Camp  Stephens  until  the  14th  of  May, 
1862.  While  at  this  place  it  was  most  thoroughly  drilled  by 
Major  Rylander. 

At  the  expiration  of  the  above  mentioned  time,  it  was  ordered 
to  Macon  for  the  purpose  of  guarding  several  thousand  Federal 
prisoners,  confined  at  Camp  Oglethorpe,  near  that  city.  At  this 
most  laborious  and  disgusting  service,  the  battalion  sufiered 
exceedingly  with  sickness,  and  was  not  relieved  until  the  last 
Federal  prisoner  was  sent  to  Richmond  to  be  exchanged.  On 
the  15th  of  December,  1862,  orders  were  received  for  the 
Battalion  to  proceed  to  Virginia,  to  join  General  Lee's  army  at 
Fredericksbui'g,  Virginia.  Arriving  there  on  the  27th,  it  was 
attached  to  General  G.  T.  Anderson's  Brigade,  General  Hood's 
Division,  Longstreet's  Corps. 

On  the  iVth  of  February,  1863,  on  the  march  from  Freder- 
icksburg to  Richmond,  with  the  rest  of  the  array,  it  sufiered 
incredible  hardships,  and  for  five  days  was  exposed  to  all  the 
horrors  of  a  Northern  Virginian  snow  storm,  without  any  shelter 
whatever  from  the  bitter  blast,  which  blew  cold  o'er  that,  now 
almost  desolated  region.  The  Tenth  Battalion  participated  in 
the  campaign  against  Sufiblk,  and  near  its  close  was  exchanged 
for  the  Fifty-ninth  Georgia  regiment,  and  was  ordered  thence  to 
Fort  Powhattan,  on  the  James  river.  This  important  position 
was  held  under  the  most  trying  circumstances,  by  the  Tenth 
Battalion  for  nearly  two  months. 

At  this  time  the  enemy  having  apparently  matured  his  plans 
for  attacking  the  fort,  by  both  land  and  water  with  vastly  supe- 
rior force.  General  D.  H.  Hill  ordered  the  evacuation  of  the 
fort,  the  battalion  falling  back  to  Petersburg.  About  the  middle 
of  August,  the  enemy  having  made  some  daring  demonstrations 
upon  the  Blackwater  line,  the  battalion  was  ordered  to  Franklin. 
For  eight  months  it  held  this  line,  protecting  the  surrounding 
country  from  the  hostile  incursions  of  the  enemy,  with  entire 
satisfaction  to  the  commandant  of  the  department.  About  the 
25th  of  April,  1864,  it  was  ordered  to  report  to  General  Lee,  at 
Orabge  Court  House,  Virginia.  Immediately  upon  its  arrival  at 
this  place  it  was  assigned  to  the  brigade  of  General  A.  R. 
Wright,  Anderson's  Division,  A.  P.  Hill's  Corps.     In  connection 


TENTH    GEORGIA   BATTALION.  99 

with  this  division  and  brigade,  the  Tenth  Battalion  participated 
more  or  less  in  all  the  fierce  battles  and  fatiguing  marches  of  this 
memorable  campaign.  It  gained  no  little  credit  for  itself,  in  the 
desperate  charge  upon  the  fortified  position  of  the  enemy  on  the 
14th  of  May,  at  Spottsylvania  Court  House. 

On  the  2d  of  June  it  had  the  misfortune  to  lose  its  most  effi- 
cient and  gallant  commanding  officer,  ]\[ajor  J.  E.  Kylander,  who 
was  instantly  killed  at  Cold  Harbor  or  Gaine's  Mill,  on  that  date. 
"He  was  one  of  Georgia's  most  noble  and  worthy  "sons,  and  in 
his  fall  the  battalion  has  sustained  a  most  serious  loss."  Upon 
his  death  the  command  devolved  upon  Captain,  now  Major, 
James  D.  Frederick. 

On  the  22d  ami  23d  of  June,  near  Petersburg,  the  battalion 
suffered  severely  in  battle,  losing  eighty-one  men  in  killed  and 
wounded^  out  of  two  hundred  engaged.  Upon  the  battle  field  of 
the  22d,  the  battalion  was  highly  complimented  by  General 
Wright  fsr  its  dashing  gallantry. 

The  battalion  was  not  engaged,  with  all  the  balance  of  Wright's  Brigade 
(except  the  Second  Georgia  Battalion,)  in  the  terrific  battle  of  the  30th  of  July, 
it  being  on  picket  duty,  three  quarters  of  a  mile  in  adrance  of  the  line  of 
entrenchments,  and  probably  about  two  miles  from  the  scene  of  the  explosion  of 
Grant's  mine,  and  the  magnificent  charge  of  Wright's  Brigade.  • 

That  this  little  battalion  deserves  a  great  deal  of  credit,  there  can  be  no 
doubt,  M  its  list  of  killed  and  wounded  sufficiently  attests)  and  it  will  be  a  mat- 
ter of  wonder  to  maRy  of  the  readers  of  this  work,  that  they  ever  managed  to 
stand  and  be  cut  down  as  they  were.  The  men  were  unused  to  fire,  having 
been  performing  garrison  duty  almost  from  the  time  of  its  organization  until  the 
battle  of  the  14th  of  May.  and  could  not  be  expected  to  bear  themselves  through 
the  fight  like  the  old  veterans  of  Lee's  army ;  but  they  did  stand,  did  fight  and 
proved  the  efficiency  of  the  noble  material  of  which  it  fs  composed.  They  have 
reflected  great  credit  upon  their  noble  commander,  who  so  "bravely  fighting 
fell"  on  the  2d  of  .lune. 

The  present  commander.  Major  Frederick,  is  a  young  man  of  great  promise, 
who  will,  witli  his  noble  battalion,  yet  win  a  fame  iu  hia  country's  sfrvice. 


SIXTY-FOURTH   REGIMKNT 

GEORGIA  VOLUNTEERS. 


The  officers '  from  whom  I  have  collected  the  following  material,  are  utterly 
unable  to  furnish  me  with  the  statistical  matter  I  so  much  desire  to  head  the 
history  of  each  regiment  with.  The  lamented  Colonel  Evans  had  promised  me 
the  very  day  before  he  met  his  fate,  that  he  could  and  would  furnish  me  with 
all  statistical  facts  connected  with  his  command ;  but  I  am  of  opinion  that  after 
his  demise  his  papers  were  in  great  confusion,  and  the  statistics  were  lost  or 
mislaid. 

Early  in  the  spring  of  1863,  ColonelJohn  W.  Evan§,  of  Bain- 
bridge,  Decatur  County,  received  a  commission  from  the  Secre- 
tary of  War  to  raise  a  regiment,  to  serve  in  Brigadier  General 
Howell  Cobb's  command.  Under  that  authority  Colonel  Evans 
proceeded  to  raise  the  different  companies  to  compose  said  regi- 
ment, and  on  the  25th  of  May,  consummated  the  organization  at 
Quinpy,  Florida. 

The  regiment  numbered  forty-six  officers  and  eight  hundred 
and  six  privates,  at  the  time  it  was  mustered  into  service ;  em- 
bracing that  class  of  troops  comprehended  in  the  third  call  of 
the  President,  viz:  between  the  ages  of  eighteen  and  forty-five. 
Colonel  Evans  associated  with  himself  Lieutenant  Colonel  James 
Barrow,  and  Major  Walter  H.  Weems,  as  the  field  officers  to  com- 
mand in  said  regiment. 

A  short  time  subsequent  to  its  organization,  the  regiment  was 
moved  from  Quincy,  to  Camp  Leon,  Florida,  situated  upon  an 
open  pine  barren,  six  miles  south  of  Tallahassee,  for  the  purpose 
of  defending  the  Gulf  coast  from  Yankee  raids.  This  service 
was  in  great  part  performed  by  detached  companies  as  pickets, 
placed  immediately  along  the  coast.  A  point  still  farther  south 
was  found  to  be  more  eligible  for  the  locat^n  of  a  camp,  and 
.  about  the  first  of  September  the  regiment  was  again  moved  to 
the  place  now  knoM^n  as  Camp  Randolph,  fifteen  miles  south  of 
Tallahassee,  and  six  miles  from  St.  Marks.  At  this  camp  there 
was  great  care  displayed,  upon  the  part  of  our  commanding 
officers,  in  its  general  construction  and  military  an-angement. 


SIXTY-rorBTH    GEORGIA   REGIMENT.  101 

Comfortable  houses  were  built  for  the  officers  and  nieu,  wells 
were  ducf,  and  every  convenience  necessary  for  tl>e  comfort  of 
the  troops  was  attended  to  with  scrupulous  exactness.  It  may 
be  doubted  if  there  is  a  more  complete  regimental  camp  in  the 
Confederate  States,  than  was  camp  Randolph  when  the  Sixty- 
fourth  Georgia  was  ordered  away.  It  was  at  this  camp  that  the 
regiment  attained  its  maximum  strength,  to-wit:  forty-two  offi- 
cers and  eight  hundred  and  twenty-nine  privates.  During  the 
stay  of  tlie  regiment  at  camp  Kandolj)!),  the  loss  of  the  regiment 
by  deaths,  discharges  and  desertion,  did  not  exceed  one  percent, 
per  month.  On  the  4th  of  January,  1864,  the  Sixty-fourth 
received  orders  to  proceed  to  Savannah,  Georgia,  via  Tallahassee, 
Monticello  and  Atlanticand  Gulf  railroad.  On  the  12th  of  January 
the  regiment  arrived  and  reported  to  Brigadier  General  Mercer,  in 
Savannah,  and  was  assigned  to  the  command  of  General  Colston, 
and  went  into  camps  under  the  guns  of  Fort  Bartow,  three  miles 
from  the  city. 

No  incident  transpired  while  at  this  camp  worthy  of  record, 
unless  it  was  the  bloodless  repulse  of  the  enemy  from  White- 
marsh  Island,  who  were  at  that  time  making  some  demonstra- 
tions along  the  coast  of  Georgia.  From  this  camp  the  regiment 
proceeded  by  railroad  to  Quitman,  upon  the  Atlantic  and  Gulf 
railroad  ;  thence  to  Lake  City,  Florida. 

When  at  this  point  information  Avas  obtained  that  the  enemy 
were  advancing  from  the  direction  of  Jacksonville  in  large  force, 
and  the  regiment  was  ordered  to  advance  as  far  forward  as 
Olnstee  station,  on  the  Florida  Central  railroad.  Here  the 
command  arrived  on  the  evening  of  the  13th  of  February,  with 
an  efficient  force,  rank  and  file,  of  four  hundred  and  eighty-six 
men.  The  first  duty  devolving  u)>on  this  regiment,  was  to  throw 
up  breastworks,  and  prepare  to  the  best  of  our  ability  to  meet 
the  heavy  columns  of  the  rapidly  advancing  foe.  Other  troops 
ontinued  to  arrive  (among  them  the  gallant  brigade  of  Geor- 
gians, composed  of  the  Sixth,  Nineteenth, Twenty-third,  Twenty- 
seventh  and  Twenty-eighth  regiments,  and  commanded  by  Gen* 
eral  A.  H.  Colquitt,)  for  several  days.  All  of  whom,  excepting 
Colquitt's  Brigade,  were  pl.aced  under  command  of  f "  '  '  John 
W.  Evans,  with  the  very  «'ffi(i<'nt   Adjutant  of  tin  :,  (J. 

A.  Byrd)  as  Acting  Adjutant  General.  On  the  morning  of  the 
20th,  the  enemy  had  approached  within  eight  miles  of  our  en- 
trenchments, when  General  Finnegan,  who  had  now  assumed 


102  HEROES  AND  MARTYRS   OF   GEORGIA. 

command,  ordered  Colonel  Evans  to  advance  with  the  Sixty- 
fourth  Georgia  Regiment  two  miles  to  the  front,  and  skirmish 
the  enemy  up  to  our  main  line.  The  order  was  promptly  obeyed, 
and  the  regiment  advanced  with  three  hundred  and  thirty  men, 
the  balance  being  either  sick  or  on  detached  duty.  The  line  of 
battle  had  not  been  well  formed,  before  our  retiring  cavalry  gave 
indication  of  the  near  approach  of  the  enemy. 

Colonel  Evans,  Lieutenant  Colonel  Barrow, and  Major  Weems 
acted  with  the  utmost  coolness  and  bravery,  each  one  exercising 
his  influence  upon  and  imparting  courage  to  the  troops,  who  had 
never  been  engaged  before.  Soon  the  shock  fell,  with  frightful 
reality,  upon  the  inexperienced  ranks  of  the  Sixty-fourth  Georgia, 
and  for  a  moment  it  required  every  effort  on  the  part  of  the 
officers  to  keep  their  men  in  line.  Indeed  it  was  a  fearful  posi- 
tion to  occupy,  in  the  vei-y  face  of  fifteen  thousand  men  who 
were  pouring  grape,  canister  and  minnie  balls  into  our  lines 
like  a  tornado  of  hailstones.  Our  skirmishers  in  front  were  fall- 
ing like  leaves  in  autumn.  After  the  first  shock  had  subsided, 
and  a  few  shots  exchanged,  the  regiment  was  ordered  to 
charge — because  there  was  no  order  attended  with  less  dan- 
ger, which  could  have  been  given — and  at  the  word,  the  regi- 
ment* moved  forward  with  a  steadiness  of  purpose  to  conquer 
or  die  ;  and  most  gallantly  for  five  hours  was  that  resolution  dis- 
played upon  that  memorable  battlefield.*  Early  in  the  action 
the  noble  and  deeply  to  be  lamented  Lieutenant  Colonel  Barrow 
fell  mortally  wounded,  with  a  ball  through  his  generous  heart. 
About  the  same  time  Major  Weems  received  a  severe  wound  in 
the  leg,  and  was  borne  off  the  field. 

Colonel  Evans  was  left  alone  with  his  gallant  Adjutant  Byrd, 
to  manoeuvre  the  i-egiment  and  inspire  them  with  their  own  en- 
ergy and  hope.  But  it  was  not  long  before  the  Colonel  received 
a  wound  which  disabled  him,  and  he  too  was  borne  off  the  field. 
The  casualties  in  the  regiment  in  this  fight,  were  one  hundred 
and  ten  in  killed  and  wounded,  or  exactly  one-third  of  the  num- 
ber carried  into  action.  Many  instances  of  individual  courage 
occurred  upon  this  field,  but  it  is  impossible  to  attempt  to  par- 
ticularize, as  there  was  scarcely  a  man  on  the  field  who  did  not 

*My  informant  must  either  have  been  mistaken  regarding  this  affair,  or 
omitted  to  mention  the  advance  of  the  other  troops,  comprising  the  army  of 
General  Finnegan,  as  it  was  altogether  improbable  that  the  Sixty-fourth  could 
have  held  the  Yankee  army  at  bay. 


SIXTY-FOUETH    GEORGIA   REGIMENT.  108 

bear  himself  as  a  hero.  Captain  C.  S.  Jenkins,  assisted  by  the 
other  cai>tains  and  lieutenants,  conducted  the  rejriment  through 
the  most  fearful  periods  of  the  fight,  which  of  necessity  became 
more  desperate  the  nearer  we  approached  the  enemy's  batteries, 
and  as  the}'  were  successively  charged.  Our  trophies-  were 
numerous,  but  cannot  be  enumerated  owing  to  want  of  space. 

After  caring  for  the  wounded  and  burying  the  dead,  the  regi- 
ment was  ordered  forward  in  pursuit  of  the  retreating  enemy. 
This  movement  was  performed  as  far  as  Camp  Milton,  ten  miles 
in  front  of  Jacksonville,  the  headquarters  of  the  Yankee  army 
iu  Florida.  At  this  camp  the  regiment  was  stationed  until  about 
the  24th  of  April,  throwing  up  breastworks,  &o.  The  regiment 
numbered  at  this  time  thirty-eight  officers  and  six  hundred  and 
forty  privates,  of  these  there  were  only  two  hundred  and  ninety- 
seven  reported  for  duty.  On  the  24th  of  April  the  regiment 
received  orders  to  proceed  to  South  Florida,  under  command  of 
Captain  C.  S.  Jenkins,  who  had  been  in  command  since  the  loss 
of  the  field  officers  at  Ocean  Pond. 

The  regiment  moved  by  railroad  as  far  as  Gainesville,  Florida, 
in  obedience  to  orders.  Upon  arriving  at  that  point,  Captain 
Jenkins  ordered  forward  two  companies  as  far  as  Clay  Landing, 
to  protect  property,  and  defend  that  section  against  Yankee 
aggressions.  These  two  companies,  commanded,  by  Captains 
Brown  and  Thomas,  while  on  duty  there,  engaged  the  enemy 
and  succeeded  in  repulsing  them  with  some  loss  to  the  latter. 

At  this  time  Captain  Jenkins  received  orders  to  report  for  duty 
at  liichinond,  V^irginia,  with  the  Sixty-fourth  Georgia.  In  per- 
forming this  journey,  the  regiment  had  to  march  from  Madison 
to  Quitm.an,  Georgia,  a  distance  of  twenty-four  niiles,  and  which 
was  the  only  marching  between  our  point  of  departure  and  des- 
tination, (Petersburg,  Virginia.) 

On  the  14th  of  May  the  regiment  arrived  at  Petersburg,  and 
was  immediately  j)lHced  by  General  Beauregard  in  the  rifle  pits 
along  Swift  Creek,  whifh  constituted  a  part  of  the  defenses  of 
the  city  of  PetersbursT-  During  this  time  the  Sixty-fourth  Geor- 
gia was  in  General  Wise's  Brieade,  but  the  regiment  was  soon 
transferred    ■  "^  •  il  John- 

son's old '1  _  ,  •  ntre  of 

the  line  of  entrenchments,  by  order  of  General  Beauregard.  At 
this  time  the  regiment  was  divided,  four  companies  being  retained 
for  detached  service  on  tihe  north  side  of  the  river,  and  conse- 


104        HEROES  AND  MARTYRS  OF  GEORGIA. 

quently  but  six  companies  participated  in  the  battles  of  the  16th 
and  17th  of  June. 

On^  the  evening  of  the  16th  of  June,  two  brigades  of  the 
enemy  charged  the  line  occupied  by  the  six  companies  of  the 
Sixty-fourth  Georgia,  then  under  command  of  Captain  Pritchett. 
It  required  all  the  nerve  and  energy  of  both  officers  and  men  to 
resist  the  impetuous  assaults  made  upon  our  lines  by  the  infuri- 
ated Yankees.  Here  again  was  displayed  great  courage  and  in- 
domitable resolution,  and  every  soldier  steeled  himself  with  an 
armor  of  invulnerable  determination,  which  was  soon  to  cause 
the  foe  to  bite  the  sacred  dust  upon  which  his  polluted  feet  had 
dared  to  make  an  impress.  Well  indeed  was  the  task  performed ; 
as  the  enemy  would  advance  and  recede  from  our  lines,  like  the 
ocean  wave  when  maddened  into  fury  by  the  howling  blast,  un- 
der the  galling  fire  poured  into  them  from  the  gallant  Sixty- 
fourth,  they  went  down  by  scores  upon  the  gory  field,  rolling 
in  their  accursed  life  current  which  deeply  dyed  the  soil  of  the 
Old  Dominion,  as  it  gushed  from  the  wounds  made  by  the  leaden 
messengers  of  death,  sped  from  the  muzzles  of  the  well  directed 
muskets  of  the  Sixty-fourth.  The  ordeal  was  too  severe  for 
their  endurance,  and  the  drama  closed  by  the  surrender  of  more 
than  four  hundred  of  the  vandals,  who  found  that  it  would  be 
death  to  retreat.  Captain  Pritchett  had  the  honor  of  command- 
ing the  regiment  during  this  engagement,  and  is  entitled  to  a  due 
share  of  the  credit  which  may  attach  to  the^capture. 

Especial  mention  may  be  made  of  Captain  Craven,  Lieutenant 
T.  J.  Bartlett  and  Lieutenant  A.  M.  Mound,  as  having  particu- 
larly distinguished  themselves  in  this  engagement.  Their 
remains  now  repose  in  honorable  graves  beneath  the  gory  soil  of 
the  Old  Dominion,  upon  whose  bi-east,  and  for  whose  protection 
against  the  fierce  foes  of  Southern  independence,  they  poured  out 
their  hearts'  best  blood  as  a  libation  to  her  glory.  On  the  17th 
the  attack  of  the  enemy  was  renewed  upon  our  left  with  in- 
creased vigor,  and  so  terrible  were  their  assaults  upon  that  part 
of  our  lines,  that  the  brigade  occupying  that  portion  of  tha  lines' 
were  forced  to  abandon  their  position  in  the  trenches,  thereby^' 
leaving  the  Sixty-fourth  uncovered,  and  exposed  to  a  most  severe  ' 
and  destructive  enfilading  fire,  which  laid  many  of  our  brave 
boys  low.  This  position  of  affairs,  of  course,  i-endered  that  part 
of  the  line  occupied  by  the  Sixty-fourth  untenable,  and  that 
regiment,  for  the  first  time,  was  compelled  to  retire  beyond  the 


SIXTY-FOUBTH    GEORGIA  REGIMENT.  106 

range  of  the  enemy's  guns.  In  this  action  Adjutant  Byrd  again 
exerted  his  utmost  energies  in  rallying  the  troops  and  leading 
them  into  the  abandoned  trenches. 

In  the  two  engagements  the  loss  of  the  Sixty-fourth  in  killed, 
wounded  and  missing,  amounted  to  forty-five  men. 

On  the  30th  of  July  the  sun  rose  upon  another  day  which  was 
to  witness  a  deadly  conflict,  a  desperate  battle,  and  a  glorious, 
decisive  victory  for  the  Confederacy. 

The  regiment  at  this  time  had  combined  all  its  companies,  and 
numbered  six  hundred  and  thirty  men  rank  and  file;  its  efficient 
strength  was  three  hundred  and  eighty-eight  men,  and  with  that 
number  it  entered  into  the  desperate  strife,  which  took  place 
after  the  explosion  of  Grant's  mine  in  our  works.  Immediately 
upon  the  explosion,  and  before  the  smoke  had  cleared  away,  the 
Yankees  and  negroes  rushed  into  our  lines  by  thousands,  and  it 
became  apparent  that  the  only  manner  of  dislodging  them  was 
by  charging. 

Wright's  Brigade,  of  which  the  Sixty-fourth  Georgia  consti- 
tuted a  part,  was  drawn  up  in  battle  array,  and  received  orders 
to  charge.  The  order  was  promptly  obe)'^ed,  and  the  Sixty- 
fourth,  still  under  command  of  Captain  Pritehett,  acted  its  part 
in  that  deadly  conflict  with  great  gallantry,  and  a  considerable 
degree  of  desperation,  but  the  emergency  demanded  the  most 
desperate  remedies,  and  most  faithfully  did  the  Sixty-fmirth  ad- 
minister them.  The  conflict  was  close  and  deadly ;  a  hand  to 
hand  fight  ensued  and  the  hundreds  of  dead,  and  the  thousands 
of  the  wounded  hessians,  attest  the  severity  of  the  battle.  But 
alas  for  ]>oor  humanity  !  There  is  no  picture,  however  beautiful, 
but  what  has  some  spot  to  mar  its  symmetry,  and  in  a  degree 
detracts  from  its  beauty.  There  is  no  joy  on  earth,  of  any  dura- 
tion, unalloyed  with  grief,  .and  it  seems  that  the  very  ground 
upon  which  the  altar  of  liberty  is  to  be  erected,  must  fir.^t  be 
sprinkled  with  the  heart's  blood  of  its  devotees,  or  there  can  be 
no  permanence  to  its  suporstructnre.  The  fiicttire  of  the  thou- 
sands of  dead  and  dying  Yankees,  the  joy  of  our  brave  Georgia 
boyg,  made  known  to  the  world  by  their  bugle  shout  of  victory, 
had  its  reverse.  The  same  earth  that  drank  the  life  blood  of  our 
enemies,  was  also  crimsoned  with  the  same  current,  emanating 
from  the  noble  hearts  of  many  of  the  sons  of  our  mother  Geor- 
gia. With  an  unflinching  determination  to  whip  the  fight,  they 
rushed  upon  the  guna  of  the  enemy,  and  many  of  them 
N  "  Fiercely  flgbting  fell." 


lb6        HEROES  AND  MARTYRS  OF  GEORGIA. 

Among  the  killed  was  Colonel  Evans,  who  was  not  in  com- 
mand (not  having  resumed  it,  as  he  was  one  or  two  days  behind 
his  time  in  returning  from  home  on  furlough,  and  the  rules  of 
service  require  that  no  officer  shall  take  his  command  until  so 
permitted  by  General  Lee,)  being  merely  a  volunteer.  Seeing 
the  line  stagger  under  the  withering  fire  poured  into  our  ranks, 
he  sprang  upon  the  breastworks,  and  waving  his  hat  over  his 
head  shouted,  in  tones  which  rang  distinctly  over  the  tumult  of 
battle :  "  Remember,  boys,  you  are  Georgians,"  and  at  that  mo- 
ment received  the  shot  through  his  generous,  noble  heart,  which 
almost  instantly  terminated  the  mortal  existence  of  as  gallant 
and  amiable  a  man  as  ever  lived  or  died.  The  Sixty-fourth  in 
this  action  lost  heavily.  Nine  (9)  officers  were  killed  dead  on 
the  field,  and  twenty-five  (25)  privates  and  non  commissioned 
officers,  and  fifty-four  (54)  were  wounded,  a  large  number 
mortally.* 

This  was  the  last  action  in  which  the  Sixty-fourth  Georgia 
participated,  up  to  the  time  the  above  report  was  made  out, 
(about  the  10th  of  Augu«t.) 

Major  Weems  will  no  doubt  receive  the  appointment  of  colonel 
of  the  regiment,  sii!ce  the  deaths  of  Colonel  Evans  and  Lieuten- 
ant Colonel  Barrow. 

I  am  requested  to  publish,  in  connection  with  the  above,  a  short  article 
laudatory  of  the  Assistant  Quartermaster  of  the  Sixty-fourth,  but  must  decline 
to  do  so,  as  it  would  be  decidedly  unjust,  in  a  work  on  and  dedicated  to  the 
"Heroes  and  Martyrs  of  Georgia,"  to  publish  an  article  complimentary  to  one, 
(who  is  no  doubt  deserving  all  the  encomiums  which  could  be  bestowed  upon 
him,  but  who  occupies  a  situation  remote  from  danger,)  in  preference  to  those 
who  are  the  "  Heroes  and  Martyrs,"  but  whose  names  I  could  not  obtain,  ow- 
ing to  the  fact  that  all  of  the  men  acted  as  heroes,  and  to  make  distinctions  would 
be  insidious. 

*The  weather  being  intensely  hot,  and  nearly  every  man  being  severely 
wounded,  they  died  by  scores.  I  am  of  opinion  that  seven-tenths  of  the  wounded 
died. 


PHILLIPS'   LEGION 

GEORGIA  VOLUNTEEES. 

(CAVALRY.) 


The  substance  of  tlie  material  composing  the  following  pagea  was  written 
upon  the  29th  of  April  of  this  year,  but  owing  to  the  inefficiency  of  the  Post 
Office  Department,  has  just  reached  me  (September  6th).  I  have  tried  several 
times,  both  by  letter  and  personally,  to  communicate  with  the  Legion,  (cavalry) 
but  have  failed  in  every  instance.  I  am  satisfied  that  as  many  incidents  of  real 
importance  have  occurred  in  this  command,  since  the  29th  of  April,  as  had 
occurred  previously,  and  if  it  is  possible  I  will  obtain  these  incidents  and  give 
them  a  place  in  the  second  volume  of  this  work. 

Phillips'  Legion,  as  originally  organized  by  the  Governor  of 
Georgia,  was  composed  of  infantry  and  cavalry,  and  was  com- 
manded by  Colonel  William  Phillips,  of  Cobb  County.  Seaborn 
Jones,  jr.,  of  Polk  County,  was  Lieutenant  Colonel ;  John  B. 
Wilcoxson,  of  Coweta  County,  Major ;  and  James  H.  Lawrence, 
of  Floyd  County,  Adjutant.  The  Legion  was  mustered  into 
service  on  the  11th  day  of  June,  1861,  and  consisted  often  com- 
panies. The  Legion  was  prepared  for  active  service  ia  the  field 
by  drill  and  strict  discipline,  at  Camp  McDonald,  in  Cobb 
County,  Georgia.  PVom  this  place  it  was  ordered  to  Lynchburg, 
Virginia.  From  Lynchburg  it  went  to  North  Western  Virginia, 
and  served  under  Gpneral  John  B.  Floyd,  ii  one  of  the  most 
severe  campaigns  of  the  war. 

The  winterof  1861,  for  its  unusual  severity,  and  the  many  and 
severe  hardships  to  which  this  command  was  necessarily  ex- 
posed, the  campaign  of  Cotton  Hill  and  8ewcll  Mountain  will 
never  fade  from  the  memories  of  those  who  had  the  ill  fortune  to 
participate  in  their  severities.  The  Legion  being  very  much  re- 
duced was  ordered  to  the  coast  of  South  Carolina,  to  which 
place  it  went  in  January,  1862.  While  here  it  composed 
a  portion  of  the  brigade  of  Brigadier  General  T.  F.  Drayton. 
During  the  stay  of  the  Legion  upon  the  coast  of  South  Carolina, 
no  incident  worthy  of  record  occurred,  except  the  change  in 
field  officers. 

Lieutenant  Colonel  Seaborn  Jones,  jr.,  and  Major  John  B. 


108  HEROES  AND   MARTYRS  OF  GEORGIA. 

Wilcoxson  resigned.  Captain  William  W.  Rich,  of  Cass  County, 
was  in  July,  1862,  promoted  to  the  position  of  Lieutenant  Colo- 
nel, and  assigned  to  the  command  of  the  cavalry  companies  of  the 
Legion,  who  having  received  an  accession  to  their  strength  of  two 
companies,  which  augmented  their  number  to  six  companies,  "were 
entitled  to  a  Lieutenant  Colonel  and  Major.  Captain  William  B. 
C.  Puckett,  of  Cherokee  County,  was  in  September,  1862,  pro- 
moted Major.  In  July,  1862,  the  brigade  of  General  Dray- 
ton received  orders  to  proceed  to  Virginia  and  report  t'o  General 
Robert  E.  Lee  for  duty. 

From  that  time  until  the  present,  the  infantry  and  cavalry 
kave  been  separated,  and  a  subsequent  order  from  the  Secretary 
of  Wai',  created  them  separate  and  distinct  organizations,  so  far 
as  each  other  are  concerned.*  The  Battalion  under  the  com- 
mand of  Major  Puckett,  arrived  at  Shepherdstown  in  time  to 
witness  and  participate  in,  to  a  limited  degree,  the  world  re- 
nowned battle  of  Sharpsburg.  About  the  20th  day  of  Septem- 
ber, 1862,  the  Battalion,  still  under  command  of  Major  Puckett, 
in  compliance  with  orders,  reported  to  Brigadier  General  Wade 
Hampton  for  duty,  with  whose  command  they  have  ever  since 
served. 

During  the  winters  of  1862  and  '63,  the  Battalion  performed 
a  great  deal  of  hard  duty,  such  as  picketing,  scouting  and  making 
raids.  During  those  seasons  the  Battalion  participated  in  a  great 
many  skirmishes,  took  many  prisoners,  weapons  of  war  of  all 
kinds,  many  head  of  horses,  and  in  fact  plundered  the  Yankees 
pretty  generally.  Passing  over  all  the  time  intervening  between 
the  Avinter  of  1862  and  '63,  the  history  of  the  Battalion  is 
brought  down  to  the  month  of  June,  1863. 

While  the  brigade  was  doing  picket  duty  on  the  Rappahan- 
nock, and  encamped  in  the  vicinity  of  Culpepper  Court  House, 
Colonel  Rich  received  orders  from  General  Stewart  to  proceed 
at  once  to  the  vicinity  of  Fredericksburg  and  relieve  the  Fourth 
"Virginia,  then  on  duty  there ;  which,  upon  their  departure,  left 
this  Battalion  the  only  cavalry  in  that  neighborhood.  At  this 
time  both  the  Yankee  and  Confederate  armies  were  moving  to 
Northern  Virginia,  and  finally  crossed  the  Potomac  into  Penn- 
sylvanta.  This  Battalion  Avas  left  at  Fredericksburg.  Soon 
after  the  Battalion  was  ordered  to  rejoin  Hampton's  Brigade, 
which  was  in  Loudon  County,  near  Rectors  Cross  Roads.     On 

•From  thi«  point  only  the  Cavalry  Battalion  will  be  mentioned. 


PHILLlPaJ  LEGION— CAVALRY.  109 

the  morning  of  the  21st  of  Jane,  1863,  the  command  left  War- 
renton  Springs,  Fawquicr  County,  passed  througli  the  village  of 
Warrcnton  and  were  wending  their  way  quietly  along,  until  they 
arrived  at  a  little  place  known  as  New  Baltimore,  where  we 
"were  suddenly  brought  into  pretty  close  contact  with  a  squadron 
of  the  Eighth  Pennsylvania  cavalry.  Colonel  Rich  ordered  the 
second  and  third  companies  of  the  Legion  Battalion  to  halt,  and 
the  first  to  charge,  leading  the  column  himself.  The  Yankees 
soon  found  that  a  desperate  charge  of  a  Georgia  squadron  was 
no  trifling  matter,  and  decided  that  the  "signs  of  the  times"  were 
getting  pretty  warm,  and  all  but  one  turned  and  fled  for  dear 
life.  The  Georgia  troopers  followed  them  about  five  mile3  at 
full  speed,  and  succeeded  in  capturing  twenty-three  horses  with- 
out losing  a  man.  But  one  man  in  the  Battalion  was  hurt,  and 
that  was  Adjutant  Woffiurd,  who  was  struck  on  the  breast  with 
a  pistol  by  the  only  Yankee  that  dared  to  face  the  coIumD.  He 
was  a  brave  fellow,  for  after  emptying  his  last  round  without 
effect,  and  receiving  a  severe  cut  on  the  head  from  the  Ac^utant's 
sabre,  he  used  his  pistol  as  a  missile  as  the  only  remaining  avail- 
jfble  weapon  of  defense.  This  was  considered  quite  a  brilliant 
little  affair,  and  Lieutenant  Colonel  Rich  was  highly  compli- 
mented by  Brigadier  General  Hampton  for  his  success.  Upon 
rejoining  the  brigade  each  regiment  gave  three  hearty,  rousing 
cheers  for  the  Phillips'  Legion. 

The  Battalion  participated  in  all  thefightsin  which  Hampton's 
Brigade  was  engaged  in  Pennsylvania,  Maryland  and  Virginia, 
from  that  time  until  the  present.  The  Battalion  lost  two  officers 
killed  during  the  campaign:  Lieutenant  E.  M.  Story,  of  Coweta, 
on  the  fltli  of  July,  near  Funkstown,  Maryland,  and  Captain 
John  F.  MilhoUin,  of  Cass,  on  the  8th  of  November,  1863,  than 
whom  no  braver  m«_'n  have  ever  fallen  in  defense  of  their  coun- 
try's rights.  About  one  hundred  men  were  killed  wounded  and 
taken  prisoners  during  this  campaign.  The  present  strength  of 
the  Battalion  is  six  hundred  and  forty-foiir  men.  The  following 
is  a  list  of  the  field  officers,  also  company  commanders,  ett. : 

W.   W.   Rich,  TAeuUnant  ColonA. 
W.  B.  C.  riifi-pft.  Majnr. 
William  E.  Jones,  Chaplain. 
Calhonn   Sam",  Swrperm. 
John  W.  Wf.fTorrl,  JdJtUant. 
Captain* ;— Jamcn  H.  Nirhols,  Thomftf  0.  Wilkes.  Eli  C.  Hardin,  R.  L.  Y. 
Long,  A.  F.  Hnater  and  W.  W.  Thoman. 


ELEVENTH  BATTALION 

GEORGIA   VOLUNTEERS. 

(CUTTS'  ARTILLERY.) 


STATISTICAL  RECORD  TO  APRIL  24TH,  1864. 

No.  of  men  killed  in  action, 28 

"     "      "    died  of  wounds  and  sickness,        ....         104 

.Total  loss  by  death,     .        ...  132 

Discharged,         . 76 

Deserted,     .         . 6 

Transferred,          . 43 

Missing  and  not  heard  from, 8 

Total  real  loss, 265       • 

Woimded  in  action, 154 

Real  and  temporary  loss,      .        .        .        419 

Original  strength  company  A, 180 

Recruits* -376 

Total  strength, 556 

Company  A,  upon  which  the  Battalion  known  (and  widely 
known,)  as  the  Cutts'  'Battalion,  was^'organized  and  formed  in 
Sumter  County,  Georgia,  by  Captain  A.  S.  Cutts,  who,  with  his 
command  left  Araericus,  Georgia,  on  the  6th  day  of  July,  1861, 
for  Richmond,  Virginia.  This  company  was  mustered  into  the 
service  of  the  Confederate  States  on  the  15th  of  July,  and  or- 
dered to  report  to  Manassas  on  the  24th  of  the  same  month.  In 
the  August  following  the  company  was  equipped  with  six  guns. 
The  original  number  of  men  enlisted  was  one  hundred  and  fifty, 
but  in  the  fall  of  1861  was  increased  to  one  hundred  and  eighty 
men,  and  two  more  guns  were  added,  making  an  eight  gun  bat- 
tery of  seven  6-pounders,  and  one  12-pound,  howitzer. 

On  the  20th  of  December  the  company  was  ordered  to  report 

•  *I  presume  from  thQ  large  number  of  recruits  that  my  informant,  Sergeant 
Major  J,  D.  Harris,  alludes  to  the  companies  which  were  added  to  company 
A,  and  which  formed  the  battalion. 


ELEVENTH   BATTALION — CUTTS'   ARTILLERY.  Ill 

to  General  Stuart  "uith  four  guus,  and  it  met  the  enemy  at 
Dranesville  in  overwhelming  force.  We  took  position  in  a  nar- 
row country  road  walled  in  by  a  dense  pine  grove.  The  road 
was  so  narrow  and  the  forest  so  thick,  that  there  was  no  room 
to  work  but  three  guns.  The  enemy  opened  upon  our  little  bat- 
tery with  12-pounders  from  three  different  points  at  once,  which 
could  barely  be  discerned  by  the  smoke  from  their  pieces  through 
the  pines.  The  sharpshooters  of  the  enemy  poured  a  continuous 
and  galling  fire  into  thi^ battery. 

In  one  hour  we  suffered  a  loss  of  one  caisson  blown  up, 
another  demolished,  a  limber  shot  down,  twenty  horses  killed, 
six  men  killed  and  fifteen  wounded,  out  of  forty  cannoniers 
and  drivers  at  the  guns.  In  this  fearful  encounter.  Captain 
Cutis  rendered  himself  particularly  conspicuous  for  desperate 
energy  and  cool,  self-possessed,  calculating  courage.  Lieuten- 
ant L.  E.  Sprivey  (acting  number  five,)  Privates  Doolittle, 
Green  and  Lingo,  and  Sergeants  Randall  and  Fletcher  deserve 
special  mention  for  their  gallant  conduct.  Private  J.  L.  Price 
at  this  place  displayed  that  coolness  and  intrepidity  which  has 
marked  his  conduct  ever  since  upon  every  battle  field  in  which 
his  company  has  been  engaged  ;  his  name  deserves  to  figure  in 
the  list  of  Georgia's  heroes.  Many  others  of  the  command  be- 
haved very  handsomely. 

In  the  spring  of  1862,  Captain  Cutts  was  authorized  to  aug- 
ment hia  command  from  a  company  to  a  battahon.  Three  more 
companies  were  recruited  by  him  in  Sumter  County,  Georgia, 
and  Company  A,  of  the  Ninth  Regiment  of  Georgia  volunteers, 
having  been  detached  from  that  regiment  as  an  artillery  company, 
was  assigned  to  this  battalion,  thus  making  five  companies  in  all. 
On  account  of  much  sickness  and  many  deaths  and  discharges, 
one  of  the  three  new  companies  was  disorganized  and  amalga- 
mated into  the  remaining  two  new  companies,  thus  reducing  the 
Battalion  to  four  companies.  Captain  Cutts  was  elected  Major 
and  soon  afterwards  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Lieutenant  Colonel. 
The  battles  in  which  we  have  participated  are  as  follows: 

Company  A,  at  Drainesville  in  December,  1861  ;  Company  B, 
at  Fredericksburg  on  the  2d  day  of  May,  1863;  Company  C,  at 
Richmond  July,  18G2,  Warrenton  Springs  November,  1862, 
Washington,  North  Carolina,  Ajtril,  186.'i,  and  Suffolk  during 
the  same  month. 

The  whole  Battalion  wa~  >     ,'.i  .,'t'd  in   tin-   night  attack   on 


112  HEROES  AND   MARTYKS  OF  GEORGIA. 

McClellan's  fleet  and  camp,  on  James  river  in  July,  1862  5 
also  at  Boonsboro,  Sharpsburg  and  Fredericksburg,  1862,  and  at 
Gettysburg,  1863.  After  the  battle  of  Sharpsburg  one  of  the 
companies  were  broken  up  and  the  men  distributed  among  the 
present  three  companies  composing  the  Battalion ;  Company  A, 
(original  company)  and  B,  from  the  county  of  Sumter,  and  Com- 
pany C,  from  Wilkes  County,  Georgia.  The  present  field  officers 
are  Lieutenant  Colonel  Cutts  and  Major  John  Lane.  Colonel 
Cutts  served  for  three  years  in  the  regular  array  of  the  United 
States,  and  two  years  in  Mexico,  during  the  war  with  that  coun- 
try in  Steptoe's  famous  battery.  From  the  experience  thus  ac- 
quired as  well  as  from  great  natural  fitness  for  command,  he  is  a 
most  excellent  officer,  and  esteemed  one  of  the  best  for  artillery 
in  the  service.  Promotion  in  this  branch  of  service  is  of  low 
grade  and  comes  slowly,  especially  to  any  but  Virginians,  and 
our  commander's  rank  does  not  fairly  indicate  either  his  merits 
or  past  services.  As  pertinent  to  this  idea,  Cutts'  Battalion  and 
the  Jeff.  Davis  Battery  (another  Georgia  company)  were  all  the 
artillery  at  the  battle  of  Boonsboro  on  the  Confederate  side,  and 
without  support,  kept  back  heavy  masses  of  Yankee  infantry  du- 
ring the  entire  day.  In  the  official  report  .of  General  D.  H. 
Hill,  the  commanding  General,  they  are  not  even  mentioned. 

Major  John  Lane  is  a  son  of  General  Joseph  Lane,  of  Oregon, 
and  a  good  officer.  He  is  an  under  graduate  of  West  Point,  and 
warmly  devoted  to  the  cause  of  Southern  Independence. 

The  small  losses  which  this  Battalion  has  sustained  in  battle, 
are  mainly  owing  to  the  judicious  manner  in  which  the  batteries 
have  been  posted  by  the  field  officers,  and  the  skill  and  address 
with  which  the  guns  have  been  worked.  All  the  batteries  in 
this  battalion  are  six  gun  batteries. 

BATTALION  RECORDS 

FROM  JA2ffUl.KY    1  ST,  1864,  TO  AUGUST,  1864. 

On  the  27th  of  February,  Lieutenant  Colonel  Cutts  was  pro- 
moted to  the  rank  of  Colonel,  and  was,  on  the  5th  of  June,  as- 
signed to  the  command  of  a  division  of  artillery,  composed  of  • 
his  own  and  Lieutenant  Colonel  Richardson's  Battalions.  Major 
John  Lane  was  assigned  to  the  command  of  Cutts'  Battalion.  On 
the  4th  of  May,  this  battalion,  then  temporarily  attached  to  An- 
derson's Division,  guarding  the  fords  of  the  upper  Rapidan,  left 
winter  quarters  and  proceeded  to  the  Wilderness.    In  the  bat- 


ELEVENTH   BATTALION — CUTTS'   ARTILLERY.  113 

ties  wliich  took  place  during  the  next  two  days  at  this  point,  the 
ground  being  impracticable  for  artillery,  only  a  fow  gnns  were 
put  into  position,  which  few  however,  did  fffecLual  service  in 
aiding  to  drive  back  some  heavy  columns  of  the  enemy. 

Arriving  at  Spottsylvania  Court  House  on  the  9th  of  May, 
the  Battalion  took  position  on  the  main  road  leading  through 
this  place  to  Richmond,  and  proceeded  to  fortify  the  point.  8oon 
afterwards  a  column  of  the  enemy  approaching,  a  brisk  fire  was 
opened  upon  their  ranks,  when  they  retired  with  speed.  For 
several  days  nothing  transpired  save  a  few  artillery  duels  be- 
tween the  opposing  guns,  as  no  assault  was  made  upon  this- por- 
tion of  thf  line. 

Arriving  at  Hanover  Junction  oh  the  23d  of  May,  the  Battalion 
went  into  position  on  the  south  bank  of  the  Norl^  Anna  river, 
between  two  fords  on  this  stream,  to  resist  the  crossing  of  the 
enemy,  and  were  almost  immediately  engaged  in  repelling  his 
advance  upon  the  infantry  guanl  at  the  lower  bridge.  His  guard 
being  driven  back,  the  enemy  next  day  commenced  crossing  in 
lieavy  force,  under  a  vigorous  and  almost  incessant  fire  from  the 
guns,  this  B.attalion,  nnder  command  of  jNIajor  Lane,  Colonel 
Cutts  being  informally  in  charge  of  two  battalions.  So  accurate 
and  damaging  was  this  fire  that  the  Federal  commanders  resorted 
to  the  expedient  of  crossing  only  a  few  of  their  troops  at  a  time, 
and  these  in  straggling  squads,  while  a  long  line ^of  their  artillery 
attempted  to  silence  our  guns.  Several  of  the  cannoniers  were 
seriously  wounded,  some  by  the  bursting  of  a  20-ponnder  parrot; 
but  their  comrades  remained  unshaken  at  their  popts,  although 
tiie  enemy  used  mortars  for  the  first  time  in  the  field,  since  the 
comraenceinent  of  the  war,  in  addition  to  a  heavy  direct  fire. 
Nearly  the  wholfc  artillery  fighting  in  General  Lc^'s  army,  while 
on  these  lines  fell  to  the  lot  of  Lane*8  Battalion. 

General   Grant  continuing  to  move  by  the  left  flank   the  liat- 

talion   was  ordered   to  Creek,  where  after  some  firing, 

and  a  few  days  on  the  lines,  it  took  up  the  line  of  march  for  Cold 
Harbor,  and  there  went  into  position  on  Turkey  Ridge'on  .3d  of 
June.  After  several  4ays  of  more  or  less  artillery  dueling,  it 
moved  to  the  Chesterfield  Sleights  on  the  north  bank  of  the  Ap- 
pomattox, near  Petersburg,  and  proceeded  to  fortify  the  position 
known  as  the  Archer  House.  An  enfilading  fire  was  here  ob- 
tained upon  the  enemy's  line  to  the  south,  and  fifteen  guns, 
mostly  rifles,  from  the  battalionB  of  the  Third  Corps  were  con- 
O 


114  HEROES  AND   MARTYRS   OF   GEORGIA. 

centrated  at  this  point  under  command  of  Major  Lane,  to  check 
the  enemy's  fire  from  batteries  one  and  five  upon  Petersburg, 
and  two  30-pounder  parrots  added  to  his  own  battalion.  To 
oppose  this  aiTay  of  strength,  the  enemy  brought  into  command- 
ing positions  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  river  twenty  odd  guns, 
mostly  20  and  30-pound  parrots,  three  eight  inch  mortars,  and 
one  thirteen  inch.  For  five  weeks  Major  Lane  with  inferior 
guns,  and  far  inferior  ammunition,  fought  the  enemy  more  or 
less  every  day  or  night,  with  unyielding  tenacity.  Guns  were 
disabled,  works  knocked  down,  many  of  the  best  and  bravest  men 
and  oflacers  killed  and  wounded  ;  but  new  guns  were  mounted, 
the  works  rebuilt,  and  as  often  aS  the  enemy's  guns  on  that  front 
sent  a  shot  into  the  city,  the  iron  watchdogs  on  Archer's  Hill 
belched  forth  their  thunders  in  its  defense,  forcing  the  vandals 
to  turn  from  the  shelling  of  women  and  children  to  defend  him- 
self. The  Petersburg  Press  was  loud  in  its  praise  of  "our  strong 
batteries  on  the  Chesterfield  side."  Finally  after  in  vain  at- 
tempting to  silence  our  guns,  a  sort  of  tacit  truce  prevailed. 
Whenever  the  enemy  attempted  to  shell  the  town,  a  few  shots 
from  the  Archer's  House  would  produce  perfect  silence;  the 
enemy  ceasing  their  fire  to  prevent  our  guns  from  enfilading  their 
infantry  line.  Under  this  arrangement  the  Federal  batteries  on 
our  front  became  comparatively  useless  and  were  moved  further 
to  their  left.  Subsequently  Major  Lane  with  all  the  guns  of  his 
Battalion,  except  the  two  30-pounders  were  ordered  to  the  more 
immediate  Petersburg  front,  and  now  holds  position  on  the  Je- 
rusalem Plank  road  and  other  points  to  the  westward. 


THOMAS'  BRIGADE 

GEORGIA  VOLUNTEERS. 


This  Brigade  wa8  formed  about  the  15th  of  June,  1862^  and 
was  composed  of  the  following  named  regiments  : —  » 

Fourteenth  Georfpa  Regiment,  Colonel  Felix  M.  Price. 
Thirty-fifth  Georgia  Regiment,  Colonel  Edward  L.  Thomas. 
Forty -fifth  Georgia  Regiment,  Colonel  Thomas  Hardeman,  Jr. 
Forty-ninth  Georgia  Regiment,  Colonel  A.  J.  Lane. 

It  was  assigned  to  the  Division  of  Major  General  A.  P.  Hill. 
The  first  commander  of  the  brigade  was  Brigadier  Genera? 
Joseph  li.  Anderson  of  Virginia.  Under  the  command  of 
General  Anderson,  the  brigade  participated  in  the  battles  of 
MechanicRville,  fought  June  26th  ;  Gaines'  Mill,  June  27th  ;  and 
Fraser's  Farm,  June  30th,  1862.  Its  effective  strength  when  it 
crossed  the  Chickahominy  on  the  afternoon  of  June  26th,  was 
about  seventeen  hundred  and  fifty  men.  In  the  series  of  bloody 
battles  which  delivered  the  Southern  capital  from  siege,  this 
brigade  lost  five  hundred  and  sixty-three  men  in  killed  and 
wounded.  * 

About  the  20th  of  July  Brigadier  General  Anderson  resigned, 
and  the  command  of  the  brigade  devolved  upon  Colonel  Edward 
L.  Thomas,  who  had  commanded  tho  Thirty-fifth  Georgia  Regi- 
ment with  great  success  and  gallantry  in  the  aViove  mentioned 
battles,  and  also  the  battle  of  Seven  Pines.  General  A.  P.  Hill's 
Division  being  assigned  to  the  command  of  General  T.  J.  Jackson 
on  July  31  st,  1862,  this  brigade  left  the  camp  it  had  occupied 
since  the  battles  around  Richmond,  and  went  to  Gordonsville, 
where  General  Jackson's  forces  had  collected.  The  brigade 
remained  at  Gordonsville  tmtil  the  7th  of  Augtist,  when  it  moved 
with  the  rest  of  General  Jackson's  forces,  by  way  of  Orange 
Court  House.  On  tho  0th  day  of  August,  after  a  long  and  very 
hot  march.  General  Jackson's  command  encountered  the  enemy 
under  Major  General  Pope,  near  Cedar  Run  in  Culprppor,  where 
he  utterly  defeated  them,  driving  ibem  several  miles  from  tho 


116  HEROES  AND   MARTYRS  OF   GEORGIA. 

field  of  battle.  Thomas'  Brigade  behaved  with  distinguishing 
gallantry  in  this  battle,  checking  the  advance  of  the  enemy  on 
the  extreme  right  of  General  Jackson's  command,  and  holding 
them  in  check  for  some  time,  until  after  a  long,  obstinate  and 
bloody  fight,  the  order  was  given  by  General  Jackson  for  a 
general  charge,  when  the  brigade  advanced  with  the  utmost 
bravery  and  enthusiasm,  driving  the  enemy  in  utter  rout  before 
them.  The  loss  of  the  brigade  in  this  battle,  known  as  the  battle 
of  Cedar  Run,  was  about  one  hundred  and  fifty  men  in  killed 
and  wounded.  Among  the  killed  was  Lieutenant  Colonel  S.  M. 
Manning  of  the  Forty-ninth  Georgia  Regiment,  one  of  the  best 
and  bravest  ofiicers  in  the  brigade. 

For  some  time  after  this  battle,  Thomas'  Brigade,  with  the 
rest  of  General  Jackson's  Corps,  was  encamped  on  Crensliaw's 
farm  in  Orange  County,  leaving  which  about  the  23d  of  August, 
it  proceeded  under  General  Jackson  on  that  celebrated  flanking 
march,  which  by  its  successful  accomplishment,  placed  the  corps 
of  the  immortal  Stonewall  in  the  rear  of  Pope's  Army.  The 
astonishing  boldness  of  this  movement,  the  remarkable  success 
and  secrecy  of  its  execution^  the  daring  and  obstinate  bravery 
with  which  Jackson's  Corps  alone  and  unsupported,  confronted 
and  beat  off  Pope's  Army  on  the  28th  and  29th  of  Angust,  are 
among  the  wonders  of  this  war.  No  man  except  the  hero  who 
commanded  that  corps,  could  have  kept  men  firm  under  circum- 
stances so  extraordinary.  Thomas'  Brigade  was  in  i*eserve  on 
the  28th  of  August.  On  the  29th  it  charged  upon  and  routed 
with  considerable  slaughter,  a  force  of  the  enemy  on  the  Manassas 
Gap  railroad,  which  position  after  having  gained,  the  brigade 
held  during  the  day.  After  a  long  and  bloody  fight  of  nine 
hours'  duration,  during  which  repeated  charges  of  the  enemy 
were  repulsed,  the  brigade,  was  driven  from  its  position  by  an 
overwhelming  force  of  the  enemy ;  but  uniting  with  Pender's 
North  Carolina  Brigade,  with  their  assistance  the  enemy  was 
finally  driven  back. 

On  the  evening  of  August  29th  the  corps  of  Lieutenant 
General  Longstreet  arrived.  The  long  agony  of  Jackson's  Corps 
was  now  past,  for  five  brave  divisions  had  come  to  their  assistance, 
and  with  their  arrival,  renewed  confidence  was  instilled  into  the 
soldiers  of  Jackson,  who,  though  by  no  means  intimidated  by 
the  immense  odds  against  which  they  were  contending,  were 
perfectly  confident  that  with  the  heroes  of  Longstreet,  they 


THOMAS'   GEORGIA  BRIGADE.  117 

• 
could  hurl  from  their  front  the  legions  of  Abolitionism.  The 
next  morning  the  conflict  was  renewed  and  raged  desperately 
deadly.  Pope's  Army  had  been  largely  reinforced  by  the 
remains  of  McClellan's  Peninsula  Army,  On  that  day,  August 
30th,  the  classic  plains  of  Manassas  were  the  scene  of  a  long  and 
boody  battle,  and  a  most  disastrous  defeat  on  the  part  of  tho 
enemy,  terminating  in  their  utter  rout.  Thomas'  Brigade  fought . 
on  that  day,  and  was  among  the  foremost  in  the  pursuit  of  the 
enemy.  The  brigade  subsequently  took  part  in  the  action  near 
Ch.intilly  on  the  1st  day  of  Sejit ember,  in  which  the  enemv  were 
again  defeated  and  again  routed. 

General  Lee's  Army  invading  Maryland  in  1P62,  Thomas' 
Brigade,  with  the  rest  of  General  A.  P.  Hill's  Division,  crossed 
the  Potomac  river  near  Leesburg  on  the  5th  of  September,  and 
reached  Frederick  City  two  days  thereafter.  After  a  few  days 
of  rest  the  march  was  resumed,  and  recrossing  the  Potomac  at 
Williamsport,  reached  Harper's  Ferry  via  Martinsburg,  on  the 
14th  of  September,  and  assisted  in  the  capture  of  that  i)lace» 
together  with  the  entire  Federal  force,  numbering  eleven  thousand 
men.  The  brigade  being  ordered  to  remain  at  Harper's  Ferry, 
was  not  present  at  the  battle  of  Sharpsburg;  it  took  part, 
however,  in  the  subsequent  affair  near  Shepherdstown.  A  force 
of  the  enemy  having  crossed  the  Potomac,  Major  General  A.  P. 
Hill  turned  upon  them  with  Thomas',  Gregg's  and  Pender's 
Brigades  of  his  gallant  and  world  renowned  Light  Division,  and 
<lrove  them  in  utter  rout  back  across  the  river.  For  sorav  time 
after  this  the  army  lay  quiet,  near  Bunker  Hill  in  the  Valley  of 
Virginia. 

While  here  Colonel  Felix  M.  Price  having  resigned,  Lieutenant 
Colonel  Holiert  W.  Folsom  w.as  promote*!  to  the  Colonelcy  of 
the  Fourteenth  Georgia  Regiment.  Colonel  Thomas  Hardeman 
having  resigned.  Lieutenant  Colonel  Thomas  J.  Simmons  was 
promoted  to  the  Colonelcy  of  the  Forty-fifth  (^eorgia  Regiment. 
Colonel  A.  J.  Lane  having  resigned,  and  Lieutenant  Colonel 
S.  M.  Manning  being  killed.  Major  Jonathan  Rivers  was  promoted 
to  the  Colonelcy  of  the  Forty-ninth  Georgia  Regiment. 

Whfle  in  the  Valley  ('olonel  Edward  L.  Thomas  was  promoted 
to  Brigadier  General,  to  which  position  he  had  been  recommended 
by  Major  General  A.  P.  Hill  immediately  after  the  battles 
around  Richmond,  but  the  commission  wa«<  not  conferred  upon 
him  unlil  the  Ist  of  November,  1862,  after  he  had  repeatedly 


118  HEROES  AND  MARTYES  OF  GEORGIA. 

<" 
earned   his  wreath  while  commanding  the  brigade  in  several 
bloody  battles. 

About  the  10th  of  November,  1862,  the  brigade  left  the 
Valley  of  Virginia,  and  crossing  the  Blue  Ridge  Mountains  at 
Milom  Gap,  marched  by  way  of  Orange  Court  House  to  Fred- 
ericksburg. It  remained  encamped  near  that  place  until  the  11th 
of  December,  when,  General  Burnsides  having  crossed  the 
Rappahannock  river  with  the  Federal  Army,  the  brigade  took 
position  near  Hamilton's  Crossing.  It  remained  quiet,  being  in 
the  second  line,  until  December  13th,  when  the  grand  attack  of 
the  enemy  took  place.  The  troops  in  its  front  having  been 
compelled  by  a  strong  column  of  the  enemy  to  give  back, 
Thomas'  Brigade  Tjy  a  well  directed  and  energetic  charge,  in 
turn  drove  back  and  utterly  routed  the  Federals  in  its  front. 
The  brigade  in  this  movement  lost  heavily.  It  remained  in  the 
front  line  and  was  not  again  engaged  until  relieved.  The  next 
day  the  Fe(}eral  Army,  badly  beaten  and  demoralized,  had 
recrossed  the  Rappahannock,   a 

The  winter  of  '62  and  '63  was  passed  by  Thomas'  Brigade  at 
Camp  Gregg,  (so  called  in  honor  of  Brigadier  General  Maxcy 
Gregg  of  South  Carolina,  who  was  killed  in  the  battle  of 
Fredericksburg)  about  eight  miles  below  Fredericksburg. 

On  the  30th  day  of  April,  1863,  the  enemy  having  again 
crossed  the  river  Rappahannock  in  front  of  Hamilton's  Crossing, 
this  brigade  left  its  camp  and  marched  to  that  point.  On  the 
1st  of  May  it  proceeded  towards  Chancellorsville.  On  the  2d 
it  moved  with  the  rest  of  Jackson's  Corps  on  that  celebrated 
flank  movement,  by  which  the  corps  of  the  immortal  Stonewall, 
making  a  cfetour  of  fourteen  miles,  gained  the  extreme  right  of 
the  enemy's  position,  and  surprised  and  routed  two  corps  of  thera 
with  great  slaughter.  Night  put  a  stop  to  the  rout  of  the 
enemy.  Thomas'  Brigade  was  placed  in  position  during  the 
night,  on  the  extreme  left  of  the  front  line.  About  daylight  on 
the  3d  of  May,  the  order  came  to  advance  and  attack  the  enemy 
at  once.  Without  a  moment's  hesitation  the  brigade  advanced, 
driving  a  line  of  the  enemy's  skirmishers  before  it,  until  having 
advanced  about  two  hundred  and  fifty  yards,  the  enemjP  were 
found  in  breastworks  with  an  abatis  in  front,  of  trees  which 
they  had  felled  during  the  night.  At  once  a  charge  was  ordered 
by  General  Thomas,  aud  without  faltering  an  instant  the  brigade 
with  a  cheer,  such  as  only  Southern  boys  can  give,  rushed  forward 


THOMAS    GEORGIA   BRIGADE.  119 

through  a  storm  of  balls,  through  the  abatis  and  over  the 
breastworks,  driving  the  enemy's  front  line,  supports,  reserves 
and  all,  m  a  headlong  rabble  rout  before  them.  This  most  gallant 
charge  cost  the  brigade  about  two  hundred  men  and  officers 
killed  and  wounded  ;  amr/ng  them  Lieutenant  Colonel  James  M. 
Fielder  of  the  Fourteenth  Georgia,  who  was  shot  down  in  a 
few  yards  of  the  eneiny's  works,  bravely  leading  on  his  men. 

By  this  action  and  subsequent  operations,  the  enemy  having 
been  driven  back  across  the  Rappahannock,  the  troops  returned 
to  their  old  camps  near  Fredericksburg.  The  glorious  victory 
of  Chanoellorsville  cost  the  Confederate  Army  dear.  Stonewall 
Jackson  died  soon  after  of  woiuids  received  in  that  battle, — 
leaving  the  country  to  mourn  one  of  its  purest  and  truest  patriots, 
and  the  army  to  regret  a  leader  under  whose  brilliant  guidance 
it  had  so  often  marched  to  assured  victory. 

The  Army  of  Northern  Virginia  being  subsequently  divided 
into  three  corps,  Major  General  A.  P.  Hill  was  promoted  to  the 
rank  of  Lieutenant  General,  and  Brigadier  General  W.  D.  Pender 
to  Major  General, — Thomas'  Brigade  then  being  In  Pender's 
Division,  A.  P.  Hill's  Corps.  About  the  middle  of  June  the 
second  invasion  of  the  enemy's  territory  commenced.  Thomas' 
Brigade  marched  by  way  of  Culpepper  Court  House,  Chester 
Gap,  Berryville,  Shepherdstown,  Virginia,  and  Hagerstown, 
Maryland,  into  the  State  of  Pennsylvania.  The  invasion  ended 
with  the  battle  of  Gettysburg,  in  which  Thomas'  Brigade  did 
not  participate,  except  in  very  heavy  skirmishing,  and  in  being 
subjected  to  one  of  the  most  awful  artillery  fires  ever  witnessed. 
The  loss  of  the  brigade,  however,  amounted  to  about  two  hundred 
and  fifty  men,  killed,  wounded  and  prisoners. 

After  leaving  Pennsylvania  the  brigade  returned  through  the 
lower  Valley,  and  across  the  Blue  Ridge,  to  the  vicinity  of 
Orange  Court  House,  where  it  remained  in  encampment  until 
about  the  9th  of  October,  1863,  when  the  army  again  broke  up 
camp  and  marched  against  the  enemy  encamped  aroimd  Culpepper 
Court  House.  Thomas'  Brigade  was  not  engaged  in  the  affair 
with  the  rear  guard  of  the  enemy  at  Bristow  Station. 

After  destroying  the  railroad  from  Bull  Run  to  the  Rappahan* 
nocli,  our  forces  returned  to  their  camps  around  Orange  Court 
House,  where  they  remained  quiet  until  the  latter  part  of  the 
month  of  November,  1863,  when  the  enemy  under  Greneral 
Mead«  having  croiMd  the  Rapid  Ann,  General  Lee  advanced  to 


120  HEROES  AND   MARTYRS   OF  GEORGIA. 

meet  him.  Our  line  of  battle  was  formed  on  the  west  side  of 
Mine  Run,  across  the  plank  road  to  Fredericksburg.  General 
Meade  seeing  the  disposition  of  our  forces,  returned  across  the 
Rapid  Ann  without  coming  to  an  engagement.  The  brigade  of 
General  Thomas  remained  in  camp  near  Orange  Court  House 
until  the  15th  of  December,  when  it  was  ordered  to  Staunton, 
Virginia,  to  repel  a  raid  under  General  Avenll.  Subsequently  it 
moved  down  the  Valley  as  far  as  Middletown,  to  facilitate  a 
movement  of  Major  General  Fitzhugh  Lee's  Cavalry  Division 
across  the  North  Mountain ;  after  which  in  the  month  of  January, 
1864,  with  Rosser's  Cavalry  Brigade,  both  brigades  being 
commanded  by  Major  General  J.  A.  Early,  Thomas'  Brigade 
left  camp  near  Harrisonburg,  Virginia,  and  crossing  the  North 
mountain,  reached  Moorfield,  Hardy  County,  January  31st.  The 
brigade  on  the  ensuing  day  marched  towards  Petersburg,  where 
the  enemy  had  a  force  of  three  infantry  regiments  strongly 
entrenched;  but  they  evacuated  the  post  before  the  arrival  of 
this  brigade. 

In  the  meantime  General  Rosser  making  a  circuitous  march, 
gucceeded  in  surprising  and  capturing  the  enemy's  supply  train 
of  one  hundred  and  five  (105)  wagons,  which  with  twelve  hun- 
dred head  of  beef  cattle,  and  six  hundred  sheep,  were  the  fruits 
of  the  expedition. 

The  brio-ade  returned  to  Orange  Court  House  about  the  5th 
of  March,  1864,  where  it  remained  in  quiet  until  the  spring  cam- 
paign of  1864  commenced. 

By  the  resignation  of  Colonel  S.  T,  Player  and  others,  C.-^p- 
tain  J.  T.  Jordan  was  promoted  about  this  time  to  Colonel  of 
the  Forty-ninth  Georgia  regiment. 

During  the  winter  of  1863  and  '64,  the  Army  of  the  Potomac 
was  encamped  around  Culpepper  Court  House,  Virginia,  under 
the  command  of  Major  General  Meade. 

In  the  beginning  of  the  month  of  May,  the  most  arduous  cam- 
paign of  the  war  was  inaugurated  by  the  advance  of  the  Yankee 
army  from  their  winter  quarters. 

The  Federal  Government  had  been  preparing  for  some  months 
for  another  attempt  to  capture  Richmond.  A  larger  army  was 
assembled  than  ever  before,  and  was  placed  under  the  command 
of  Lieutenant  General  U.  S.  Grant,  whose  successes  in  the  west 
gave  his  government  the  highest  hopes  of  his  abilities  to  capture 


THOMAS'   GEORGIA  BRIGADE.  121 

the  capitol  .of  the  Confederacy.  The  equipment  of  his  array  was 
in  every  respect  complete. 

A  cohmin  of  thirty  thousand  men  ilnder  the  command  of 
Butler,  the  Beast,  was  to  co-operate  with  General  Grant,  by  way 
of  the  James  river.  General  Grant's  inf;intry  force  alone  was 
computed  at  ninety-six  thousand  muskets  ;  which  with  a  numer- 
ous cavalry  and  artillery  might  well  excite  the  hope  in  the  hearts 
of  the  Northern  people,  that  "  the  rebellion  would  now  be 
crushed." 

General  Grant  commenced  crossing  the  Rapid  Ann  about  the 
3d  of  May.  On  the  4th  General  Lee  left  his  camps  around 
Orange  Court  House,  and  marched  down  the  plank  road  and 
turnpike  towards  Fredericksburg,  On  the  5th  of  May  he 
attacked  the  Federal  forces  with  decided  success  in  the  "  Wil- 
derness." 

On  the  evening  of  the  5th  Thomas'  Brigade  was  ordered  into 
the  action,  with  direction  to  proceed  to  the  left  of  and  form  on 
McGowan's  South  Carolina  Brigade,  then  engaged  in  a  desperate 
fight  with  the  enemy.  While  marching  to  execute  this  order,  it 
was  discovered  that  a  strong  column  of  the  enemy  had  passed 
around  the  flank  of  the  brigade  and  were  in  our  rear.  Under 
these  circumstances,  which  were  well  calculated  to  test  the 
courage  and  coolness  of  any  troops  in  the  most  trying  manner, 
General  E.  L.  Thomas  promptly  faced  the  brigade  to  the  rear, 
and  attacked  the  enemy,  repulsing  them  with  heavy  loss.  This 
position  was  held  until  all  fighting  ceased.  During  the  night 
Davis'  Brigade,  which  had  been  iu  rear  of  Thomas'  during  the 
afternoon  was  retired,  and  Thomas'  was  left  with  the  enemy  in 
line  in  its  front  and  rear,  and  on  its  right  flank,  totally  uncon- 
nected with  the  balance  of  the  division  or  any  other  supports. 
These  unfavorable  circnrastances  were  reported  by  General 
Thomas  to  Major  General  Wilcox  commanding  the  division,  but 
produced  no  rectification  of  the  line,  and  f li*'  lui'^'adu  was  ordered 
to  remain  in  that  position  until  relieved. 

On  the  morning  of  the  6th,  about  day  light,  the  brigade  was 
attacked,  at  first  only  in  front,  this  attack  was  successfully  re- 
pulsed. While  thus  engaged  another  attack  was  made  by  the 
enemy  upon  our  flank  and  rear  in  heavy  force,  while  at  the  same 
time  ihey  were  steadily  closing  the  only  avenue  of  escape  left  to 
the  brigade.  This  state  of  afl^airs  rendered  it  necessary  to  with- 
draw, which  was  done  by  the  left  flunk  in  great  confusion,  to- 

P 


122  HEROES  AND"  MARTYRS   OF   GEORGIA. 

gether  with  the  rest  of  the  division.  This  very  unfortunate 
affair  cost  this  brigade  many  vahiable  officers  and  men,  among 
them  one  of  its  best  ofii*cers,  Colonel  Robert  W.  JFolsom,  of  the 
Fourteenth  Georgia  regiment,  whose  zeal,  energy  and  true  pa- 
triotism, rendered  him,  though  but  a  young  man,  a  most  distin- 
guished soldier,  and  known  as  such  throughout  the  army  of 
Northern  Virginia.  The  responsibility  for  this  useless  shedding 
of  precious  blood,  does  not  rest  upon  any  officer  of  Thomas' 
Brigade. 

Leaving  the  gory  field  of  the  Wilderness,  the  brigade  marched 
to  Spottsylvania  Court  House.  Here  it  was  engaged  on  May 
12th  in  repulsing  the  desperate  effort  of  the  enemy  to  break 
General  Lee's  centre. 

The  battle  lasted  from  daylight  in  the  morning  until  past  mid- 
day, and  was  one  of  the  bloodiest  and  hardest  contested  fields  of 
the  war.  The  enemy  were  finally  repulsed  with  a  slaughter  so 
sickening  that  the  heart  heaves  at  the  details.  Thomas'  Brigade 
acted  gallantly  and  suffered  severely.  It  drove  the  enemy  out 
of  and  past  a  portion  of  our  line,  from  which  they  had  previously 
driven  a  portion  of  our  forces.  The  brigade  then  retired  to  the 
recaptured  portion  of  the  line  and  held  it. 

Leaving  Spottsylvania  Court  House  about  the  20th  of  May, 
the  brigade  arrived  south  of  the  North  Anna  river  on  the  21st, 
where  for  several  days  the  army  was  in  line  of  battle,  but  were 
not  attacked  by  the  enemy.  From  this  position  General  Lee's 
army  moved  across  the  South  Anna,  constantly  confronting  the 
Federal  army,  and  warding  it  X)ff  from  Richmond,  until  Grant's 
left  and  General  Lee's  right  rested  upon  the  Chickahominy  river, 
near  the  Grapevine  bridge,  and  Cold  Harbor.  Here  General 
Grant  made  a  desperate  effort  to  break  our  lines,  but  was  re- 
pulsed with  immense  slaughter,  while  our  loss  was  very  small. 
Thomas'  Brigade  was  not  actively  engaged  in  this  affair,  known 
as  the  battle  of  Cold  Harbor.  Failing  so  signally  at  this  point, 
General  Grant  moved  his  army  across  the  James  river  and  ap- 
peared about  the  middle  of  June  in  front  of  the  city  of  Peters- 
burg, which  city  he  has  not  as  yet  succeeded  in  capturing,  hav- 
ing been  repulsed  with  great  loss  in  several  desperate  assaults. 

At  Mechanicsville,  Gaines'  Mill,  Fraser's  F'arra,  Cedar  Run, 
Manassas  No.  2,  Chantilly,  Harpers  Ferry,  Shepherdstown,  Fred- 
ericksburg, Chancellorsville,  Gettysburg,  in  the  Wilderness,  on 


THOMAS'   GEORGIA  BRIGADE.  123 

the  Ny,  and  the  Appomattox,  this  brigade  has  proven  its  devo- 
tion to  the  great  principle  for  wliich  we  have  taken  up  arms. 

Many  a  gallant  brother  in  arms  have  wc  buried  in  Old  Vir- 
ginia's soil,  many  a  disabled  comrade  has  left  our  side,  bearing  on 
this  body  the  marks  of  the  terrible  battle  field.  We  are  now  few, 
but  we  are  still  undismayed.  With  an  unshaken  confidence  in 
God,  we  stand  ready  now  as  heretofore  to  meet  the  foe. 

BRIGADIER   GENERAL   AXD   STAFF,    AUGUST    8TH,    1864. 

Edward  L.  Thomas,  Brigadier  General. 

Captain  William  Arnold,  Aftnintant  Adjufant  General. 

Captain  W.  J.  Gorliam,  Assistant  Adjutant  and  Inspector  General, 

Lieutenant  E.  L.  Lewis,  Aid-de-Camp. 

Major  R.  T.  Taylor,  Brigade  Quartermaster. 

Major  Lewis  Ginter,  Brigade  Commissary. 

Captain  J.  W.  Moore,  Assistant  Commissary. 

Lieutenant  S.  F.  Tenny,  Brigade  Ordnance  Officer. 

REGIMENTAL   COMMANDERS,    AUGUST    8tH,    1864. 

Fonrt«enth  Georgia  Re^ment,  Major  "W.  L.  Goldsirith. 
Thirt y-fiflh  Georgia  Rcfriment,  Lieutenant  Colonel  W.  H.  McCullohs, 
Forty -fifth  Georgia  Regiment,  Colonel  T.  J.  Simmons. 
Forty-Ninth  Georgia  Regimant,  Colonel  J.  T.  Jordan. 


FORTY-NINTH  REGIMENT 

GEORGIA  VOLUNTEERS, 


STATISTICAL    RECORD. 

STRENGTH    OF    REGIMENT. 

Originally  enlisted  and  recruited,        .... 


1863 


LOSSES   IN  EACH    ENGAGEMENT. 

Place  and  Date. 
Seven  Pines,  May  31st,  1862,     . 
Mechanicsville,  June  26th,  1862, 
Cold  Harbor,  June  27th,  1862,  , 
Frazer's  Farm,  June  30th,  1862, 
Malvern  Hill,  July  1st,  1862,     . 
Cedar  Run,  August  9th,  1862,  . 
Manassas,  No.  2,  August  29th  and  80th,  1862, 
Ox  Hill,  September  1st,  1862,    .         . 
Harper's  Ferry,  September  15th,  1862,     . 
Shepherdstown,  September  19th,  1862,     . 
Fredericksburg,  December  13th,  1862, 
Chancellorsville,  May  3d,  1863, 
Gettysburg,  Pennsylvania,  July  1st,  2d  and  3d, 
Mine  Run,  November  2Yth,  1863, 
Wilderness,  May  5th  and  6th,  1864,  . 
Spottsylvania  Court  House,  May  12th,  1864, 
Jericho  Ford,  May  23d,  1864,    . 
Nances'  Shop,  June  23d,  1864,  . 

Total  casualties,     . 

Number  of  men  died  of  disease, 
"  "  "        wounds,     . 

Total  deaths, 
Nnmber  of  men  discharged,   . 
"  "       transferred,  . 

"  "       deserted, 

Total  real  loss. 
Add  number  of  men  wounded, 


1160 


Killed. 

Wounded. 

11 

52 

4 

26 

4 

20 

5 

11 

2 

6 

16 

89 

13 

51 

3 

5 

6 

1 

4 

12 

47 

1 

41 

14 

58 

1 

23 

68 

4 

18 

2 

11 

2 

1 

124 

463 

289 

18 

431 

194 

6 

6 

636 

463 

< 

1099 


Total  of  all  losses,   .         . 

The  Forty-ninth  Regimentof  Georgia  Volunteers  was  organized 
trader  a  call  for  volunteers,  by  Governor  Joseph  E.  Brown,  on 
the  4th  day  of  March,  1862,  and  was  composed  of  the  following 
named  companies,  to  which  are  appended  the  names  of  the 
officers: 


FORTF-NINTH    GEORGIA   REGIMENT.  126 

Company  A,  Wilkinson  County — Captain  S.  T.  Player,  Lieu- 
tenants James  B.  Diiggan,  J.  Walker,  J.  R.  F.  Miller.  Number 
of  men  enlisted,  one  hundred  and  thirty-six,  (136)  of  whom  four 
(4)  were  promoted ;  seventeen  (17)  killed  in  action,  thirty  (30) 
died  of  disease,  thirteen  (13)  discharged  and  retired,  and  two  (2) 
deserted. 

Compa7iy  JB,  Telfair  County — Captain  James  Humphrey, 
Lieutenants  James  Y.  Wilcox,  William  Hatton,  L.  L.  Williams. 
Number  of  men  enlisted  one  hundred  and  twelve,  (112)  of  whom 
three  (3)  were  promoted ;  twelve  (12)  killed  in  action,  twenty-six 
(26)  died  of  disease,  and  six  (6)  discharged  and  retired. 

Comjyany  (7,  Washington  County — Cafitain  W.  W.  Carter, 
Lieutenants  N.  H.  Clay,  J.  T.  Jordan,  M.  Newman.  Number  of 
men  enlisted  eighty-one,  (81)  of  whom  five  (5)  were  promoted ; 
twelve  (12)  killed  in  action,  twenty-two  (22)  died  of  disease,  and 
thirteen  (13)  discharged  or  retired. 

Company  D,  Taliaferro  County — Captain  William  F.  Holden, 
Lieutenants  E.  D.  Rhodes,  John  A.  Durham,  L.  M.  Andrews. 
Number  of  men  enlisted  one  hundred  and  five,  (105)  of  whom 
fotir(4)  were  promoted;  twenty'(20)  killed  inaction,  twenty-one 
(21)  died  of  disease,  and  eighteen  (18)  discharged  and  retired. 

Company  E^  Wilcox  County — Captain  J.  D.  Fuller,  Lieu- 
tenants D.  S,  McCall,  P.  Brown,  R.  D.  Bowen.  Number  of  men 
enlisted  one  hundred  and  seventeen,  (1 17)  of  whom  four  (4)  were 
promoted;  eighlten  (18)  killed  in  action,  forty-two  (42)  died  of 
disease,  and  fourteen  (14)  discharged  and  retired. 

Company  F,  Irwin  County — Captain  O.  H.  Cooke,  Lieuten- 
ants R.  W.  Clements,  R.  Tucker,  L.  O.  Young.  Number  of  man 
enlisted  one  hundred  and  twenty-six,  (126)  of  whom  foar  (4) 
were  promoted ;  six  (6)  killed  in  action,  forty-two  (42)  died  of 
disease  and  twenty-eight  (28)  discharged  or  retired. 

Company  G^  Tynnrcns  County — Captain  J.  T.  Chappell,  Lieu- 
tenants J.  A.  Daniel,  R.  IL  Duncan,  C.  C.  Clark.  Number  of 
men  enlisted  one  hundred  and  thirty,  (130)  of  whom  four  (4) 
were  promoted ;  fourteen  (14)  killed  in  action,  thirty-four  (34) 
died  of  disease,  twenty  (20)  discharged  and  retired,  and  one  (1) 
deserted.    The  deserter  was  not  a  native  of  Laurens  County. 

Company  //,  Washington  CourUy — Captain  C.  M.  Jones, 
Lieutenants  A.  D.  Jennigan,  T.  W.  Newsome,  L.  ]M.  Kinraon. 
Number  of  men  enlisted  eighty-nine,  (89)  of  whom  four  (4)  were 
promoted,  seven  (7)  killed  in  actioD,  twenty-eight  (28)  died  of 


126  HEROES  AND  MARTYRS  OF  GEORGIA. 

disease,  twelve  (12)  discharged  and  retired,  one  (1)  transferred, 
and  two  (2)  deserted.  The  two  deserters  were  assigned  to  this 
company  from  Echols  county ;  they  were  not  citizens  of  Wash- 
ington county. 

Company  7,  Hancock  County — Captain  A.  J.  Lane,  Leiuten- 
ants  J.  J.  Lawrence,  L.  L. 'Lamar,  William  Amos.  Number  of 
men  enlisted,  ninety-eight,  (98),  of  whom  six  (6)  were  pi-omoted  ; 
thirteen  (13)  killed  in  action,  twelve  (12)  died  of  disease, 
nineteen  (19)  discharged  and  retired,  two  (2)  transferred  to 
non-commissioned  staff,  and  one  (1)  deserted.  The  deserter  was 
a  native  of  Ireland. 

Company  K,  Pulaski  County. — Captain  S.  M.  Manning, 
Lieutenants  W.  H.  Whitfield,  John  H.  Pate,  E.  A.  Smith,  Number 
of  men  enlisted,  one  hundred  and  twenty-four,  (124)  of  whom 
seven  (7)  were  promoted;  thirteen  (13)  killed  in  action,  twenty- 
four  (24)  died  of  disease,  and  eighteen  (18)  discharged  and 
retired. 

The  above  named  companies  rendezvoused  at  Camp  Davis, 
near  Savannah,  Georgia,  and  on  the  22d  day  of  March,  1862, 
completed  the  organization  of  the  regiment  by  the  election  of  the 
following  field  officers  : — 

Colonel : — Captain  A.  J.  Lane,  of  Hancock  County. 

Lieutenant  Colonel-: — Captain  S.  M.  Manning,  of  Pulaski  County. 

Major : — Private  Jonathan  Rivers,  of  Wilkinson  County. 

The  following  staff  appointments  were  made  by  Colonel  Lane,  which  were 
subsequently  confirmed  by  the  Secretary  of  War. — 

Thomas  Latimer, — Adjutant. 
J.  M.  Harris, — Assistant  Quartermaster. 
J.  W.  Moore, — A.nsistant  Co)nmissary  Subsistence. 
*  James  J.  Humphries, — Surgeon. 

f  R.  H.  Pate, — Assistant  Surgeon, 

J.  J.  Hyman, — Chaplain. 

Of  the  forty-six  (46)  officers  above  enumerated,  six  (6)  were 
killed  in  action,  five  (5)  died  of  disease,  twenty-five  (25)  resigned, 
two  (2)  transferred,  and  two  (2)  cashiered.  The  remaining  six 
(6)  original  officers  are : — Lieutenant  J.  T.  Jordan,  (now  Colonel), 
Lieutenant  James  B.  Duggan,  (now  Major),  Lieutenant  M.  New- 
man, (now  Adjutant),  Lieutenant  L.  M.  Andrews,  (now  Captain), 
Lieutenant  L.  L.  Williams,  (now  Captain),  and  Chaplain  J.  J. 
Hyman.  All  the  other  officers  in  the  regiment  at  the  present 
time,  September  1st,  1864,  have  been  elected  and  promoted 'by 
seniority  since  the  organization. 


FORTr-NINTH   GEORGIA    REGIMENT.  127 

The  intervening  time  between  the  organization  and  the  depar- 
ture of  the  regiment  for  Goldsboro,  North  Carolina,  on  the  2d 
of  April,  1862,  was  occupied  in  daily  drills  in  the  manual  of  arms 
and  the  school  of  the  soldier.  Upon  its  arrival  at  Goldsboro  it 
was  incorporated  into  the  brigade  of  General  Joseph  R.  Anderson 
of  Virginia,  who  at  that  time  had  command  at  that  point. 

Diseases  incident  to  camp  life,  such  as  measles  and  dysentery, 
became  alarmingly  prevalent  in  the  regiment,  detaining  it  in 
camp  some  three  weeks  longer  than  the  other  regiments  of  the 
brigade,  who  had  received  orders  and  left  for  Virginia  about  the 
1st  of  May,  1862.  After  the  departure  of  General  Anderson 
this  regiment  was  assigned  to  the  brigade  of  General  William 
Walker,  wherein  it  remaiited  until  the  health  of  the  men  was 
sufficiently  restored  to  enable  them  to  proceed  to  Richmond. 
Accordingly  on  the  24tli  day  of  May,  1862,  the  regiment  was 
transported  to  Virginia  by  railroad,  with  orders  to  report  again 
to  General  Anderson  ;  but  upon  the  arrival  of  the  Forty-ninth  in 
Richmond,  it  was  considered  impracticable  to  join  General 
Anderson's  command,  which  was  then  stationed  near  Guinea's 
Station  on  the  Fredericksburg  railroad,  and  it  was  assigned 
temporarily  to  the  brigade  of  General  Pettigrew,  under  whose 
command  it  engaged  in  the  battle  of  Seven  Pines  on  the  Slst  of 
May,  sustaining  a  loss  of  eleven  killed  and  fifty-two  wounded. 
The  Forty-ninth  Georgia  encountered  the  enemy  with  a  coolness 
and  determination,  hardly  to  have  been  expected  from  troops 
who  then  went  under  fire  for  the  first  time.  Yet  such  was  their 
conduct  on  that  occasion,  as  to  elicit  the  remark  of  General 
Joseph  E.  Johnston,  which  was  uttered  in  the  hearing  of  several 
officers,  "Those  men  move  like  veterans."' 

Under  a  galling  fire  of  grape,  canister  and  rainnie  balls,  the 
regiment  moved  steadily  on  until  ordered  to  retreat.  General 
Pettigrew  having  been  seriously  wounded  and  fallen  into  the 
hands  of  the  enemy,  the  regiment  was,  on  the  3d  of  June,  placed 
in  a  brigade  of  which  General  Pender  of  North  Carolina,  had 
just  assumed  command,  under  whom  it  remained  a  short  time, 
when  it  was  finally  again  joined  to  the  brigade  of  General 
Anderson.  Daily  drills  and  picket  duty  on  the  defenses  near  the 
Mechanicsville  turnpike,  were  the  occupation  of  the  regiment  till 
the  movement  began  on  the  24th  of  June,  which  culminated  in 
the  "Seven  Days'  Battles  around  Richmond." 

The  brigade  having  been  assigned  to  Majpr  General  A«  P.  Hill's 


128  HEROES  AND  MARTYRS  OF  GEORGIA. 

Division,  widely  known  as  the  Light  Division,  this  regiment  with 
the  others  of  i\re  brigade,  crossed  the  Meadow  bridge  over  the 
Chickahominy  on  the  26th  of  June,  and  was  soon  engaged  in 
the  Battle  of  Mechanicsville,  sustaining  a  loss  of  four  killed  and 
twenty-six  wounded.  Colonel  Lane  who  had  ably  commanded 
the  regiment  in  the  battle  of  Seven  Pines  and  in  this  battle,  was 
here  so  seriously  wounded  as  to  disable  him  for  further  field 
service.  At  the  battle  of  Cold  Harbor  on  the  27th  of  June,  the 
regiment  was  again  engaged,  being  gallantly  led  by  Lieutenant 
Colonel  Manning,  in  the  several  assaults  against  the  enemy's 
strongly  fortified  positions,  on  which  occasions  it  sustained  a  loss 
of  four  killed  and  twenty  wounded.  At  the  battle  of  Fraser's 
Farm  on  the  30th  of  June,  in  the  absence  of  Lieutenant  Colonel 
Manning,  who  was  too  weak  from  exhaustion  to  participate  in 
it.  Major  Jonathan  Rivers  led  the  regiment,  inspiring  the  men 
with  an  enthusiasm  gleaned  from  his  own  enthusiastic  and 
generous  nature.  The  losses  of  the  regiment  in  this  engagement 
amounted  to  five  killed  and  eleven  wounded,  and  the  capture  of 
Major  Rivers,  who  regardless  of  all  danger,  had  gone  ahead  of 
the  regiment  on  a  reconnoissance.  At  the  battle  of  Malvern 
Hill  on  the  1st  of  J'uly,  Lieutenant  Colonel  Manning,  though 
feeble  and  almost  exhausted,  again  led  the  regiment.  The  battle 
was  nearly  over  when  the  Forty-ninth'  became  engaged ;  but  it 
nevertheless  sustained  a  loss  of  two  killed  and  five  wounded.  In 
this  series  of  engagements  the  regiment  fought  with  a  coolness 
and  bravery  second  to  none  in  the  service  of  the  Confederate 
States,  showing  a  determination  to  sacrifice  their  lives  if  neces- 
sary, in  the  achievement  of  our  independence. 

General  Anderson  having  been  wounded  at  the  battle  of 
Fraser's  Farm,  the  command  of  the  brigade,  composed  of  the 
Fourteenth,  Thirty-fifth,  Forty-fifth  and  Forty-ninth  Georgia 
Regiments,  devolved  upon  Colonel  Edward  L.  Thomas,  of  the 
Thirty-fifth.  For  gallantry  in  the  battle  of  Cold  Harbor,  Private 
"VV.  J.  Williams  of  Company  B,  was  promoted  to  the  First 
Lieutenancy  of  that  Company,  that  position  having  become  vacant 
by  the  promotion  of  Lieutenant  Wilcox  to  the  captaincy.  While 
the  regiment  was  recuperating  after  the  close  of  this  campaign, 
a  number  of  ofiicers  tendered  their  resignations,  which  in  all 
cases  were  accepted.  Among  the  number  was  Surgeon  J.  J. 
Humphries,  which  position  was  soon  thereafter  filled  by  the 


FORTY-NINTH   GEORGIA  REGIMENT.  129 

assignment  of  Surgeon  J.  J.  Dement,  formerly  of  tlie  Twenty- 
seventh  Alabama  Regiment. 

About  the  latter  part  of  July,  1862,  the  •war  notes  80unde<l 
once  more,  arousing  the  army  for  active  preparations.  On  the 
29th  of  that  month  the  regiment  received  marching  orders  for, 
and  on  the  1st  day  of  August  arrived  at  Gordonsville.  The 
Second  Army  Corps  having  at  that  time  been  organiz/cd,  it  was 
the  good  fortune  of  Hill's  Light  Division  to  be  assigned  to  it. 
Already  had  the  fame  of  that  glorious  chieftain,  Stonewall 
Jackson,  spread  over  two  continents,  and  it  was  rightly  esteemed 
by  this  regiment  a  glorious  privilege  to  fight  under  his  banners. 
The  stillness  of  the  beautiful  morning  of  the  9th  of  August, 
was  rudely  broken  by  the  sharp  rattle  of  musketry  on  the  Rapid 
Ann.  Soon  the  army  was  in  motion,  and  at  three  o'clock,  P.  M. 
encountered  the  enemy  on  Slaughter  Mountain,  at  Cedar  Run. 
This  regiment  was  assigned  a  position  on  a  range  of  hills,  from 
which  a  favorable  view  of  the  enemy's  position  was  obtained  ; 
and  well  did  the  Forty-ninth  use  the  advantage  thus  obtained. 
An  almost  uninterrupted  volley  of  musketry  was  poured  int9 
the  enemy's  ranks  until  the  amniunition  was  exhausted.  Eagerly 
did  the  men  grasp  the  proffered  cartouch  boxes,  which  some  of 
the  officers  took  from  the  killed  and  wounded,  nor  did  the 
regiment  move  from  its  position  until  darkness  had  ended  the 
contest,  .ilthough  for  nearly  an  hour  it  had  stood  with  bayonets 
fixed,  ^d  not  a  single  cartridge  in  their  boxes.  Early  in  the 
action,  Lieutenant  Colonel  Manning,  who  had  nobly  led  the  men 
into  the  fight,  fell  seriously  wounded,  from  the  <'fffcts  of  which 
he  died  on  the  9th  of  September.  Captain  Wilcox  of  Company 
B,  another  gall.mt  officer,  here  fell  mortally  wounded.  The 
names  and  gallant  deeds  of  these  two  officers,  will  ever  live  in 
the  memories  of  their  surviving  comrades.  The  regiment  lost  in 
this  engagement,  sixteen  killed  and  thirty-nine  wounded.  During 
the  engagement  the  Colonel  commanding  the  brigade  found  it 
necessary  to  strengthen  the  extreme  right  of  the  line ;  and  for 
that  purpose  Captain  John  IL  Pate  of  Company  K,  was  detached 
with  two  companies  to  execute  that  movement,  in  which  he 
acquitted  himself  gallantly.  After  the  fall  of  Lieutenant  Colonel 
M.injiing,  in  the  absence  of  Major  Rivers  who  was  still  a  prisoner, 
the  command  of  the  regiment  devolved  upon  Captain  S.  T.  Play«r 
of  Company  A,  who  successfully  conducted  its  operations  until 
the  close  of  the  action. 


ISO  HEROES  AND   MARTYRS  OF   GEORGIA. 

The  return  of  Major  Rivers  from  Fort  Warren  on  the  23d  of 
August,  (he  having  been  exchanged)  was  hailed  with  lively 
satisfiiction  b}'  the  regiment.  Assuming  command  ouce  more, 
he  gallantly  led  it  into  the  second  battle  of  Manassas,  on  the 
29th  and  30th  of  August,  on  which  occasion  the  regiment  bore 
itself  Avith  its  usual  gallantry,  participating  in  the  ever  memorable 
charge  under  the  lead  of  General  Pender,  thereby  aiding  in  the 
achievement  of  a  glorious  victory  over  the  armies  of  the  United 
States,  at  that  time  commanded  by  General  Pope.  In  this  battle 
the  losses  in  the  Forty-ninth  amounted  to  thirteen  killed  and 
fifty-one  wounded. 

While  the  regiment  with  the  others  of  Thomas'  Brigade  were 
moving  cautiously  on  the  Fairfax  turnpike,  on  the  1st  of  Septem- 
ber, heavy  skirmishing  on  the  right  discovered  the  presence  of 
the  enemy.  Near  Chantilly  the  regiment  was  deployed  into  a 
corn  field,  and  were  soon  engaged  in  the  battle  of  Ox  Hill^ 
during  a  severe  storm  of  rain.  The  enemy  kept  up  a  furious 
shelling  of  our  line,  which  continued  until  long  after  dark.  The 
opposing  forces  became  engaged  in  an  almost  hand  to  hand  fight 
at  this  point,  during  which  Major  General  Kearney  of  the  United 
States  Army  was  killed  by  Sergeant  McCrimmon,  of  Company 
B  of  this  regiment,  who  succeeded  in  capturing  his  horse  and 
accoutrements.  The  horse  was  subsequently  sent  to  the  family 
of  General  Kearney,  by  order  of  General  Lee,  In  this  engage- 
ment the  loss  was  three  killed  and  five  wounded.  Among  the 
latter  was  Major  Rivers,  who  was  so  severely  wounded  that 
amputation  of  the  right  foot  became  necessary,  disabling  him 
from  further  service  in  the  field.  ■  Once  more  the  command  of 
the  regiment  devolved  upon  Captain  Player,  an  officer  of  ripe 
age  and  extensive  experience  on  several  hard  fought  battle  fields, 
who  led  it  successfully  through  the  engagement  at  Harper's 
Ferry  on  the  15th  of  September,  and  while  there  guarding  the 
vast  stores  captured  at  that  point.  The  loss  sustained  here  was 
six  men  wounded;  fortunately  none  were  killed.  ' 

The  army  having  recrossed  the  Potomac,  the  regiment  was 
furiously  shelled,  and  became  engaged  with  the  enemy  at  Shep- 
herdstown,  losing  one  killed  and  four  Avounded.  At  Bunker  Hill 
and  Berryville  the  regiment  was  encamped,  doing  picket  duty 
at  intervals  on  the  Charlestown  road,  until  the  22d  of  Novem- 
ber, when  the  array  commenced  a  retrograde  movement  in  the 


FORTY-NINTH   GEORGIA    REGIMENT.  181 

direction  of  Fredericksburg.  After  an  uninterrupted  march  of 
twelve  days,  having  crossed  the  Bhie  Ridge  at  Now  Market,  the 
regiment  on  tlie  2d  day  of  December  encamped  five  miles  from 
Fredericksburg.  While  at  Bunker  Hill  vacancies  in  the  regi- 
ment were  tilled  by  promotion  and  election.  The  position  of 
Lieutenant  Colonel  having  become  vacant  by  the  death  of  Lieu- 
tenant Colonel  Manning,  Major  Rivers  was  promoted  to  Lieu- 
tenant Colonel,  and  Captain  Player  to  Major. 

Under  the  command  of  the  latter  the  regiment  went  into  the 
battle  of  Fredericksburg  on  the  13th  of  December,  where  it  fully 
sustained  its  former  reputation  for  dash  and  gallantry,  losing 
twelve  killed  and  forty-seven  wounded.  With  the  battle  of 
■Fredericksburg  ended  the  campaign  of  1862. 

On  the  17th  of  December  the  Forty-ninth  went  into  winter 
quarters  near  Guinea's  Station,  doing  picket  duly  on  the  banks 
of  the  Rappahannock,  and  performing  regular  drills  when  in 
camp. 

During  the  month  of  April,  1863,  notes  of  preparation*for  the 
opening  of  the  spring  campaign  began  to  sound  once  more. 
Baggage  was  sent  to  the  rear  and  all  the  signs  of  the  times  in- 
dicated an  early  clash  of  arms.  On  no  occasion  had  the  health 
of  the  regiment  been  better,  and  the  men  in  the  full  play  of  all 
their  physical  powers  were  ready  and  eager  for  the  fray.  A  lib- 
eral system  of  furloughing  had  been  instituted  during  the  past 
winter,  giving  many  soldiers  the  opportunity  to  visit  home  and 
its  loved  ones,  and  who,  on  returning,  were  iicrvfMl  an<'w  to  fight 
for  all  that  is  dear  to  man. 

Lender  these  favorable  auspices  the  battle  of  Clianoellorsville, 
on  the  3d  of  May,  1863,  was  fought,  where  the  well  appointed, 
and  so  much  boasted  of  "Grand  Army  of  the  Potomac,"  met 
with  a  most  crushing,  overwhelming  defeat  that  had  ever  befal- 
len the  army  of  the  Federal  Government.  In  this  engagement 
the  regiment,  under  the  command  of  Major  Player,  performed 
its  assigned  duties  with  a  precision  and  gallantry  unsurjiassed 
by  any  former  occasion.  The  charge  on  the  enemy's  works 
by  this  regiment  on  the  morning  of  the  3d  of  May,  was  an 
achievement  well  oalrulated  to  elate  the  men  with  a  just  pride. 
The  loss  was  seven  killed  and  forty-one  wounded. 

Returning  from  this  battle  the  regiment  again  encamped  in  a 
lovely  oak  grove,  ^hich  it  had  to  recently  abandoned.     Ilere 


132  HEROES  AND   MARTYBS  OF   GEORGIA. 

again,  as  usual  when  in  camp,  the  regiment  passed  through  the 
usual  routine  of  camp  duties,  such  as  drilling  occasionally  and 
performing  picket  duty  on  the  banks  of  the  Rappahannock,  but 
on  the  whole  enjoying  comparative  repose.  On  the  9th  of  June, 
1863,  a  feint  movement  of  the  enemy  upon  Fredericksburg,  drew 
the  army  once  more  from  its  retirement.  This  regiment  with 
the  others  of  Thomas'  Brigade,  occupied  the  trenches  about  one 
mile  from  Hamilton's  Crossing  until  the  15th  of  June,  when  it 
set  out  on  the  march  into  the  State  of  Pennsylvania,  where 
the  regiment  participated  in  the  battle  of  Gettysburg,  on  the 
1st,  2d  and  3d  of  July,  losing  fourteen  killed  and  fifty-eight 
wounded. 

On  account  of  his  ill  health  Major  Player  was  not  with  the 
regiment  in  this  action,  which  was  commanded  on  the  march  by 
Captain  C.  M.  Jones,  of  Company  H,  and  in  the  battle  by  Cap- 
tain O.  H.  Cooke,  of  Company  F.  The  loss  of  Captain  Jones, 
who  was  killed  while  leading  a  charge  of  the  skirmishers  of  the 
brigade,  which  he  commanded  on  the  evening  of  the  2d  of  July, 
was  deeply  deplored  by  the  entire  regiment.  Pie  was  a  young 
but  gallant  officer,  who  had,  by  his  bravery  and  affiibility,  won 
the  esteem  of  all  whose  privilege  it  was  to  associate  with  him. 
Here  too  Lieutenant  Young,  of  Company  F,  a  faithful  and  meri- 
torious officer  was  killed  while  charging  the  enemy. 

The  resignations  of  Colonel  Lane  and  Lieutenant  Colonel 
Rivers  having  been  accepted,  it  became  necessary  on  the  return 
of  the  regiment  from  Pennsylvania,  to  fill  the^  vacancies  that 
had  occurred  in  it ;  whereupon  the  promotion  of  the  following 
named  officers,  as  well  as  the  corresponding  promotions  in  the  line 
officers,  were  announced : 

Major  S.  T.  Player,  as  Colonel  from  June  9th,  1863. 

Captain  0.  H.  Cooke,  as  Lieutenant  Colonel  from  July  28th,  1863. 

Captain  J.  II.  Pate,  as  Major  from  July  28th,  1863. 

The  regiment  once  more  in  camp,  enjoyed  repose  until  the  9th 
of  October,  when  the  army  set  out  on  the  campaign,  having  for 
its  object  the  driving  of  General  Meade's  army  into  the  entrench- 
ments aratmd  the  City  of  Washington — which  movement  was 
only  partially  successful — and  ended  in  the  occupation  by  the 
army  of  Northern  Virginia  of  the  country  around  Brandy  Sta- 
tion, until  the  9fch  of  November,  when  the  ^regiment  once  more 
returned  to  camp  near  Orange  Court  House. 


FORTY-NINTH   GEORGIA   REGIMENT.  133 

Colonel  Player,  Lieutenant  Colonel  Cooke,  and  Maj[or  Pate, 
having  been  elected  to  represent  tlieir  fellow  citizens  and  soldiers 
in  the  Legislative  branch  of  the  Councils  of  Georgia,  and  had 
left  for  that  State,  the  regiment,  under  the  command  of  Captain 
J.  T.  Jordan,  of  Company  C,  set  out  on  the  27th  of  November 
on  the  campaign  which  terminated  at  Mine  Run.  The  enemy 
having  be«n  confronted  by  General  Lee's  array  for  five  days,  did 
not  venture  to  attack  it,  and  recrossed  the  Kapidan.  During 
the  five  days  the  weather  was  so  intensely  cold  that  it  was  found 
necessary  to  relieve  the  pickets  and  skirmishers  every  half  hour, 
to  prevent  them  from  freezing  on  their  posts.  On  this  occasion 
the  men  bore  their  hardships  with  the  fortitude  which  had 
always  characterized  them.     The  loss  was  one  man  killed. 

On  the  loth  of  December,  while  preparing  winter  quarters, 
this  regiment  with  the  balance  of  General  Thomas'  Brigade,  were 
ordered  to  report  to  Major  General  Jubal  A.  Early,  who  with 
other  forces  that  were  assigned  to  him,  set  out  upon  a  campain-n 
into  the  Shenandoah  Valley,  having  in  the  meantime  made  an 
unsuccessful  attempt  to  intercept  the  raid  of  Averill,  near 
Millboro. 

While  on  this  expedition  the  regiment  aided  in  driving  the 
enemy  from  his  well  fortified*  position  near  Moorfield,  Hardy 
County,  in  spite  of  the  inclemency  of  the  weather  which  it  bore 
with  its  wonted  cheerfulness. 

•  On  the  6th  of  March,  1864,  the  regiment  arrived  at  Orange 
Court  House,  and  went  into  camps  again,  building  chimneys  to 
the  tents,  and  making  itself  otherwise  as  comfortable  as  the 
nature  of  the  situation  would  admit  of 

A  very  liberal  system  of  furloughing  having  a^ain  been  inau- 
gurated, many  of  the  oflScers  and  men  had  the  delightful  ]»rivi- 
Icge  of  visiting  "those  they  loved  so  well." 

Lieutenant  Colonel  Cooke  and  Major  Pate  having  rivalled 
themselves  of  the  privilege  attached  to  their  positions  as  Sena- 
tor and  Representative  in  the  Legislature  of  Georgia,  resigned 
their  commissions.  Colonel  Player  having  failed  to  obtain  a 
leave  of  absence,  to  attend  an  extra  Bession  of  the  Georgia  Gen- 
eral Assembly,  felt  it  due  to  his  constituents  to  tender  hif^  resig- 
nation as  Colonel,  which  was  accepted  on  the  24th  of  March 
1864,  In  consequence  of  these  resignations,  the  following  pro- 
motions were  announced,  as  well  as  ihe  corresponding  promo- 
tions in  the  line : 


134  HEROES  AND   MARTYKS  OF  GEORGIA. 

Captain  J.  T.  Jordan,  Colonel,  to  date  from  24th  March,  1864. 

Captain  W.  J,  "Williams,  Lieutenant  Colonel,  to  date  from  March  24th,  1864. 

Captain  John  A.  Durham,  Major,  to  date  from  March  24th,  1864. 

Under  command  of  Colonel  Jordan  the  regiment,  with  greatly 
diminished  numbers,  entered  into  its  third  yeai^'s^iCampaign,  which 
opened  with  the  battle  of  the  Wilderness,  on  the  5th  and  6th  of 
May,  1864,  where  against  tremendous  odds  the  regimeift  repulsed, 
with  its  usual  stubbornness,  the  repeated  assaults  of  the  enemy. 
On  the  morning  of  the  6tli,  it  had  to  vacate  the  position  which 
had  been  assigned  to  it  during  the  previous  night,  owing  to  the 
fact,  that  in  the  sudden  onslaught  of  the  enemy  in  such  over- 
whelming force  the  regiment  found  itself  almost  entirely  sur- 
rounded.* 

Having  extricated  itself  from  this  dangerous  position,  it  soon 
rallied  again  on  the  Orange  and  Fredericksburg  plank  road,  and 
formed  on  the  other  regiments  of  the  brigade,  who  had  been 
similarly  assaulted,  and  who  had  received  a  similar  repulse.  In 
this  engagement  the  regiment  lost  twenty-three  killed  and  sixty- 
eight  wounded. 

The  movement  of  the  enemy  by  the  left  flank,  and  the  corres- 
ponding movements  of  General  Lee's  army,  are  familiar  to  every 
reader  of  the  events  of  the  day.  *  On  the  12th  of  May,  in  the 
battle  of  Spottsylvania  Court  House,  the  regiment  lost  four 
killed  and  eighteen  wounded,  and  at  Jericho  Ford,  on  the  23d, 
two  killed  and  eleven  wounded.  Here  Major  Durham,  whilfi 
rallying  a  portion  of  the  regiment  which  had  unaccountably 
given  way,  fell  mortally  wounded.  He  was  a  gallant  soldier,  a 
faithful  officer,  he  knew  no  fear  on  the  field  of  battle.  He  died 
much  lamented  on  the  11th  of  June.  In  the  skirmish  at  Nance's 
Shop,  June  23d,  the  regiment  lost  two  killed  and  one  wounded. 

In  the  siege  of  Petersburg  the  regiment  has  occupied  several 
positions  upon  its  defensive,  lines.  Captain  James  B.  Duggan 
was  promoted  to  Major  to  fill  the  vacancy  occasioned  by  the 
death  of  Major  Durham,  on  the  11th  of  June. 

Since  his  promotion  Colonel  Jordan  has  acquitted  himself  cred- 
itably, and  to  the  complete  satisfaction  ot  his  superior  officers, 
and  in  such  a  manner  as  to  acquire  the  respect  and  esteem  of  his 
subordinates.     On  >  all  occasions,  and   with  but  few  exceptions, 

*For  more  full  particulars  of  this  affair,  see  history  of  Thomas'  Brigade  in 
the  preceding  chapter. 


FORTY-NINTH    GEORGIA  REGIMENT.  185 

both  officers  and  men  have  vied  with  cacli  other  in  the  faithful 
performance  of  the  duties  assigned  to  them ;  nor  did  they  shrink 
from  01'  shirk  these  duties,  however  arduous  or  perilous  they 
raiglit  liave  been. 

While  the  loss  of  the  gallant  men  of  this  regiment,  who  have 
given  their  lives  in  the  cause  of  their  country,  is  severely  felt  and 
long  mourned,  it  is  the  unalterable  determination  of  their  sur- 
viving comrades  never  to  relinquish  the  struggle  until  the  flags 
of  all  nations  lower  in  salute  to  the  cross  of  the  Confederacy, 
imtil  our  independence  we  have  so  bravely  and  nobly  won  is 
recognized,  and  our  beloved  country  takes  her  place  among  the 
nations  of  the  earth. 

Among  the  many  heroes  whose  names  stand  high  on  the  roll  of  fame,  from 
old  Georgia,  the  gallant,  daring,  desperate  deeds  of  courage  of  Lieutenant  John 
B.  Rohertx,  scout  for  Wilcox's  Division,  bears  second  rank  to  none,  and  he  has 
gained  for  himself  a  name  which  will  long  be  prominent  in  the  Empire  State 
of  the  South.  lie  has  frequently  penetrated  to  the  very  heart  of  the  Yankee 
camp,  and  returned  in  safety  bearing  information  of  the  greatest  value.  lie 
has  taken  prisoners  in  their  line»and  undergoing  great  personal  risk,  brought 
them  triumphantly  into  camp.  He  has  also  seized  videttes  upon  their  posts 
and  marched  them  into  our  lines.  His  courage  is  not  the  result  of  impulse, 
but  of  that  cool  and  deliberate  character  wliich  renders  him  a  dangerous 
enemy. 

Sui'geon  J.  J.  Dement  and  Chaplain  J.  J.  Uyman  have  rendered  services 
which  deserve  more  than  a  passing  notice,  but  I  am  unfortunately  compelled 
to  adhere  to  the  rule  laid  down  at  the  close  of  the  history  of  the  Sixty-fourth 
Georgia  Regiment. 


THIRTY-FIFTH  BEGIMENT 

GEORGIA  VOLUNTEERS. 


STATISTICAL    REPORT. 

STRENGTH    OF    REGIMENT. 

Numbci"  of  men  originally  enlisted, 740 

"  "        recruited  and  (ionscribed, 535 

Total  strength, 1275 

LOSSES    IN  EACH  ENGAGEMENT 

Place.  Killed^     Wownded. 

Seven  Pines, 23  50 

Mechanicsville, 18  61 

Other  battles  around  Richmond, 3  .  13 

Cedar  Run 9  17 

Manassas  No.  2, 18  55 

Ox  Hill, 1 

Harper's  Ferry,         . 4 

Shepherdstown, 9 

Fredericksburg, 14  41 

Chancellorsville,        .........  8  27 

Gettysburg, 9  63 

Mine  Rim, 2 

Wilderness, 4  22 

Spottsylvania, '    .         .  10  37 

Jericho  Ford,    . 10  28 

Hames'  Shop, ^     a       ^ 

Near  Petersburg,       . ▼       3 

Total  casualties,       .         .         .         .         .         .128  429 

Total  loss  of  the  regiment  from  deaths  on  the  field  of  battle,  and  from 
wounds  and  disease,  discharges,  transfers  and  desertions  six  hundred  and 
sixty  (660.) 

The  Thirty-fifth  Georgia  Regiment  (Infantry)  was  composed 
of  the  following  companies : 

Company  A,  Captain  "W.  J.  Head,  from  Haralson  County. 

Company  B,  Captain  .J.  M.  White,  from  Newton  County. 

Company  C,  Captain  D.  B.  Henry,  fi-om  Campbell  County. 

Company  D,  Captain  L.  A.  J.  Williams,  from  Troup  and  Head  Counties. 

Company  E,  Captain  E.  R.  Whitley,  from  Campbell  County. 

Company  F,  Captain  R.  M.  Rawlins,  from  Gwinnett  County. 

Company  G,  Captain  W.  S.  Barrett,  from  Walton  County. 

Company  H/  Captain  A.  R.  Richardson,  from  Gwinnett  and  HaU  Countiea, 

Company  I,  Captain  W.  L.  Groves,  from  Chattooga  County. 

Company  K,  Captain  W.  H.'McCulloh,  from  Harris  Cofunty. 


THIRTY-FIFTH    GEORGIA   REGIMENT.       ^  137 

It  was  organized  in  Richmond,  Virginia,  November  1st,  1861,  with  E.  L. 
Thomas,  Colonel ;  G.  A.  Bull,  Lieutenant  Colonel ;  B.  W,  Holt,  Major ;  J.  H. 
Ware,  Company  K,  Adjutant;  Dr.  J.  P.  Hambleton,  Surg'con  ;  Dr.  P.  E.  L. 
Jennings,  Assistant  Surgeon  ;  Captain  L.  P.  Thomas,  Quartermaster;  Captain 
V.  L.  Hopson,  Commissary  Subsistence;  Rev.  G.  W.  Yarborough,  Chaplain 
Numbering  in  the  aggregate  fortj'-eight  (48)  officers  and  six  hundred  and 
ninety-two  (692)  enlisted  men. 

Upon  the  completion  of  its  organization,  the  regiment  was 
assigned  to  the  command  of  Brigadier  General  French,  and  sta- 
tioned at  Evans'  Port,  Virginia,  and  at  that  point  remained  sup- 
porting the  river  batteries,  until  early  in  March,  1862.  It  fol- 
lowed the  Army  of  the  Potomac  to  tlio  line  of  the  Rappahan- 
nock, and  was  stationed  near  Fredericksburg,  Virginia.  Here 
Brigadier  General  J.  J.  Pettigrew  was  assigned  to  the  command 
of  the  brigade.to  which  this  regiment  was  attached. 

The  Thirty-fifth  participated  in  the  remove  to  the  Peninsula, 
and  formed  a  part  of  the  reserve  troops,  commanded  by  Major 
General  G.  W.  Smith,  which  brought  up  the  rear  in%he  famous 
retreat  from  Yorktown.  The  regiment  commanded  by  Colonel 
E.  L.  Thomas,  was  first  engaged  in  action  at  Seven  Pines,  on 
the  30th  May,  1862,  being  a  portion  of  the  for«e  which  attacked 
the  right  of  the  enemy,  and  retired  at  the  termination  of  the 
engagement  with  a  loss  of  twenty-three  killed  .and  fifty  wounded. 
Among  the  nnnil»er  of  the  .slain  we  had  to  mourn  our  gallant  Lieu- 
tenant Colonel  G.  A.  Bull.  At  Mechanicsville  the  Thirty-fifth 
formed  a  part  of  Brigadier  General  Anderson's  force,  and  com- 
manded by  Colonel  Thomas  accompanied  that  brigade  in  its 
charge  on  the  enemy's  position  near  Mechanicsville,  on  the  26th 
of  June,  1862,  maintaining  the  unequal  conflict  until  night,  and 
sustaining  a  loss  of  eighteen  killed  and  sixty-one  wounded.  In 
the  list  of  killed  was  the  Adjutant,  J.  II.  W.are,  and  among  the 
wounded  were  Colonel  Thomas,  and  Captain  L.  P.  Thomas,  the 
Regimental  Quartermaster.  In  the  other  engagements  around 
Richmond,  it  accompanied  A.  P.  Hill's  light  Division  and  per- 
formed the  part  required  of  it  with  luuior  to  itself,  being  cora- 
m.anded  by  Captiin  Groves,  of  Company  I.  The  casualties  in 
the.te  suocesnive  actions  amounted  to  three  killed  and  thirteen 
wounded.  In  the  latter  part  of  July  the  Light  Division  ww 
transferred  to  Jackson's  command,  and  as  the  engagement  of 
Cedar  Kun,  fought  August  flth,  1H62,  was  the  next  of  (hat  noble 
chieftains  victories,  this  regiment  commanded  by  Major  Holt, 


1S8  HEROES  AND   MARTYRS  OF  GEORGIA. 

was  there,  being  on  the  extreme  right  of  the  line.  This  was  the 
first  field  fight  in  whiich  the  Thirty-fifth  Georgia  had  been  engaged, 
and  nobly  did  it  perform  its  duty,  assisting  to  repel  every 
'attempt  of  the  enemy  to  turn  our  right  flanlc..  This  signal  vic- 
tory elated  the  spirits  of  the  men  beyond  measure.  The  casual- 
ties of  the  regiment  in  this  engagement  amounted  to  nine  killed 
and  seventeen  wounded. 

In  Jackson's  famous  campaign,  succeeding  tliis  battle,  Thomas' 
Brigade  participated  and  the  Thirty-fifth  accompanied  the  brig- 
ade in  its,  march  to  Manassas,  witnessed  the  destruction  of  the 
trains  captured  there  by  General  Stuart,  marched  to  Centreville, 
retraced  its  steps  to  Manassas,  and  was  there  formed  in  line  of 
battle,  supporting  General  E well's  Division  in  the  action  of 
Thursday,  August  31st,  1862.  On  the  29th  it  occupied  a  position 
on  the  railroad  and  sustained  the  assault  of  the  enemy  in  fi'ont, 
until  late  in  the  evening  when  the  enemy  broke  through  a  gap  in 
the  line,  therebv  flanking  and  forcing  the  brigade  back  a  short 
distance.  The  greater  portion  of  the  regiment  soon  rallied,  and 
accompanied  Pender  in  his  splendid  charge  on  that  day.  On  the 
ensuing  day  the  regiment  was  again  on  the  line  of  battle,  and 
advanced  with  it  on  the  enemy  driving  them  from  the  field.  The 
loss  sustained  in  these  three  days  engagements  amounted  to 
eighteen  killed  and  fifty-five  wounded. 

At  Ox  Hill  one  man  was  wounded  during  that  engagement, 
although  the  regiment  was  not  actively  engaged  yet  exposed  to 
a  severe  fire.  Likewise  at  Harper's  Ferry  the  loss  was  slight, 
being  four  wounded  while  it  supported  Pender,  and  entered  the 
town  with  his  brigade  immediately  on  its  surrender.  Here  the 
regiment  remained  three  days  to  prevent  incursions  of  the  enemy, 
and  guarding  the  vast  quantity  of  military  stores  captured  there, 
until  they  were  removed ;  hence  it  did  not  recross  into  Maryland 
again,  but  was  at  Shepherdstown  covering  the  crossing  of  our 
army  at  that  place,  and  lost  in  the  engagement  at  that  point  nine 
wounded.  The  Thirty-fifth  assisted  to  tear  up  the  Baltimore  and 
Ohio  railroad,  near  Harper's  Ferry  in  October,  1862,  and  pick- 
eted at  Summit  Point  and  Snicker's  Gap,  thence  marching  to 
Fredericksburg  and  bearing  a  very  prominent  part  in  that  disas- 
trous repulse  of  the  enemy  on  the  13  th  of  December,  losing  four- 
teen killed  and  forty-one  wounded.  In  all  these  engagements 
from  Richmond  to  Maryland,  and  back  to  the  Rappahannock, 
the  Thirty-fifth  commanded  by  Major  Holt,  excepting  on  the  30th 


THIRTY-FIFTH   GEORGIA  REGIMENT,  139 

of  March,  by  Captain  Groves,  performed  its  duty  faithfully,  and 
assisted  to  give  Thomas'  Brigade  the  enviable  reputation  it 
acquired  in  that  campaign. 

Various  clianges  had  been  made  during  the  campaign  among 
the  officers  by  promotions,  deaths  and  resignations.  Colonel 
Thomas  had  fought  his  way  np  to  the  position  of  Brigadier  Gen- 
eral. Major  Holt  was  now  Colonel,  Captain  McCulloh,  of 
Company  K,  Lieutenant  Colonel,  and  Captain  Groves,  Company 
I,  M.ajor.  The  regiment  spent  its  second  winter  in  Virginia  very 
pleasantly,  near  Guinea's  Station,  l^ickct  duty  was  light  and 
the  men  were  accustomed  to  camp  life,  while  high  hopes  of 
going  home  on  a  visit  were  indulged  in,  and  by  many  happily 
realized. 

With  the  disappearance  of  winter  came  the  disappearance  of 
winter  quarters.  Hooker  crossed  the  Rappahannock  and  com- 
menced fortil'ying  within  twelve  miles  of  the  centre  of  the  A'rmy 
of  Northern  Virginia.  Sdch  audacity  must  needs  be  punished, 
which  resulted  in  the  battle  of  Chancellorsville,  May  3d,  1863, 
in  which  action  the  Thirty-fifth  commanded  by  Captain  Duke, 
Company  A,  was  engaged,  charging  the  enemy  from  their  posi- 
tion, driving  them  over  a  mile,  taking  their  breastworks,  and 
capturing  many  prisoners,  with  a  loss  of  eight  killed  and  twenty- 
seven  wounded. 

Lieutenant  General  Jackson's  services  having  been  lost  to  the 
Confederacy  by  his  untimely  death.  Major  General  Hill  was  pro- 
moted, and  M.ajor  General  Pender  was  assigned  to  the  command 
of  the  Light  Division,  now  reduced  to  iour  brigades — Archer's 
and  Fields'  brigades  having  been  withdrawn  from  it. 

A  lull  succeeded  the  storm,  biit  the  waves  arose  again  early  in 
June,  1863,  .It  which  time  Hooker  crossed  a  portion  of  his  com- 
mand on  the  east  bank  of  the  Bappahannock.  Pender's  Divi- 
sion took  position  in  line  of  battle  at  Hamilton's  Crossing,  form- 
ing the  right  of  the  line,  remaining  here  ten  days  awaiting  an 
attack  of  the  enemy,  and  then  began  to  march  to  Pennsylvania. 
The  weather  was  exceedingly  warm,  and  the  three  first  days 
march  the  men  suffered  severely  from  heat,  many  falling  down 
fainting  by  the  road  side.  After  this,  however,  the  men  were 
not  marched  so  far  in  a  day  nor  in  such  haste,  the  beneficial 
tlects  of  which  change  was  very  visible  in  the  Thirty-fifth 
Georgia  thereafter.  Marching  and  camping  were  the  bui*inesR 
of  nearly  every  day,   until    the   vicinity  of   Gettysburg  was 


140  HEROES  AND   MARTYRS   OF   GEORGIA. 

reached.  On  the  morning  of  the  1st  of  July,  1863,  the  Thirty- 
fifth  was  detached  to  guard  a  wagon  train.  It  was  known  a  bat- 
tle was  imminent,  and  it  was  presumed  that  this  regiment  would 
take  no  part  in  it ;  but  after  an  hour's  stay  with  the  wagons  an 
order  was  received  to  join  the  brigade,  which  we  proceeded  to 
do,  running  for  nearly  three  miles  and  getting  into  position,  as 
the  batteries  of  the  enemy  opened  on  that  part  of  the  lines. 
Placed  as  was  the  brigade,  between  the  corps'  of  Ewell  and  Hill 
to  hold  the  centre  and  prevent  the  former  from  being  outflanked 
on  the  right,  and  the  latter  on  the  left,  and  supporting  a  heavy 
battery  the  regiment  had  nothing  to  do  save  dodging  shells  and 
witnessing  the  first  day's  engagement. 

On  the  second  day  the  regiment,  with  the  exception  of  three 
companies,  were  deployed  as  skirmishers,  and  from  the  losses  sus- 
tained showed  that  the  skirmish  fight  in  front  of  Pender's  Divi- 
sion was  the  most  fierce  on  record.  Charge  after  charge  w&s 
made,  and  in  one  assault  the  skirmishers  advanced  within  a  short 
distance  of  the  enemy's  batteries.  The  night  of  the  2d  of  July, 
Thomas'  Brigade  took  a  position  in  a  hollow  between  the  oppo- 
sing lines,  and  on  the  ne"xt  morning  the  greater  part  of  the  regi- 
ment was  again  deployed,  keeping  up  a  line  equal  in  length  to  the 
front  of  two  brigades,  and  continuing  the  action.  When  the 
grand  charge  was  made  some  brigade  in  its  advance  passed  near 
Thomas'  Brigade  and  seemed  disposed  to  stop ;  but  that  it  might 
have  no  excuse  for  halting,  General  Thomas  ordered  his  brigade 
forward.  The  Thirty-fifth  being  near  him  heard  the  command 
and  led  by- Lieutenant  Colonel  McCulloh,  participated  in  that 
ever  memorable  charge  of  Picket  and  Heth.  Night  closed  the 
scene,  and  on  the  5th  of  July  the  regiment  bade  farewell  to 
Pennsylvania,  and  fell  back  to  Hagerstown  and  there  remained 
in  line  of  battle  several  days,  finally  crossing  the  Potomac  with 
the  army  into  Virginia.  The  casualties  in  the  battle  of  Gettys- 
burg amounted  to  nine  killed,  fifty-three  wounded  and  fifty- 
seven  missing.     Total  loss  one  hundred  and  nineteen. 

The  regiment  accompanied  the  biigade  to  Orange  Court  House. 
In  the  advance  to  Bristol  Station  it  experienced  the  same  treat- 
ment as  at  Gettysburg,  respecting  guarding  wagon  trains,  and 
ao-ain  retired  across  the  Rapidan.  When  Meade  crossed  the 
Potomac  and  was  met  at  Mine  Run,  the  regiment  was  there 
though  not  actively  engaged,  often  changing  positions  to  meet 


THIRTY-FIFTH  GEORGIA  REGIMENT.  141 

the  attempts  of  the  enemy  to  turn  our  right.  Only  two  were 
wonnded  liere. 

Winter  quarters  ]>ad  been  erected  for  1863,  and  as  they  were 
about  to  be  occupied,  Avcrill  made  a  descent  upon  the  Virginia 
and  Tennessee  railroad,  and  the  brigade  of  General  Thomas  was 
ordered  to  the  Valley  of  Virginia  to  intercej>t  him.  During  the 
most  severe  part  of  the  winter  the  regiment  proceeded  to  Mill- 
boro ;  but  Averill  having  gone  another  route  and  Boyd  having 
ascended  the  Valley,  making  a  diversion  in  Averill's  favor,  we 
were  countermarched  to  Staunton  and  commenced  the  race  after 
Boyd.  The  regiment  left  camp  near  Staunton  at  three  o'clock, 
A.  M.,  and  traveled  to  Lorey  Springs,  thirty-seven  miles  distant, 
in  a  continuous  march,  reaching  that  place  on  the  evening  of  the 
same  day,  but  Boyd  was  too  quick  for  Early. 

The  most  of  the  winter  was  spent  in  running  up  and  down  the 
Valley  and  feasting  on  the  fat  of  the  land.  A  trip  across  the 
mountains  was  made  to  Moorfield  and  Petersburg;  but  the 
enemy  fled,  leaving  behind  him  his  cattle  and  many  valuable  mil- 
itary stores.  After  the  winter  was  over  the  regiment  enjoyed 
themselves  finely  for  awhile  near  Harrisonburg,  Virginia,  but 
soon  this  "foot  cavalry"  was  ordered  to  rejoin  the  "parent  body,'* 
and  a  five  days  march  found  them  at  Orange  Court  House,  among 
old  and  tried  friends  in  Wilcox's  Division — Major  General  Wil- 
cox having  succeeded  to  the  command  of  the  old  Light  Division 
on  the  demise  of  General  Pender. 

The  only  changes  that  occurred  among  the  commissioned  offi- 
cers d^l^ing  this  winter,  were  the  promotions  of  Captain  Williams 
to  Major.  Captain  Steed  to  the  command  of  Company  C,  Cap- 
tain Mitchell  to  Company  D,  and  Ca])tain  Roberts  to  Com- 
pany H. 

On  the  4th  of  May,  1864,  General  U.  S.  Grant,  then  command- 
ing the  Federal  forces,  commenced  crossing  the  disputed  line,  and 
was  promptly  met  by  the  Army  of  Northern  Virginia  in  tho 
Wilderness.  There  on  the  plank  road  where  Grant  had  massed 
his  troops  on  the  .5th  (jf  May,  Heth  and  Wilcox  sustained  the 
furious  assault  of  the  enemy,  maintaining  their  position  under 
the  heaviest  fire  of  musketry  ever  witnessed  on  this  continent. 
When  night  closed  the  fight  against  such  overwhelming  odds,  oar 
line  was  necessarily  slightly  disarranged,  and  Longstreet  being 
expected  to  relieve  the  line  before  the  break  of  day,  only  the 
cuitomary  vigilance  was  used  during  the  eight.     Fatal  neglect! 


142  HEROES  Am)  MARTYRS  OF  GEORGIA. 

When  morning  dawned,  Thomas'  noble  and  as  yet  invincible 
brigade  was  almost  totally  enveloped  in  the  dense  masses  of 
the  enemy,  who  in  numbers  comparing  to  ours  twenty  to  one, 
were  threatening  ourfront,  flank  and  rear.  For  awhile  we  stood 
unshaken,  but  while  attempting  to  execute  under  a  fearfully  gal- 
ling fire,  the  manoeuvre  of  "into  line  faced  to  the  rear,"  the  regi- 
ment fell  back  to  its  supports  in  confusion,  and  were  not  rallied 
until  supports  were  brought  up.  The  losses  of  the  regiment  in 
the  two  days  engagements  amounted  to  four  killed,  twenty-two 
"wounded  and  twenty-three  missing. 

Again  at  Spottsylvania  on  the  12th  of  May,  the  regiment  par- 
ticipated in  retaking  the  works  lost  by  Johnson's  Division,  sup- 
porting Gordon's  Brigade  in  its  charge  across  the  breastworks, 
and  losing  ten  killed,  thirty-seven  wounded  and  fifteen  missing. 
Major  Williams  was  here  mortally  wounded,  and  died  on  the 
18th  of  May. 

At  Jeribho  Ford,  having  been  sent  in  to  gobble  up  a  handful 
of  cavalry,  it  found  itself,  after  advancing  one-fourth  of  a  mile, 
fronting  Warren's  entire  corps  of  Yankees,  whose  rear  Avas  pro- 
tected by  twenty  or  thirty  pieces  of  artillerj%  on  the  heights 
across  the  river,  and  which  vomited  innumerable  shell  and  can- 
ister among  the  devoted  band  of  Southerners  there  present.  The 
division  being  unable  to  capture  the  entire  corps,  withdrew  after 
night,  with  a  loss  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Georgia  of  ten  killed,  twen- 
ty-eight wounded  and  twenty-one  missing. 

At  Hames'  Shop,  June  14th,  some  more  cavalry  were  to  be 
driven  back,  which  was  successfully  done  after  a  severe  skirmish 
fight,  in  which  the  Thirty-fifth  lost  two  killed  and  six  wounded. 

Grant  having  crossed  the  James,  the  regiment,  after  a  severe 
march  reached  Petersburg  and  took  position  on  the  Weldon  rail- 
road. A  reconnoisance  in  force  was  made  on  the  21st  of  June 
in  front  of  our  position,  which  succeeded  in  driving  the  enemy  to 
his  breastworks,  and  on  the  succeeding  day  Thomas'  Brigade 
aided,  by  a  detour  to  the  rear  of  the  enemy,  in  withdrawing  him 
from  his  position,  and  afterwards  supported  the  attacking  column, 
on  the  enemy's  flank,  by  which  position  his  guns  and  many  of 
his  men  were  captured.  The  loss  in  the  Thirty-fifth  was  three 
wounded  and  three  missing. 

On  the  line  of  battle,  commanded  by  Lieutenant  Colonel 
McCuUoh,  the  regiment  still  remains  fronting  the  foes  of  our 
country  with  undiminished  ardor,  undimmed  patriotism,  and  un- 


THIRTY-FIFTH   GEORGIA   REGIMENT.  143 

abated  zej^l,  ever  ready  to  spring  to  arms  and  strike  another  and 
another  blow  for  the  inalienable  right  of  self  government.  We 
are  quietly  reposing  in  our  comfortless  quarters,  but  whoever 
ventures  to  disturb  our  repose  will  bitterly  repent  it,  forno  leth- 
argic sleep  is  upon  us,  and  we  are  ready,  willing  and  anxious  to 
again  try  the  issue  by  the  strength  of  arms,  and  thus  end  the 
strife. 

The  losses  of  the  regiment  will  be  found  at  the  head  of  this 
chapter,  but  if  to  that  list  were  added  those  who  are  disabled  by 
wounds,  but  not  discharged,  and  the  number  now  missing,  the 
total  loss  would  approximate  two-thirds  of'all  who  have  ever 
belonged  to  it. 

So  closes  the  drama  of  the  actions  of  the  Thirty-fifth  Georgia 
regiment,  and  here  let  the  curtain  fall  until  a  new  scene  shall  be 
presented,  in  which  the.  few  of  this  regiment  now  fit  for  duty 
will  be  prominent  actors,  and  we  doubt  not  that  each  member 
will  perform  his  part  as  faithfully  as  in  the  past,  so  that  the  reg- 
imental pride  shall  not  be  lowered,  or  that  the  laurels  it  has 
gained  upon  seventeen  gory  fields  be  removed  from  its  banners. 
The  narrow  limits  allowed  prevent  a  notice  of  all  the  promotions 
among  the  officers,  and  the  changes  wrought  by  death  and 
wounds,  nor  has  it  been  possible  to  note  the  many  instances  of 
gallantry  discharged  by  different  members  of  this  command. 
While  they  are  unwritten  they  are  not  unknown,  and  it  is  con- 
fidently hoped  that  a  record  of  their  achievements  will  be  pub- 
lished, so  that  posterity  yet  unborn  shall  delight  to  dwell  upon 
the  deeds  of  valor  and  heroism  performed  by  those  who  sacri- 
ficed for  home  all  its  endearments,  and  for  freedom  that  which 
man  may  take  but  cannot  give. 


FOURTEENTH  REGIMENT 

GEOEGIA  VOLUNTEEES. 


STATISTICAL    RECORD. 


STRENGTH    OF  REGIMENT. 


Number  of  men  originally  enlisted, 769 

"     "    recruits, .        .         328 

Total  strength,        .        .        .        .        .         ,         ,       1097 

LOSSES    BY    DEATH. 

KUled  in  action, 138 

Died  of  disease, .        212 

Number  of  deaths, 350 

LOSSES   OTHERWISE    THAN    BY    DEATH. 

Discharged, 178 

Wounded, 436 

Total  of  all  losses,    .        .         .        .        .         .        .         954 

The  Fourteenth  Georgia  Regiment  was  organized  in  the  city 
of  Atlanta,  Georgia,  on  the  I7th  of  July,  1861,  to  serve  three 
years  or  during  the  war ;  and  was  composed  of  the  following 
companies  : 

Company  A,  from  Monroe  County,  Captain  John  H.  Etheridge. 

Company  B,  from  Wilkinson  County,  Captain  Robert  W.  Folsom. 

Company  C,  from  Jasper  County,  Captain  C.  W.  Jordon. 

Company  D,  from  Cherokee  Coimty,  Captain  James  M.  Fielder. 

Company  E,  from  Forsyth  County,  Captain  R.  P.  Lester. 

Company  F,  from  Johnson  County,  Captain  R.  P.  Harmon. 

Company  G,  from  Worth  County,  Captain  William  A.  Harris, 

Company  H,  from  Lawrens  County,  Captain  J.  S.  Ramsey. 

Company  I,  from  Butler  County,  Captain  Felix  Price. 

Company  K,  from  Bartow  County,  Captain  Thomas  S.  Jones. 

A.  V.  Brumby,  of  Marietta,  was  elected  Colonel ;  Cajitain  J.  S.  Ramsey 
was  elected  Lieutenant  Colonel;  Captain  Felix  Price  was  elected  Major;  and 
Lieutenant  A.  D.  Hammond,  Company  A,  was  appointed  Adjutant;  Dr.  Young 
was  appointed  Surgeon  ;  W.  J.  Williford,  Quartermaster ;  and  Henry  C.  Kel- 
logg, Commifcsary.  Lieutenant  T.  M,  Yopp  was  elected  Captain  to  fill  the 
vacancy  left  by  promotion  of  Captain  Ramsey,  Lieutenant  Rufus  W.  McMi- 
chael  was  elected  Captain  to  fill  the  vacancy  left  by  promotion  of  Captain 
Price, 


FOURTEENTH  GEORGIA  RESIMEET.         145 

Ox  the  18th  and  19th  of  July  the  regiment  left  Atlanta,  and 
went  by  way  of  Knoxville,  Tennessee,  to  Lynchburg,  Virginia, 
where  it  remained  about  ten  days,  and  was  then  ordered  to 
Staunton.  From  Staunton  we  marched  by  way  of  Monterey  to 
Huntersville,  in  Pocahontas  County,  remained  there  about  three 
weeks  and  moved  to  Marlin  Bottom,  on  the  Green  Brier  river. 
Remaining  but  a  few  days  .at  the  latter  place  we  again  moved, 
going  to  Ed  ray,  a  short  distance  beyond,  and  from  that  place  to 
Tygarts  Valley,  on  the  head  waters  of  the  Elk  river.  Shortly 
after  reaching  this  place  the  enemy,  under  General  Rosecranz, 
moved  down  on  the  Gauly  river,  and  General  Lee  Avithdrew  his 
forces,  the  Fourteenth  Georgia  falling  back  with  the  army  to 
Green  Brier  river. 

General  Loring  in  command  of  the  greater  portion  of  the  army, 
went  down  on  the  Gauly  river,  and  the  remainder  left  at  Mar- 
lin's  Bottom  were  under  the  command  of  General  Donaldson,  of 
Tennessee — an  officer  long  to  be  remembered  for  his  kindness 
and  courtesy.  'This  was  our  first  campaign  remarkable  in  the 
liistory  of  the  regiment  for  the  sickness  and  sutferings  we  en- 
dured. We  were  raw  men,  ignorant  of  camp  life,  unused  to  ex- 
posures of  wet  and  cold,  and  the  fatigues  of  marching.  We 
were  encumbered  with  many  things  useless  to  the  old  soldier, 
and  destitute  of  others  since  learned  to  be  indisjiensablo.  We 
l^ad  to  undergo  the  sickness  always  incident  to  camp  life,  and  the 
season  Avas  an  unusually  wet  one.  Measels  and  mumps  broke  out 
and  quickly  spread  through  every  company.  While  laboring 
under  these  diseases  many  look  cold,  .and  added  to  this,  fever  of 
a  most  malignant  form  made  its  ai)pearance  to  au  alarming  ex-  • 
tent.  The  medical  department  was  unorganized,  the  su]»ply  of 
medicine  wholly  inadequate,  and  the  accommodations  for  the 
sick  of  the  very  poorest  kind.  The  consequence  was  disease  and 
death  were  spread  out  on  every  hand.  We  left  Lynchburg  in 
the  latter  part  of  July,  seven  hun<lred  and  seventy  strong,  and 
of  this  number  but  one  hundred  and  twenty  reported  for  duty. 
Among  the  officers  who  died,  were  Dr.  Young  and  LieutenantH 
Birge,  Hunt  and  Weeks. 

During  this  campaign  Lieutenant  Colonel  liamsey  resigned, 
and  Captain  Folsom  was  elected  to  fill  the  vacancy.  Lieutenant 
C.  C.  Kelly  was  elected  Captain  ;  Second  Lieutenaut  W.  J.  Solo- 
moi^was  elected  First,  and  John  McArthur,  Brevet  Second  Lieu- 
tenant; First  Lieutenant  Haupt  resigned  and  Lieutenant  Mays 

S 


146        HEROES  AND  MARTYRS  OF  GEORGIA. 

elected  to  fill  his  place,  and  Jeff  Hogan  elected  Brevet  Second 
Lieutenant ;  Lieutenant  "Ward  resigned  and  J.  O.  Lane  filled  the 
vacancy.  The  death  of  Lieutenant  Hunt  leaving  a  vacancy,  it 
was  filled  by  Lieutenant  McConnel,  and  Lieutenant  Abbott  and 
W.  D.  Putnam  promoted.  Lieutenant  Seal  resigned  and  W.  H, 
Paxton  was  elected  Brevet  Second  Lieutenant.  Lieutenant  Kent 
resigned  and  J.  W.  Crawford  filled  his  place  by  election.  Lieu- 
tenant Geddeon  resigned  and  Lieutenant  Weeks  died,  thfeir 
places  were  filled  by  the  election  of  Terrell  T.  Manger  and  John 
R.  Bozeraan.  Lieutenants  Bowe,  Hall  and  Duffy  resigned  and 
P.  W.  Douglas,  D.  W.  Patterson  and  John  V.  Dayis  were  elected. 
Captain  Jones  and  Lieutenant  Fields  resigned,  and  Lieutenant 
Birge  died,  Lieutenant  Goldsmith  was  elected  Captain  and  R.  A. 
Holt,  James  Jackson  and  T.  C.  Moore  were  elected  Second  Lieu- 
tenants. Thus  in  the  course  of  three  months,  there  were  four 
deaths  a?id  ten  resignations  among  the  commissioned  officers  of 
the  regiment.  The  proportion  of  deaths  and  discharges  among 
the  enlisted  men  were  equally  as  great.  '      '  ♦ 

In  the  latter  part  of  October  the  regiment  marched  to  Mill- 
boro,  on  the  Virginia  Central  railroad,  and  from  there  proceeded 
to  Manassas  Junction,  where  it  joined  the  Army  of  Northern 
Virginia,  under  General  Joseph  E.Johnston.  We  went  into 
camp  on  the  railroad  just  below  the  depot,  and  were  employed 
on  guard  and  fatigue  duty  until  about  Christmas,  when  we  were 
ordered  to  Davis'  Ford  on  the  Ocoquan,  where  we  again  went 
into  camp.  While  at  Manassas  Colonel  Brumby  resigned  his 
commission  and  Major  Price  was  elected  to  fill  the  vacancy, 
Lieutenant  Colonel  Folsom  refusing  to  become  a  candidate. 

Captain  Jordan  resigned  and  Lieutenant  L.  A.  Lane  was  elected 
Captain,  and  W.  J.  Preston,  First  Lieutenant  Acting  Adjutant; 
Lieutenant  Hammock  resigned  and  James  Jordan  was  elected 
Brevet  Second  Lieutenannt  of  Company  A ;  Lieutenant. Chappell 
resigned  and  L.  C.  Perry  was  elected.  Captain  Williford  re- 
signed and  E.  A.  Pleggie  was  appointed  Quartermaster.  Captain 
Kellogg  resigned  and  Captain  R.  P.  Harman  was  detailed  in  his 
place.     A.  Taliferro  was  appointed  Adjutant. 

While  at  Davis'  Ford  the  regiment  M^as  engaged  in  building 
foris  and  digging  rifle  pits.  We  were  here  placed  in  General 
Wade  Hampton's  Brigade,  Whiting's  Division.  At  this  place 
Captain  Harris  was  elected  Major,  to  fill  the  vacancy  occasioned 
by  the  election  of  Major  Price  to  the   Colonelcy.     Lieutenant 


FOURTEENTH   GEORGIA  REGIMENT.  147 

Monger  beonnie  Captain,  and  Robert  F.  Shine  was  elected  First 
Lieutenant;  R.  N.  Ryle  was  elected  Second  Lieutenant  to  fill  tlie 
vacancy  left  by  Lieutenant  Lingo,  who  had  resigned.  Captain 
Harinan  was  relieved  from  duty  as  Commissary  and  Lieutenant 
Moore  was  detailed  for  that  duty.  During  the  whole  of  this 
winter  the  regiment  lived  in  tents.  On  the  7tb  of  March,  1862, 
we  broke  up  camp,  and  with  the  remainder  of  the  division 
marched  to  Fredericksburg,  where  we  remained  enjoying  the 
hospitalities  of  that  ancient  and  once  famous  town  (now  dis- 
poiled  of  its  wealth  and  beauty  by  the  hand  of  a  cruel  enemy,) 
until  the  8th  of  April,  when  we  took  up  the  line  of  march  for 
Yorktown.  AYe  left  Yorktown  on  the  5th  of  May,  and  marched 
to  the  vicinity  of  Richmond.  Our  first  battle  was  that  of  Seven 
Pines.  L^nfortunately  the  regiment  was  put  into  action  late  in 
the  evening,  just  before  the  close  of  that  hard  fought  battle. 
The  position  attacked  by  us  was  an  extremely  strong  one,  and 
the  disparity  in  numbers  was  greatly  in  favor  of  the  enemy, 
much  greater  no  doubt  than  was  supposed  by  the  commanding 
Generals ;  but  our  Brigade  (nampton's)  composed  of  the  F'our- 
teenth  and  Nineteenth  Georgia,  the  Sixteenth  North  Carolina, 
and  Hampton's  Infantry  Battalion,  was  ordered  into  action  uf>on 
this  strongly  fortified  line.  The  first  and  only  order  given  after 
the  formation  of  our  line  of  battle  was  to  charge,  and  the  move- 
ment was  executed  in  fine  style,  until  we  advanced  into  the  woods 
filled  with  a  dense  undergrowth.  Here  the  line  became  brf>ken, 
but  continued  to  adv.ance  until  within  less  than  fifty  paces  of  the 
enemy's  line,  and  immediately  in  front  of  one  of  his  strongest 
batteries.  At  this  moment  the  batteries  of  the  enemy  belched 
forth  their  thunders,  showering  a  perfect  hail  storm  of  canister 
and  grape  into  our  lines,  while  a  withering  fire  of  musketry  was 
poured  upon  us.  An  order  to  lie  down  was  given,  and  it  was 
then  discovered  that  we  were  being  flanked.  Having  no  sup- 
]»orts,  or  they  not  being  up,  the  result  was  that  the  whole  brig- 
ade retreated  in  disorder.  It  was  rallied  and  again  and  again 
led  to  the  assault  with  other  troops,  hut  the  nuiiibors  and  posi- 
tion of  the  enemy  were  too  strong  for  us,  and  although  the  fight- 
ing continued  until  after  dark,  we  failetl  to  force  the  enemy  from 
the  field.  It  was  on  this  part  of  t))e  battle  ground  and  during 
these  ojierations  that  General  Joseph  E.  Johnston  received  his 
wound.  Here  the  regiment  lost  Captain  John  H.  Etheridge. 
Before  the  war  Captain  Etlieridge  was  a  practicing  physician  in 


148  HEROES  AND   MARTYES  OF  GEORGIA. 

Monroe  County.  He  was  a  man  of  fine  personal  appearance, 
engaging  manners,  and  of  high  standing  socially  and  profession- 
ally. As  an  officer  he  was  kind,  conscientious  and  efficient.  His 
company  were  greatly  attached  to  him,  and  his  death  wa,s  uni- 
versally regretted  in  the  regiment.  Lieutenant  Shine  was  also 
killed.  He  was  an  amiable  young  man  and  much  beloved  by  his 
company.  The  regiment  lost  in  all  ten  killed  and  twenty-eight 
wounded. 

Shortly  after  the  battle  of  Seven  Pines,  the  regiment  was 
placed  in  a  brigade  commanded  by  the  gallant  General  Archer, 
but  before  the  battle  of  Mechanicsville  was  fought,  a  Georgia 
Brigade  composed  of  the  Fourteenth,  Thirty-fifth,  Forty»fifth 
and  Forty-ninth  Georgia  Regiments  was  formed,  and  General 
Joseph  R.  Anderson,  of  Richmond,  placed  in  command  of  it. 
The  organization  of  this  brigade  has  remained  unchanged  to  the 
present  time.  It  was  then  attached  to  General  A.  P,  Hill's  Light 
Division,  which  has  subsequently  earned  a  fame  which  will  live 
through  all  time.  The  regiment  participated  in  all  the  "  battles 
around  Richmond,"  beginning  at  Mechanicsville,  and  ending  at 
Malvern  Hill.  It  is  needless  to  say  that  it  acquitted  itself  with 
honor,  never  faltering  in  the  hottest  of  the  many  charges  made 
upon  the  strong  works  of  McClellan.  During  these  engage- 
ments Lieutenant  James  Jordan  was  wounded  and  afterwards 
died  in  Richmond.  Lieutenant  J.  W.  Mays  was  -made  Captain ; 
Lieutenants  Hogan  and  Merrit  were  ])romoted,  and  Hiram  Perdue 
was  made  Lieutenant.  The  loss  of  the  regiment  in  these  battles 
was  twenty-four  killed  and  sixty  wounded. 

The  regiment  had  scarcely  rested  from  its  severe  duties  in  front 
of  Richmond,  when  it  was  again  put  in  motion  and  sent  to  Gor- 
donsville  where  it  joined  the  forces  of  the  lamented  Stonewall, 
under  whom  it  marched  and  fought  up  to  the  time  of  his  un- 
timely death. 

The  next  battle  of  the  regiment  was  Cedar  Run,  in  which 
Lieutenant  Colonel  Robert  W.  Folsom,  greatly  distinguished 
himself.  At  that  time  his  health  was  extremely  feeble.  The  day 
was  an  unusually  hot  one,  and  the  march  had  been  long  and 
fatiguing.  While  the  regiment  were  charging  the  enemy  and 
supporting  a  brigade  in  its  front,  that  brigade  suddenly  gave 
way,  and  retreated  in  great  confusion  through  the  lines  of  the 
Fourteenth.  The  regiment  wavered  and  in  a  moment  would 
hava  been  in  headlong  route;  but  at  the  critical  moment,  when 


FOURTEENTH   GEORGIA  REGIMENT.  149 

nothing  apparently  could  retrieve  the  threatened  disaster,  Lieu- 
tenant Colonel  Folsom  sprang  forward  and  seizing  the  battle- 
grimed  colors  of  the  Fourteenth,  rushed  forward,^and  in  a  voice 
Avhose  intonations  rang  far  over  the  plain,  called  upon  the  Four- 
teenth, "for  the  sake  of  old  Georgia  to  stand!"  The  panic 
ceased,  and  calling  upon  his  gallant  boys  to  "follow  their 
Colonel,"  he  pressed  forward,  but  had  not  proceeded  far  when 
exhausted  nature  gave  way  and  he  fell  prostrate,  overcome  by 
the  heat  and  feebleness.  Raising  himself  and  supported  on 
either  side  by  brave  and  devoted  comrades,  he  again  advanced 
fully  thirty  paces  in  front  of  his  regiment.  His  men  seeing  his 
courage  and  determination,  cauglit  the  inspiration  of  his  sjtirit 
and  rushed  to  his  side.  The  charge  was  continued,  the  enemy 
tied,  and  victory  perched  upon  the  banner  so  nobly,  gallantly 
and  heroically  borne. 

During  this  engagement  the  Fourteenth  charged  and  utterly 
routed  three  times  their  numbers,  and  received  and  re])ulsed  a 
desperate  charge  of  the  enemy's  cavalry ;  and  were  said  by 
General  Hill,  to  have  killed  and  Avounded  as  many  of  the  enemy 
as  their  own  strength  amounted  to,  and  yet,  through  the  protec- 
tion of  an  Allwise  Providence,  their  loss  was  but  one  killed  and 
nine  wounded. 

After  the  battle  of  Cedar  Run,  we  marched  back  to  the  neigh- 
borhood of  Orange  Court  House,  where  Gener.*jl  Jackson  rested 
his  corps  until  the  main  army  under  General  Lee  came  up  from 
Richmond.  We  then  marched  through  Culpepper  county  to 
Jeffersonton.  Here  the  corps  of  General  Jackson  left  the  main 
army  and  commenced  that  brilliant  flank  movement  on  the  enemy, 
then  occupying  a  line  along  the  north  .side  of  the  Rappahannock. 
Bearing  to  the  left,  passing  through  the  villages  of  Orleans  and 
Salem,  by  a  rapid  march  General  Jackson  reached  Manassas 
Junction  and  Bristol  Station,  before  the  enemy  were  aware  that 
he  had  left  the  banks  of  the  Rapjiahannock.  Stonewall  was  tlien 
'lirectly  in  their  rear  and  on  their  line  of  communication,  with 
Alexandria  their  base  of  supplies. 

At  no  period  in  the  history  of  the  war,  has  the  indomitable 
spirit  and  cheerfulness  of  the  soldiers  of  the  army  of  Northern 
Virginia,  under  trying  circumstances,  been  more  forcil)ly  illus- 
trated than  on  the  manjh  to  Bristol  Station.  The  rations  con- 
sisted of  flour  and  fresh  beef  alone.  These  were  generally  issued 
late  at  night,  when  the  troops  were  weary,  foot  sore  and  sleepy. 


150  HEROES  AND   MARTYRS  OF  GEORGIA. 

They  were  to  be  cooked,  divided,  and  in  the  haversacks  before 
day,  and  by  light  the  line  of  march  was  generally  resumed.  In 
consequence  the  rations  were  not  more  than  half  cooked  and 
greatly  wasted.  Being  scanty  at  best,  it  is  easy  to  imagine  that 
the  men  suffered  from  hunger.  The  marches  were  hard  and 
continued  until  late  at  night ; .  many  of  the  men  were  barefoot, 
and  all  were  dirty  and  ragged ;  yet  they  maintained  their  cheer- 
fulness, and  in  the  still  hours  of  the  night,  the  solitude  of  the 
fields  and  forests  were  awakened  by  the  sounds  of  songs  and 
merry  laughter  as  the  troops  marched  on,  following  their  great 
leader. 

At  Manassas  an  immense  quantity  of  stores,  consisting  in  great 
part  of  commissary  supplies  wei-e  captured.  As  it  was  thought 
best  to  destroy  all  the  men  could  not  carry  with  them,  they 
were  allowed  to  help  themselves.  Every  man  in  the  regiment 
filled  his  haversack  with  pickled  beef,  bacon  or  pork,  sugar  and 
coffee,  and  took  whatever  else  pleased  him.  This  was  to  the 
worn  out,  half-starved  men,  a  real  God-send — every  man  felt  that 
he  carried  a  feast.  When  all  was  helped,  what  remained,  to  the 
value  of  millions,  was  burnt. 

Early  next  morning  we  marched  to  Centerville,-  and  from 
thence  to  the  field  of  the  second  battle  of  Manassas.  This  cer- 
tainly was  one  of  the  hardest  fought  battles,  and  most  glorious 
victories  to  the  Confederate  arms,  which  had  then  occurred. 
The  Fourteenth  did  its  full  and  honorable  part  in  this  severe 
and  bloody  battle.  The  ground  in  front  of  its  position  was 
literally  strewn  with  the  blue  coats;  and  it  was  here  called  upon 
to  mourn  the  death  of  some  of  its  bravest  members.  Captain 
Rufus  W.  McMichael  here  lost  his  life.  He  fell  in  the  thickest 
of  the  fight,  nobly  performing  his  part  in  the  securing  of  his 
country's  liberty.  He  was  just  entering  upon  a  life,  to  him,  full 
of  bright  prospects  and  radient  with  buoyant  hopes;  but  fate 
decreed  that  he  shonld  yield  up  all,  and  he  offered  his  all — his 
life — in  obedience  to  the  stern  mandate,  and  his  comrades  in 
arms  were  forced,  in  grief,  to  leave  him  behind.  The  loss  of  the 
regiment  in  this  engagement  was  eight  killed  and  thirty-one 
wounded. 

The  next  engagement  in  which  the  Fourteenth  was  engaged, 
was  that  of  Ox  Hill  or  Chantilly,  from  which  it  marched  by  way 
of  Leesburg  into  Maryland.  After  crossing  the  Potomac  the 
first  meal  eaten  by  this  regiment  consisted  of  green  corn,  roasted. 


FOURTEENTH  GEORGIA  REGIMENT.         151 

This  was  issued  as  the  only  ration  that  could  be  furnished.  The 
next  day  we  marched  to  Monocacy  bridge,  near  Frederick  City, 
Maryland.  "VVe  marched  from  here  (in  a  few  days  after  our 
arrival,)  by  way  of  Middletown  and  Boonsboro',  to  Williams- 
port,  crossed  the  Potomac  and  proceeded  to  Martinsburg,  where 
we  captured  a  quantity  of  military  supplies,  and  from  thence 
marched  to  Harper's  Ferry.  We  here  captured  nearly  thirteen 
thousand  prisoners  and  an  immense  quantity  of  supplies.  Here 
again  we  were  feasted  at  the  expense  of  "Abe's  best  govern- 
ment," <fcc.  The  brigade  was  posted  at  this  place  as  a  guard, 
while  the  battle  of  Sharpsburg  was  being  fought.  Shortly  after- 
wards we  were  engaged  at  Shepherdstown,  and  afterwards  went 
into  camp  near  Bunker  Hill,  where  it  remained  several  months. 

While  at  Bunker  Hill  Lieutenant  Colonel  Folsom  was  pro- 
moted to  Colonel — Colonel  Price  ^ving  resigned.  It  is  due  to 
the  memory  of  Colonel  Folsora  to  state,  that  he  commanded  the 
regiment  in  the  battle  of  Cedar  Run  and  in  all  subsequent 
engagements.  Capt.  Fielder  was  promoted  Major,  to  fill  the 
vacancy  occasioned  by  the  resignation  of  Major  Harris,  on 
account  of  a  wound.  Lieutenant  McConnel  was  promoted 
Captain  ;  Lieutenants  Abbott  and  Putnam,  and  James  L.  Hull, 
were  promoted ;  Robert  H.  Fulton  was  promoted  First  Lieuten- 
ant, and  Jas.  H.  Ford  to  Second,  to  fill  the  vacancies  of  Lieutenant 
Shine  killed  and  Boslick  died.  Lieutenant  Moore  was  commis- 
sioned A.  C.  S.  In  the  latter  part  of  November  the  army 
marched  to  Fredericksburg,  where  the  enemy  were  concentrating 
a  large  army. 

On  the  13th  of  December  the  battle  of  Frt'.loricksburg  was 
fought,  in  which  the  Fourteenth  under  its  gallant  commander 
took  a  nobly  conspicuous  part.  Unprotected  by  breastworks,  it 
repulsed  three  heavy  lines  of  battle.  The  loss  f»f  the  regiment  in 
this  battle  was  severe,  being  twenty-four  killed  and  eighty-eight 
wounded.  Among  the  former  was  Lieutenant  Washington  J. 
Solomon,  a  gallant  and  amiable  young  officer,  whose  loss  was 
deeply  deplored;  also  Lieutenant  Putnam,  a  noble,  clii\alric 
officer.  The  regiment  shortly  after  this  battle,  went  into  winter 
quarters  at  Camp  Grogcr,  about  ten  miles  below  Fredericksburg. 
While  in  winter  quarters  Major  Fielder  was  promoted  to  Lieu- 
tenant Colonel,  aod  Captain   Lester  was  promoted  to  Major.* 

•Owinp  to  want  of  ppnre  I  am  compelled  to  expunge  the  lict  of  promotions 
which  has  been  forwarded  to  me. 


162  HEROES  AND   MARTYKS  OF  GEORGIA. 

During  tlie  preceding  campaign  Lieutenant  Hogan  lost  an  eye 
and  resigned,  and  Lieutenant  Johnson  died. 

In  May,  1863,  the  battle  of  Chancellorsville  was  fought,  from 
which  the  regiment  had  to  mourn  the  loss  of  Lieutenant  Colonel 
Fielder,  Captains  Mounger  and  Harmon,  and  Lieutenant  H.  A. 
Solomon. 

Lieutenant  Colonel  Fielder,  though  over  the  military  age, 
entered  the  service  at  the  beginning  of  the  war,  impelled  by  his 
]ov&  of  country  and  zeal  for  the  cause  of  liberty.  He  possessed, 
in  a  remarkable  degree,  the  confidence,  love  and  esteem  of  the 
regiment — fortitude,  devotion  and  constancy,  characterized  his 
raiilitary  life.  A  kinder,  more  benevolent  heart  never  beat.  All 
his  purposes  were  high,  honorable  and  christianlike.  His  friend- 
ship was  true,  disinterested  imd  constant.  As  a  citizen  at  home, 
he  stood  deservedly  high.  IR  met  his  fate  as  becomes  a  soldier 
and  a  christian,  with  fortitude  and  a  well  grounded  faith  in  the 
merits  and  mercy  of  his  Redeemer."  Long,  long  will  the  sur- 
viving members  of  the  Fourteenth  cherish  in  love  the  memory 
of  his  name. 

Captain  Mounger  was  a  physician  when  the  war  began,  and 
entered  the  service  as  a  private  in  the  Fourth  Georgia  Regiment, 
and  was  afterwards  elected  to  a  position  in  the  Fourteenth.  He 
Avas  a  general  favorite  in  the  regiment,  and  his  company  was 
devotedly  attached  to  him.  He  was  of  a  sanguine  temperament, 
polite  in  his  deportment,  generous  and  social,  being  at  all  times 
a  favorite  with  any  with  whom  he  had  dealings.  His  sensibilities 
were  of  the  highest  and  most  delicate  order.  As  an  officer  he 
was  prompt  and  exact,  but  kind  anrl  ju^  to  those  under  his 
command.  In  action  his  bravery  was  of  that  cool,  lofty,  deter, 
mined,  and  vigorous  order,  which;  inspirefs  the  beholder  with 
admiration  and  enthusiasm.  He  died  as  he  had  lived,  universally 
beloved  by  officers  and  men.  A  little  mound  upon  the  battle 
field  of  Chancellorsville  is  all  that  marks  his  resting  place,  but 
his  comrades  will  ever  cherish  his  memory. 

Lieutenant  Henry  A.  Solomon  entered  the  service  in  the  First 
Georgia  Regiment.  He  afterwards  served  in  the  army  of  the 
west,  and  upon  the  death  of  his  gallant,  noble  hearted  brother, 
(Lieutenant  W.  J.  Solomon,)  whd  fell  at  the  battle  of  Freder- 
icksburg, he  was  elected  to  fill  the  vacancy.  He  was  brave  to 
rashness,  generous  to  a  fault,  kind  and  sympathising  as  a  friend. 
His  brother  was  possessed  of  all  his  good  qualities,  but  his  cour- 


FOURTEENTH  GEORGIA  REGIMENT.  153 

age  was  of  that  stubborn,  unyielding  nature  which  could  with- 
stand defeat,  without  the  depression  usually  consequent  upon 
disaster. 

As  aw  example  of  the  fortitude  of  Captain  Mounger  and 
Lieutenant  H.  A.  Solomon,  it  is  said,  that  they  walked  in  com- 
pany with  each  other  for  three  miles  after  receiving  their  mortal 
wounds.  The  former  shflt  through  and  through  the  bowels ;  the 
latter  shot  clear  through  the  body — the  ball  perforating  in  its 
passage,  both  lungs  and  liver. 

The  regiment  accompanied  the  army  into  Pennsylvania,  and" 
was  engaged  in  the  battle  /)f  Gettysburg ;  sustaining  in  that 
terrific  engagement,  a  loss  of  eleven  (11)  killed  and  thirty-three 
(33)  Avounded.  Subsequently,  we  fell  back  with  the  army  to  the 
neighborhood  of  Bunker  Hill,  and  from  thence  to  Orange  Court 
House,  where  it  arrived  about  the  first  of  August.  Major  Lester 
was  here  promoted  to  Lieutenant  Colonel ;  Captain  Goldsmith 
to  Major,  and  Lieutenant  Holt  to  Captain  of  Company  K. 
Lieutenant  Jackson  having  previously  resigned,  G.^V.  Chapman 
was  elected  in  hie  place. 

In  the  month  of  October  the  regiment  marched  with  its  divi- 
sion to  Bristol  Station,  and  was  at  Mine  Run,  but  was  not 
engaged.  After  this  we  went  into  winter  quarters  near  Orange 
Court  House. 

On  the  15th  of  December,  shortly  after  having  completed 
their  winter  cabins,  the  regiment  was  ordered  to  Staunton,  and 
was  placed  under  the  command  of  General  Early,  commanding 
in  the  Valley.  The  remainder  of  the  winter  of  1863  and  1864, 
was  spent  in  marching  and  countermarching  up  and  dowp  the 
Valley,  as  far  as  New  Town  and  to  Petersburg,  in  Hardy  county. 
The  season  was  intensely  cold,  and  the  command  being  destitute 
of  tents,  were  compelled  to  bivouac  in  the  open  air,  frequently 
on  snow  and  ice.  Lnder  every  hardship  the  men  maintained 
their  usual  cheerfulness.  In  February,  1864,  we  rejoined  the 
main  array  at  Orange  Court  House,  where  w^  remained  until 
the  spring  campaign  opened. 

On  the  5th  of  May  the  Fourteenth  with  other  portions  of  the 
army,  became  engag<?d  with  the  enemy  in  the  battle  of  the  Wil- 
derness, When  the  fight  ceased  at  night  the  line  of  battle  occu- 
pied by  the  Fourteenth  was  very  irregular,  and  during  the  night 
the  enemy  taking  advantage  of  this  irregularity,  so  disposed  their 
lines  as  to  be  able  next  morning  to  attack  our  position  in  front, 

T 


154  HEROES  AND   MARTYRS   OF   GEORGIA. 

flank  and  rear.  Colonel  Folsom  perceived  the  danger  of  his 
position,  and  the  utter  impossibility  of  holding  the  line.  He  did 
all  in  his  power  to  have  the  line  corrected,  but  it  was  not  done. 
During  the  whole  night  the  officers  and  men  of  the  Fourteenth 
felt  that  they  were  doomed  to  a  useless  and  terrible  danger,  and 
that  the  morrow's  sun' would  shine  upon  the  lifeless  bodies  of 
many  of  their  number.  '  Early  the  next  morning  the  shock  fell 
with  terrible  force  upon  the  Fourteenth,  but  it  maintained  its 
position,  fighting  with  the  resolution  of  despQ,;r  the  formidable 
host  which  had  nearly  surrounded  it;  but  slowly  the  overpoAV- 
ering  forces  of  the  euemy  moved  around,  until  we  were  almost 
within  their  clutches,  when  the  order  to  fall  back  was  given,  and 
Colonel  Folsom  attempted  to  carry  out  his  regiment  in  order. 
Before  he  coald  accomplish  his  attempt  a  bali  struck  him,  and 
passing  through  the  upper  part  of  his  stomttch  inflicted  a  mortal 
wound.  He  was  taken  to  the  field  hospital,  where,  after  suffering 
for  thirty-two  hours  his  noble  heart  ceased  to  beat,  and  his  spirit 
winged  its  flight  to  Heaven. 

No  officer  of  equal  rank  in  the  army  of  Northern  Virginia, 
enjoyed  a  more  enviable  reputation  and  position,  than  did  Colonel 
Robert  W.  Folsom  at  his  death.  None  had  better  deserved  that 
reputation  and  position  than  he.  To  bravery  of  the  most  daring 
kind,  he  united  the  calmest,  most  imperturbable  coolness,  and  the 
most  circumspect  caution.  His  judgment  was  solid,  and  always 
matured  from  a  careful  review  of  all  the  surrounding  circum- 
stances; and  he  possessedithe  energy  and  steadfastness  of  char- 
acter to  follow  the  dictates  of  that  judgment.  He  was  emi- 
nently qualified  to  govern  men ;  commanding  their  respect,  and 
binding  them  to  him  at  the  same  time  with  the  chords  of  affec- 
tion. As  a  disciplinarian  he  was  rigid,  but  scrupulously  just. 
In  his  intercourse  with  both  officers  and  men  he  was  courteous 
and  kind.  His  attention  to  the  business  of  the  regiment  was 
unremitting  and  energetic.  His  administrative  abilities  were  of 
the  highest  order.  As  a  messmate  he  was  social,  agreeable, 
liberal  and  instructive.  He  loved  and  venerated  truth,  justice 
and  sincerity.  He  never  exercised  a  petty  tyranny,  or  assumed 
a  false  dignity  on  account  of  position  and  power,  instances  of 
which  are  so  common  and  so  disgusting  in  the  army.  3o  wide* 
spread  was  his  reputation,  that  General  Lee  has  highly  compli- 
mented him  in  an  order  written  with  his  own  hand  and  signed 
by  himself,  and  now  in  possession  of  the  Colonel's  family. 


FOURTEENTH  GEORGIA  REGIMENT.         165 

In  the  fall  of  1863,  a  Military  Lodge  of  Free  and  Accepted 
Masons  was  established  in  this  brigade,  of  which  Colonel  Folsom 
was  the  Worshipful  Master.  He  retained  this  place,  discharging 
its  duties  up. to  the  time  of  his  death.  He  was  a  bright  and 
zealous  Mason,  exemplifying  J;he  great  moral  teachings  of  the 
order  in  his  daily  walk,  and  in  his  death  it  may  be  truly  said,  the 
fraternity  lost  "  a  true  and  worthy  brother."  As  a  professor  of 
religion  he  was  devoted,  sincere  and  consistent,  and  in  the  latter 
part  of  his  life  was  particularly  zealous.  His  religion  was  not  of 
the  sombre  puritanical  caste,  but  bright,  cheerful  and  hopeful. 
At  the  time  of  his  death  he  was  in  the  very  prime  and  vigor  of 
manhood,  being  but  twenty-eight  years  of  age.  His  last  hours 
were  characterized  by  the  most  perfect- submission  to  the  will  of 
God^  and  the  most  confiding  faith  in  hiS/  acceptance  with  his 
Heavenly  Father.  There  did  not  seem  to  be  a  cloud  to  obstruct 
his  vision  ;  but  with  songs  of  praise  and  rejoicing,  the  young  and 
jiromising  hero  entered  the  dark  valley  and  shadow  of  death  with 
the  rod  and  staff  of  his  Redeemer  to  comfort  and  support  him. 

The  regiment  has  participated  in  the  battles  around  Spottsyl- 
vania  Court  House,  also  at  Jericho  Ford,  and  in  several  engage- 
ments, and  has  lost  severely.  Among  the  killed  are  Captains 
S.  B.  David  and  R.  A.  Holt,  and  Lieutenants  Pay:erson  and 
Chapman. 

Lieutenant  Colonel  Lester  has  been  promoted  to  Colonel ; 
Major  Goldsmith  to  Lieutenant  Colonel,  and  Captain  C.  C.  Kelly 
to  JSIajor ;  Lieutenant  Ryles  to  Captain,  also  Lieutenants  Rogers 
^nd  Eaves ;  Lieutenants  McAfee  and  Goldsmith  promoted. 
Captain  Clegg  retired  on  account  of  disability,  and  Lieutenant 
Hicks  promoted  to  Captain;  Lieutenants  McVay  and  Lumley 
promoted.  Captain  Smith  was  retired,  and  Lieutenant  Perry 
promoted  to  Captain  ;  D.  H.  McLendon  to  First  Lieutenant,  and 
J.  W.  Jones  to'Brevet  Second  Lieutenant.  Adjutant  Taliaferro 
was  retired,  and  Captain  T.  C.  Moore,  formerly  Assistant  Com- 
missary of  Subsistence  of  the  regiment  was  appointed  Adjutant. 

Among  the  heroes  of  this  gallant  regiment  I  present  the  name 
of  J.  RuFcs  Kklly,  of  Company  B,  from  Wilkinson  county. 
During  the  engagement  at  Jericho  Ford,  one  of  the  regiments  of 
this  brigade  suddenly  giving  way,  caused  such  confusion  in  the 
Fourteenth  that  it  was  ordered  back,  when  young  Kelly,  but 
eighteen  years  of  age,  seeing  them  falling  bark  in  disorder,  and 
thiuking  it  was  a  panic,  suddenly  rushed  forward  about  thirty 


166  HEROES  AND  MARTYRS   OF  GEORGIA. 

yards  in  front  of  the  regiment,  his  rifle  in  his  left  hand,  his  hat 
swinging  over  his  head  in  the  right,  he  called  upon  the  regiment 
to  sttind;  but  they  heeded  him  not,  and  proudly  refusing  to  fol- 
low the  regiment,  he  joined  another  brigade  as  a  volunteer  and 
\^ent  into  the  fight,  but  had  har«lly  become  engaged  when  he 
received  a  wound  in  his  leg  which  necessitated  immediate  ampu- 
tation. He  little  knew  that  at  the  distance  of  scarce  a  mile,  the 
body  of  his  Colonel  (Folsom)  was  being  borne  to  a 'southern 
grave  ;  that  Colonel,  who,  at  Cedar  Run,  had  set  him  an  exam- 
ple which  at  Jericho  Ford  he  had  so  nobly  followed. 

Henry  and  Solomon  GtOodman,  two  young  German  brothers 
of  Company  B,  deserve  a  special  notice ;  not  only  for  bravery 
and  coolness  when  in  action,  but  for  their  loyalty  to  their  adopted 
country,  under  circumstances  which  would  try  the  loyaUy  of 
almost  any  one  who  have  not  that  devoted  love  of  country  which 
only  birth  can  give.  The  families  of  these  youths  have  cruelly 
deserted  them  and  gone  North,  carrying  with  them  all  the  pro- 
perty left  in  their  keeping  by  these  boys,  and  left  them  to  their 
fate.  Their  coolness  and  courage  is  proverbial  in  the  Fourteenth 
G-eorgia ;  and  although  no  particular  act  of  courage  can  be  spe- 
cified, still  it  is  a  pleasure  to  honor  and  praise  where  honor  and 
praise  are  ^ue. 


EIGHTEENTH  BATTALION 

GEORGIA   VOLUNTEERS. 

(SAVANNAH  VOLUNTEER  GUARDS.) 


STATISTICAL    REPORT. 

Number  of  men  originaHy  enlisted,         ....        279 
Kumbec  of  volunteer  recruits,  (no  conscripts)  .         177 

Total  strength, 456 

LOSSES. 

Number  bf  men  killed  in  action, 8 

Number  of  men  died  of  disease 20 

Total  deaths, *    .  28 

Number  of  men  discharged,     ......  60 

Number  of  men  deserted,         ......  23 

Nimiber  of  men  transferred 48 

Total  loss, 169 

Number  of  men  wounded  in  action,        ....  8 

The  P2ighteenth  Battalion  of  Georgia  Volunteers  is  a  volunteer 
corps  of  the  city  of  Savannah,  and  was  organized  in  the  year 
1802,  and  was  known  as  the  Savannah  Volunteer  Guards. 

When  it  was  deemed  advisable  by  the  Governor  of  Georgia  to 
take  possession  of  Fort  Pulaski,  the  Guards,  then  a  single 
company,  was  a  part  of  the  force  designated  for  that  purpose. 
They  were  commanded  by  Captain  John  Screven.  The  detach- 
ment consisted  V>esides  this  company,  of  the  Oglethorpe  Light 
Infantry,  Captain  V.  S.  Bartow,  and  the  Chatham  Artillery, 
Captain  J.  S.  Claghorn.  All  these  companies  then  belonged  to 
the  First  Volunteer  Regiment,  commanded  by  Colonel  A.  R. 
Lawton,  who  was  in  command  of  the  expedition. 

Fort  Pulaski  continued  to  be  garrisoned  by  the  volunteer 
troops  of  Savannah  until  it  was  turned  over  to  the  Confederate 
goveniment^ — the  different  companies  alternating,  two  or  three 
at  a  time,  in  performing  that  duty.     During  this  interval  the 


158  HEROES  AND   MARTYRS   OF   GEORGIA. 

Guards  organized  a  second  company.  For  a  long-  time  even 
before  a  spark  of  war  appeared,  the  accessions  to  their  ranks 
had  been  so  numerom?,  that  it  became  evident  that  it  would  be 
necessary  to  expand  their  organization.  On  their  second  tour  of 
duty  at  the  Fort,  they  went  with  two  companies  so  large  that 
they  alone  were  considered  suffiifient  for  its  garrison. 

When  it  appeared  that  war  was  inevitable,  and  the  government 
began  to  erect  fortifications  upon  the  coast,  the  volunteer  troops 
of  Savannah  were  called  u\mn  to  enter  the  service  of  the 
Confederacy  for  short  periods  of  time.  The  Guards  were 
enlisted  June  lst»1861,  for  two  months, — Company  A,  Captain 
John  Screven;  Company  B,  Captain  A.  C.  Davenport.  The 
battalion,  under  command  of  Captain  Screven,  was  ordered  on 
duty  at  Thunderbolt  battery,  about  five  miles  from  Savannah, 
where  it  remained  during  the  whole  period  of  its  enlistment. 

The  two  companies  were^,  again  mustered  into  service  for  she 
months  from  September  lst,.1861,  and  ordered  to  duty  at  Forfc 
Screven  on  Green  Island,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Great  Ogechee. 
This  was  a  heavy  battery  of  ten  guns,  including  some  of  the 
greatest  calibre  then  known  in  the  service.  Here  both  officers  and 
men  acquired  a  considerable  degree  of  skill  as  artillerists,  which 
influenced  in  a  very  great  degree  the  character  of  their  subsequent 
service.  At  this  place  the  companies  numbered  over  one  him- 
dred  men  each;  Company  A  was  commanded  by  Lieutenant 
Basinger,  Company  B,  by  Lieutenant  Stiles.  Captain  Screven 
commanded  the  whole.  Long  before  the  expiration  of  this 
period  of  enlistment,  it  had  become  evident  that  the  Confederacy 
had  embarked  in  a  war,  of  which  the  termination  could  not  be 
foreseen.  Both  officers  and  men,  therefore,  determined  to  enlist 
at  once  for  the  war,  whatever  might  be  its  duration  ;  and  they 
did  so  on  March  1st,  1862. 

Up  to  this  time  the  two  companies  had  continued  to  belong  to 
the  First  Volunteer  Regiment  of  Ge'orgia*  above  referred  to ; 
but  it  was  generally  desired  in  the  command  that  it  should 
constitute  an  independent  organization.  The  number  of  men 
disposed  to  enlist  for  the  war  at  this  1;ime,  was  not  sufficient  for 
more  than  three  companies ;  but  the  consent  of  the  Confederate 
authorities  to  receive  these  as  a  battalion  had  been  obtained,  and 

*TMs  regiment  was  formed  before  the  war,  and  composed  entirely  of  volun- 
teer companies  of  Savannali.  It  had  no  connection  whatever  with  the  First 
Georgia  Regiment  whose  history  commences  this  work. 


EIGHTEENTH    GEORGIA    BATTALION.  159 

there  seemed  no  reason  to  doubt  tliat  they  would  increase  in 
size,  so  as  to  permit  the  organization  of  other  companies  from 
time  to  time;  therefore  the  Guards  took  their  place  in  the  line 
of  the  Confederaie  army,  as  a  battalion  commanded  by  Major 
John  Screven. 

The  officers  of  Company  A  were  ('aptain  W.  -S.  Basinger, 
First  Lieutenant  T.  F.  Screven,  Second  Lieutenants  W.  H.  King 
and  F.  Tupper. 

The  officers  of  C'ompany  B  were  Captain  George  W.  Stiles, 
First  Lieutenant  E.  Padelford,  Jr.,  Second  Lieutenants  E.  A. 
Castelaw  and  George  1).  Smith. 

The  officers  of  Company  C  were  Captain  G.  C.  Rice,  First 
Lieutenant  G.  M.  Turner,  Second  Lieutenants  J.  R.  Dillon  and 
E.  lilois. 

It  would  be  unjust  not  to  state  that  the  rank  and  file  were 
largely  recruited  from  several  of  the  counties  on  the  Savannah 
and  Albany,  and  Atlantic  and  Gulf  railroads,  which  furnished 
some  of  the  very  best  soldiers  in  the  battalion.  The  battalion 
did  not  at  this  time  receive  its  number,  but  continued  to  be 
known  for  several  months  by  its  original  name.  It  was  not  until 
December,  1862,  that  it  was  officially  styled  the  Eighteenth 
Georgia  Battalion. 

The  battalion,  having  been  allowed  a  respite  of  thirty  days, 
reassembled  under  orders  on  the  1st  of  April,  1862,  for  its  final 
entrance  upon  service.  Its  first  post  was  at  Fort  Boggs,  which 
guards  the  left  flank  of  the  defences  of  Savannah.  The  armament 
of  this  jtlace  consisted  of  two  mortars,  ten  heavy  guns  and  six 
field  pieces.  The  battalion  rctnained  at  this  post  until  July, 
1863,  that  is,  its  duty  was  at  that  point;  but  so  insalubrious  was 
climate  and  air  during  the  greater  ])art  of  the  summer,  at  this 
locality,  that  it  was  necessary  to  remove  the  troops,  sometimes 
to  the  city  itself,  and  once  to  the  Isle  of  Hope,  about  ten  miles 
from  the  city.  The  summer  of  1862,  the  greater  part  of  which 
was  spent  at  Fort  linggs,  reduced  the  command  greatly.  As 
many  as  one  hundred  and  forty,  out  of  an  aggregate  of  not  more 
than  two  hundred  and  fifty  present,  were  borne  on  the  wick 
report  fi>r  several  days.  The  well  were  only  nominally  no. 
Exhausted  by  agues  and  malarial  fever*  of  every  tyj>e,  they  were 
in  constant  expectation  of  the  recurrence  of  disease.  It  is 
believed  that  but  one  person  in  the  whole  command  escaped 
sickness.     It  was  over  twelve  months  before  the  cflTects  of  this 


160  HEROES.  AND  MARTYRS  OF  GEORGIA. 

summer  could  be  said  to  have  disappeared.  At  different  times 
Lieutenant  Padelford,  a  most  valuable  and  highly  esteemed 
officer,  and  a  number  of  the  best  Hon-commissioned  officers  and 
soldiers  fell  victims. 

May  10th,  1863,  the  services  of  Major  Screven  being  required 
to  conduct  the  Savannah  and  Albany,  and  Atlantic  and  Gulf 
railroads  of  which  he  had  been  several  years  president,  he  resigned 
his  commission,  and  Captain  Basinger  succeeded  to  the  com- 
mand of  the  battalion.  In  Company  A,  Lieutenant  Screven 
became  Captain ;  Second  Lieutenant  King,  First  Lieutenant;  and 
Sergeant  P.  N.  Raynal  was  elected  Junior  Second  Lieutenant. 
In  Company  B,  by  the  death  of  Lieutenant  Padelford  on  June  7th, 
1863,  Lieutenant  Castelaw  became  First  Lieutenant;  and  some 
time  afterwards  Lieutenant  W.  E.  Gue,  previously  a  sergeant  of 
that  company,  was  elected  to  the  junior  commission.  In  June 
of  that  year  Major  Basinger  was  sent  with  his  own  command 
and  Maxwell's  Battery  of  light  artillery,  to  meet  an  expected 
descent  of  the  enemy  on  the  coast  of  Glynn  county,  Georgia. 
After  the  lapse  of  several  weeks,  the  enemy  not  appearing,  the 
command  was  ordered  back  to  Savannah.  At  this  time  the 
battalion  was  attached  to  the  brigade  of  General  W.  B.  Taliaferro. 

On  the  9th  of  July  a  detachment  of  Taliaferro's  Brigade, 
consisting  of  the  Thirty-second  Georgia  Regiment,  Colonel 
Harrison ;  four  companies  of  the  First  Volunteer  Regiment  of 
Georgia,  Colonel  Olmstead ;  the  Twelfth  Georgia  Battalion, 
Lieutenant  Cdlonel  Capers ;  and  the  Eighteenth  Georgia  Bat- 
talion, Major  Basinger,  was  sent  to  Charleston,  South  Carolina, 
in  consequence  of  movements  of  the  enemy  against  Morris 
Island.  They  did  not  arrive  in  time  to  participate  in  the 
misfortunes  of  the  10th  of  July,  when  the  Federals  defeated  our 
troops  on  the  east  end  of  the  island,  and  gained  a  footing  there 
in  force.  It  arrived  at  Battery  Wagner,  however,  about  midnight 
of  that  day,  except  the  Thirty-second  Georgia  Regiment,  which 
had  beeii  left  on  James  Island. 

The  troops  composing  the  detachment  had  hardly  been  posted 
and.  lain  down  to  seek  some  repose,  when  they  were  aroused  to 
meet  the  attack  made  on  the  morning  of  the  11th.  Battery 
Wao'uer  was  constructed  with  a  bastioned  front  toward  the  east. 
The  bastion  on  the  right  was  covered  by  a  piece  of  marsh,  very 
"boggy  and  ovei-flowed  by  every  tide.  An  attack  from  the  front 
must,  therefore,  ,have  first  fallen  upon  the  bastion  on  the  left, 


EIGdTEENTH    GEORGIA  BATTALION,  161 

which  became  by  these  circnmstances,  the  most  advanced  post 
of  the  fort.  It  was  the  fortune  of  the  Eighteenth  BattalioD  to 
be  posted  in  this  bastion.  The  firing  of  our  pickets  as  they  were 
driven  in  by  the  enemy,  brought  the  whole  garrison  to  the 
ramparts.  In  the  earliest  dim  light  of  the  morning,  the  dark 
masses  of  the  enemy  could  be  descried  advancing  swiftly  to  the 
assault.  As  soon  as  they  came  within  easy  range,  a  rapid  and 
destructive  fire  was  opened  upon  them.  After  several  desperate 
efforts  to  establish  themselves,  they  were  repulsed,  and  literally 
ran  out  of  our  fire.  In  this  their  first  encounter  with  the  enemy, 
the  Eighteenth  conducted  itself  with  great  steadiness  and  cour- 
age, and  its  loss  in  killed* and  wounded  was  greater  than  that  of 
all  the  rest  of  the  garrison.  The  loss  of  the  enemy  amounted  to 
three  hundred  and  thirty-two  in  killed,  besides  the  wounded  and 
prisoners  who  fell  into  our  hands. 

From  the  11th  until  the  18th  the  command  remained  at 
Battery  Wagner,  taking  its  full  share  of  all  duty  and  labor,  and 
enduring  all  the  hardships,  privations  and  sufferings  peculiar 
to  the  place,  with  unfailing  cheerfulness.  To  appreciate  what 
merit  there  was  in  this  cheerfulness,  it  must  be  remembered  that 
they  were  shut  up  in  a  fort  of  sand,  without  other  shelter  from 
the  beams  of  an  almost  tropical  sun,  than  an  ill  ventilated 
bomb-proof,  into  which  from  eight  hundred  to  one  thousand 
men  were  packed  all  day,  and  being  in  receipt  of  a  perfect  storm 
of  shells  from  the  enemy's  ships  and  batteries,  and  of  balls  from 
his  sharpshooters.  There  being  no  means  of  cooking  provisions, 
the  men  had  to  eat  them  raw,  having  at  the  same  time  but  a 
scanty  supply  of  brackish  water  collected  from  holes  scooped  in 
the  sand,  and  with  no  opportunity  of  obtaining  rest,  except  at 
the  imminent  peril  of  life  or  limb. 

The  course  pursued  for  the  relief  of  the  garrison,  was  to 
remove  it  at  stated  intervals,  the  worn  out  troops  be»:ig  with- 
drawn to  James  Island,  Mount  Pleasant  or  the  city  for  rest  and 
refreshment.  But  it  was  rest  only  in  name,  for  they  were  called 
on  for  heavy  details  to  work  on  new  fortifications  and  to  move 
heavy  guns,  and  were  compelled,  when  tired  nature  required  itB 
groat  rfstoror  sleep,  to  lie  on  our  arms  and  in  rank  nearly  every 
night,  in  readiness  to  repel  expected  attacks.  Under  this  plan 
of  arrangements  the  Eighteenth  Battalion  took  three  tours  of 
duty  at  Battery  Wagner  during  the  siege,  each  fimilar  in  most 
particulars  of  toil  and  danger  to  the  one  described  above.   Several 

U 


162  HEROES  AND  MARTYRS  OF  GE(7RGIA, 

valuable  and  faithful  lives  were  lost  during  our  stay  at  Battery 
Wagner.  On  the  10th  of  September,  1863,  the  battalion  was 
ordered  to  Battery  Marion  on  Sullivan's  Island,  immediately 
adjacent  to  Fort  Moultrie.  Here  it  remained  until  late  in  May, 
1864,  bearing  its  full  share  in  the  incessant  cannonade  with  which 
Charleston  harbor  resounded.  The  battalion  was  at  this  point 
engaged  exclusively  on  artillery  duty. 

On  the  18th  of  May,  1864,  Major  Basinger  having  received 
orders  to  proceed  with  his  command  to  Richmond,  the  battalion 
left  Battery  Marion  and  took  the  route  for  Virginia,  where  it 
was  assigned  to  duty  at  Mattox,  on  the  Richmond  and  Danville 
railroad,  to  repel  raiding  parties  of  the  enemy's  cavalry,  where 
it  remains  and  is  stationed  at  the  present  writing. 
BATTALION  AND  COMPANY  OFFICERS. 

FIELD    AND    STAFF. 

Major  "W,  S.  Basinger,  Commanding. 
First.  Lieutenant  E.  P.  Starr,  Adjutant. 
Captain  R.  H,  Footman,  Assistant  Quartermaster. 
Gt.  W.  Coxwell,  Assistant  Surgeon. 

COMPANY   A. 

Captain  T.  F.  Screven. 
First  Lieutenant  W.  H.  King. 
Second  Lieutenant  F.  Tupper. 
Second  Lieutenant  P.  N.  Raynal. 

COMPAiSrY    B. 

Captain  G.  "W.  Stiles. 
First  Lieutenant  G.  D.  Smith. 
Second  Lieutenant  W.  E.  Gue. 
Second  Lieutenant  W.  D.  Grant. 

COMPANY   C. 

Captain  G.  C.  Rice. 
First  Lieutenant  G.  M.  Turner. 
Second  Lieutenant  J.  R.  Dillon. 
Second  Lieutenant  E.  Blois. 

PRESENT   STRENGTH    OF   BATTALION. 

Officers.  Unlisted. 

Field  and  staff, .4  4 

Company  A, 4  97 

Company  B 4  89 

Company  C, 4  90 

Total, 16  280 

— _ _ . ,^ 

Errata, — On  page  123,  fifth  line  from  top,  for  tkis  read  "  his."  Same  page, 
itenth  line  from  top,  for  Captain  WiUiam  Arnold,  read  Captain  William 
"' 2^<jiriBoodJ'  • 


ADDENDUM. 


In  closing  up  the  First  Volume  of  "  Heroes  and  Martyrs  of 
Georgia,"  <fcc.,  I  desire  to  make  a  few  explanations  regarding 
the  contents  of  the  forthcoming  volumes.  I  had  hoped  to  be 
enabled  to  publish  the  Statistical  and  Historical  Record  of  each 
Regiment  from  Georgia  in  four  volumes;  but  learning  from 
experience  that  the  space  allotted  to  each  regiment  is  altogether 
too  meagre,  I  have  resolved  to  double  the  space  allowed,  that  is, 
to  fill  up  to  twenty  pages  the  record  o^  each  command,  and  add 
either  to  the  size  of  the  volumes  or  increase  their  number  to  six. 

The  greater  portion  of  my  MSS.  having  been  either  carried 
off,  or  destroyed  by  the  Federals  in  their  march  through  Georgia, 
I  will  be  (impelled  to  revisit  the  army,  and  re-collect  the  mate- 
rial to  complete  ray  work. 

To  those  gentlemen  who  have  retained  copies  of  the  record  of 
their  commands,  I  would  respectfully  request  that  they  would 
forward  them  to  me  by  mail ;  and  to  those  who  have  failed  to 
furnish  me  with  any  rep-^rts,  I  would  say,  that  I  should  feel 
grateful  to  them  if  they  would  make  them  out  and  forward  them 
to  me. 

I  have  remarked  in  my  preface,  that  it  was  to  me  a  bitter 
disappointnj^nt  in  failing  to  obtain  more  names  of  those  who 
deserve  a  nation's  praise  to  place  on  record,  and  I  would  again 
request  that  I  may  be  furnishea  with  the  name  of  every  man, 
living  or  dead,  who  has  by  any  particular  act  of  h<  -oism  gained 
a  fame  in  his  command. 

I  will  here  state,  that  the  elegant  tribute  to  the  memory  of 
my  brother,  found  in  the  history  pf  the  Fourteenth  Regiment,  is 
from  the  pen  of  his  brother  in  arms,  Captain  T.  C.  Mot)KE,  now 
Adjutant  of  that  regiment. 

I  would  suggest  to  those  gentlemen  who  have  so  kindly 
assisted  me  in  collecting  the  matter  from  which  this  work  is 
written,  that  they  keep  a  record  of  .all  casualties,  «fec.,  occurring 
in  their  respective  comm.andB,  also  an  account  of  all  incidents  of 
heroism,  and  in  fact,  to  keep  a  general  commonplace  book  for 
the  benefit  of  the  future  historian  of  their  comroanda. 


164  ADDENDUM. 

The  plan  of  my  second  volume  will  be  nearly  the  same  as 
that  of  the  first.  The  statistical  matter  will  occupy  the  head  of 
each  history,  and  I  would  desire  that  its  style  should  resemble 
that  of  the  Third  Georgia  Regiment. 

Having  lost  the  record  of  every  regiment  which  has  been 
forwarded  to  me  from  Hood's  array,  I  cannot  promise  that  the 
history  of  any  regiment  in  that  army  will  appear  in  the  second 
volume,  but  I  will  try  and  devote  the  third  volume  exclusively 
to  them. 

THE  AUTHOR. 


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